Large-scale model testing of high-pressure grouting reinforcement for bedding slope with rapid-setting polyurethane

Bedding slope is a typical heterogeneous slope consisting of different soil/rock layers and is likely to slide along the weakest interface.Conventional slope protection methods for bedding slopes,such as retaining walls,stabilizing piles,and anchors,are time-consuming and labor-and energy-intensive.This study proposes an innovative polymer grout method to improve the bearing capacity and reduce the displacement of bedding slopes.A series of large-scale model tests were carried out to verify the effectiveness of polymer grout in protecting bedding slopes.Specifically,load-displacement relationships and failure patterns were analyzed for different testing slopes with various dosages of polymer.Results show the great potential of polymer grout in improving bearing capacity,reducing settlement,and protecting slopes from being crushed under shearing.The polymer-treated slopes remained structurally intact,while the untreated slope exhibited considerable damage when subjected to loads surpassing the bearing capacity.It is also found that polymer-cemented soils concentrate around the injection pipe,forming a fan-shaped sheet-like structure.This study proves the improvement of polymer grouting for bedding slope treatment and will contribute to the development of a fast method to protect bedding slopes from landslides.

Stability of bedded rock slopes subjected to hydro-fluctuation and associated strength deterioration

Reservoir-induced earthquakes(RIEs)occur frequently in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA)and the rock mass strength of the hydro-fluctuation belt(HFB)deteriorates severely due to the reservoirinduced seismic loads.Three models of typical bedded rock slopes(BRSs),i.e.gently(GIS),moderately(MIS),and steeply(SIS)inclined slopes,were proposed according to field investigations.The dynamic response mechanism and stability of the BRSs,affected by the rock mass deterioration of the HFB,were investigated by the shaking table test and the universal distinct element code(UDEC)simulation.Specifically,the amplification coefficient of the peak ground acceleration(PGA)of the slope was gradually attenuated under multiple seismic loads,and the acceleration response showed obvious“surface effect”and“elevation effect”in the horizontal and vertical directions,respectively.The“S-type”cubic function and“steep-rise type”exponential function were used to characterize the cumulative damage evolution of the slope caused by microseismic waves(low seismic waves)and high seismic waves,respectively.According to the dynamic responses of the acceleration,cumulative displacement,rock pressure,pore water pressure,damping ratio,natural frequency,stability coefficient,and sliding velocity of the slope,the typical evolution processes of the dynamic cumulative damage and instability failure of the slope were generalized,and the numerical and experimental results were compared.Considering the dynamic effects of the slope height(SH),slope angle(SA),bedding plane thickness(BPT),dip angle of the bedding plane(DABP),dynamic load amplitude(DLA),dynamic load frequency(DLF),height of water level of the hydro-fluctuation belt(HWLHFB),degradation range of the hydro-fluctuation belt(DRHFB),and degradation shape of the hydro-fluctuation belt(DSHFB),the sensitivity of factors influencing the slope dynamic stability using the orthogonal analysis method(OAM)was DLA>DRHFB>SA>SH>DLF>HWLHFB>DSHFB>DABP>BPT.

ISOLATION DESIGN AND SIMULATIONAL EXPERIMENT OF NANOMETER MICRO MOVEMENT TEST-BED

The relation of mass, stiffness and rate of damping is obtained by using the mechanical analysis of the obstructive vibration system of two dimensions for the design of the obstructive vibration system of more freedom and the micro vibration test bed. The result of stimulational experiment indicates that the isolation of vibration of this system is satisfactory. The design method of vibration can be used as the reference to ultra precision machine tool, super micro orientation machanism and so on.

LDRA TestBed在CTCS2-200C扩展单元软件测试中的应用

介绍了LDRA Test Bed软件测试工具和CTCS2-200C扩展单元,以CTCS2-200C为例,通过对软件进行静态和动态测试,参照EN 50128:2011标准,提高了整个软件开发生命周期中的各项验证和确认活动效率,降低了软件的风险。

Influence of unsupported sleepers on the dynamic stability of ballasted bed based on wheelset impact tests

The unsupported sleeper can change the load characteristics of ballast particles and thus affect the dynamic stability of a ballasted bed.In this work,a laboratory test was constructed on a ballasted track containing unsupported sleepers.The ballasted track was excited by a wheelset,and the influence of unsupported sleepers on the dynamic stability of a ballasted bed was studied.The results show that the main frequency of the sleeper vibration appeared at 670 Hz,and the first-order rigid vibration mode at the frequency of 101 Hz had a significant effect on the condition without the unsupported sleeper.When the sleepers were continuously unsupported,the vibration damping effect of ballasted bed within the frequency range of 0–450 Hz was better than that at higher frequencies.Within the frequency range of 70–250 Hz,the vibration damping effect of the ballasted bed with unsupported sleepers was better than that without the unsupported sleeper.Owing to the excitation from the wheelset impact,the lateral resistance of the ballasted bed with unsupported sleepers whose hanging heights were 30,60,and 90 mm increased by 37.43%,12.25%,and 18.23%,respectively,while the lateral resistance of the ballasted bed without the unsupported sleeper remained basically unchanged.The unsupported sleeper could increase the difference in the quality of the ballasted bed between two adjacent sleepers.In addition,test results show that the hanging height of the unsupported sleeper had little effect on the lateral resistance of a ballasted bed without external excitation,but had an obvious effect on the rate of change of the lateral resistance of a ballasted bed and the acceleration amplitude of the sleeper vibration under the wheelset impact.

Development of a Drilling and Coring Test-bed for Lunar Subsurface Exploration and Preliminary Experiments

Drill sampling has been widely employed as an effective way to acquire deep samples in extraterrestrial exploration. A novel sampling method, namely, flexible-tube coring, was adopted for the Chang＇e mission to acquire drilling cores without damaging stratification information. Since the extraterrestrial environment is uncertain and different from the terrestrial environment, automated drill sampling missions are at risk of failure. The principles of drilling and coring for the lunar subsurface should be fully tested and verified on earth before launch. This paper proposes a test-bed for conducting the aforementioned experiments on earth. The test-bed comprises a rotary-percussive drilling mechanism, penetrating mechanism, drilling medium container, and signal acquisition and control system. For granular soil, coring experiments indicate that the sampling method has a high coring rate greater than 80%. For hard rock, drilling experiments indicate that the percussive frequency greatly affects the drilling efficiency. A multi-layered simulant composed of granular soil and hard rock is built to test the adaptability of drilling and coring. To tackle complex drilling media, an intelligent drilling strategy based on online recognition is proposed to improve the adaptability of the sampling drill. The primary features of this research are the proposal of a scheme for drilling and coring a test-bed for validation on earth and the execution of drilling experiments in complex media.

Thermal-Hydraulic System Study of the Helium Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB) Test Blanket Module (TBM) for ITER Using System Code RELAP5

The HCPB concept has been a European DEMO reference concept for nearly one decade. Detailed thermal-hydraulic study on the control behavior of the whole system is one of the important parts of this development. The thermal-hydraulic effect of the TBM-combined cooling circuit during a cyclic operation in ITER has been studied using the system code RELAP5. The RELAP5 is based on an one-dimensional, transient two-fluid model for the flow of a two-phase steam-water mixture that can contain noncondensable components like Helium. The RELAP5models are modified to take the cyclic operation of the circulator, heat, exchanger, bypass, valves etc in to account. A sequence of operational phases is investigated, starting from the cold state through the heating phase that brings the system to a stand-by condition, followed by typical power cycles applied in ITER. The results show that the implemented control mechanisms keep the inlet temperature to the TBM and the total mass flow rate at the required values through all phases.

Design and Test of the Semi-Automatic Test-Bed with Inclined Belt of Garlic Transplanting Machine

In order to verify the feasibility of semi-automatic garlic planter with inclined belt program and determine its reasonable operating parameters, the semi-automatic test-bed with inclined belt of garlic transplanting machine was designed, and the garlic box experiments were conducted. The angle of inclined belt on the test-bed and its running speed were adjustable. Single factor test results showed that the program of the semi-automatic garlic planter with inclined belt was feasible, and the angle of inclined belt and the test bed running speed affected the indicators. Orthogonal experiment results showed that the angle of inclined belt was the main factor affecting the test indicators. It is also found that the best angle was 30 degrees, while the most reasonable running speed was 0.75 Km/h.

Simplified Removable Ground Test-Bed for Testing Turbofan Engine

A new simplified removable ground test-bed was designed for testing a certainturbofan engine. The facilities are 5.5 m long, 1.5 m wide, 2.2 m high and not more than 4. 5 t ofits empty weight. There are four rubber wheels that could be towed. There is an independentelectrical measurement and control system to test the rotational speed of rotors, the gas pressureof the compressor, the exhaust gas temperature, etc. Cooperated with the oil truck and the electricpower supply truck, the turbofan engine could be preserved on the ground and started to the idlingregime. While running, the parameter of the engine could be recorded, disposed and displayed. Inaddition, the facilities were successfully applied to the plateau experiment in order to researchhow the atmosphere pressure affects the start of engines. Some data are given in the paper.

A study on characteristic indexesof railway ballast bed underhigh-frequency radar

Purpose–In this paper,a high-frequency radar test system was used to collect the data of clean ballast bed and fouled ballast bed of ballasted tracks,respectively,for a quantitative evaluation of the condition of railway ballast bed.Design/methodology/approach–Based on original radar signals,the time–frequency characteristics of radar signals were analyzed,five ballast bed condition characteristic indexes were proposed,including the frequency domain integral area,scanning area,number of intersections with the time axis,number of timedomain inflection points and amplitude envelope obtained by Hilbert transform,and the effectiveness and sensitivity of the indexes were analyzed.Findings–The thickness of ballast bed tested at the sleep bottom by high-frequency radar is up to 55 cm,which meets the requirements of ballast bed detection.Compared with clean ballast bed,the values of the five indexes of fouled ballast bed are larger,and the five indexes could effectively show the condition of the ballast bed.The computational efficiency of amplitude envelope obtained by Hilbert transform is 140 s$km
1,and the computational efficiency of other indexes is 5 s$km
1.The amplitude envelopes obtained by Hilbert transform in the subgrade sections and tunnel sections are the most sensitive,followed by scanning area.The number of intersections with the time axis in the bridge sections was the most sensitive,followed by the scanning area.The scanning area can adapt to different substructures such as subgrade,bridges and tunnels,with high comprehensive sensitivity.Originality/value–The research can provide appropriate characteristic indexes from the high-frequency radar original signal to quantitatively evaluate ballast bed condition under different substructures.

二氧化碳参与的粉煤热解-气化工业试验研究

为开展煤炭清洁高效转化过程中的CO_(2)循环利用研究,在处理量为36 t/d的热解-气化工业试验装置(简称“工业试验装置”)中对粒径为0~300μm的西湾煤进行了连续运行试验,考察了CO_(2)参与的工业试验装置的物料和热量平衡、运行情况及产物性质的变化规律。结果表明,在热解温度为600℃、气化温度为1000℃和反应压力为0.8~1.0 MPa的条件下,CO_(2)参与热解-气化过程后,工业试验装置运行稳定,吨煤蒸汽消耗量减少了5.38%,合成气中有效气(CO+H_(2))含量(体积分数,下同)由74.74%升高至79.63%,CO含量升高了10.43%,H_(2)含量降低了5.54%,合成气热值、碳转化率及能源转化效率均升高。焦油产率由15.91%升高至16.25%,密度由1.06 kg/m^(3)降低至1.02 kg/m^(3),运动黏度由3.42 mm2/s降低至2.70 mm^(2)/s,硫质量分数由0.20%降低至0.15%,同等质量焦油馏分对应的温度降低了10~30℃。焦油中脂肪烃质量分数提高了7.53%,芳香烃质量分数降低了5.47%,其他化合物质量分数提高了15.98%。

RELIABILITY OF TEST LANDS TARGETING IN BED-OF-NAILS STYLE TEST FIXTURE

A systematic, accurate and robust evaluating method for fine pitch printed circuit board （PCB） positioning assessment in testing fixture is developed. Targeting reliability of bed-of-nails tester is successfully evaluated by the 2D pattern transform. Probe offset vector with its Weibull and Gaussian distribution estimates are obtained for further investigation about the causes of misalignment on the basis of a batch tests for same kind of PCBs.

Pilot-test about Treatment of Low-concentration Organic Waste Gas Using a Fixed Biological Bed

[ Objective] The study aims to discuss the feasibility of using a fixed biological bed to treat low-concentration organic waste gas. [ Method] A fixed biological bed was used to treat low-concentration organic waste gas from a phosphate workshop, and then the waste gas treated was assessed by human sense of smell to determine the most economical empty bed contact time, thereby verifying the feasibility of using a fixed biolog- ical bed to treat low-concentration organic waste gas. [Result] When empty bed contact time was 60 s, the smell of the treated waste gas was acceptable, and COD value of recycled water in the fixed biological bed was essentially unchanged. It proved that organic load of the waste gas was consumed by microorganisms within 60 s. [ Conclusion] It is feasible to use a fixed biological bed to treat Iow-concantration organic waste gas from a phosphate workshop.

BED-CEIA与PA-LS检测HIV-1近期感染的比较性研究

目的为在云南省或国内开展BED-CEIA(BED捕获酶联免疫法)和PA-LS(微量明胶颗粒凝集HIV-1近期感染检测方法)来区分HIV-1近期感染的研究和应用提供经验。方法应用BED-CEIA和PA-LS分别检测261份确认为HIV阳性感染的血清。结果BED-CEIA方法的近期感染检出率是12.6%;PA-LS方法是7.7%。经χ2检验,两种实验方法检测HIV近期感染无显著性差异。结论BED-CEIA和PA-LS两种实验方法检测HIV近期感染无显著性差异,但在区分HIV近期感染的一致性方面较低,而区分HIV长期感染的一致性方面很高,其原因有待进一步研究。

I MWth Test Facilities for Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion

This paper presents the technical parameters and features of 1 MWth test facilities for circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) at Thermal Power Research Institute (TPRI) of State Power Corporation (SP), introduces the test items that can be proceeded and trial combustion projects completed. The development status of CFBC technologies abroad and the level of China in this field are also introduced in the paper.

某空气透平试验台轴承-转子系统特性分析

空气透平试验台是研究汽轮机叶型效率的有效手段。设计的空气透平试验台模块兼顾了高压、低压叶型试验,在试验过程中只需要更换转子、叶片部分,气缸及轴承箱模块均能实现通用,在试验时可极大地缩短安装调试周期。通过分析计算表明,试验台转子设计能够满足轴系动力学考核标准,设计方案可行。

基于ISO-PSO的350 MW超临界CFB锅炉主汽温建模研究

针对火电厂目前主蒸汽温度数学模型不准确、不能有效地反应实际生产过程、辨识结果偏差较大等问题,使用学习因子动态调整及随机惯性权重策略改进的二阶振荡粒子群优化(ISO-PSO)算法进行建模。首先,采用学习因子动态调整、随机惯性权重策略对二阶振荡粒子群算法进行改善。测试结果表明,改进算法拥有更好的收敛速度及寻优精度。其次,处理山西某电厂350 MW超临界循环流化床(CFB)锅炉在300 MW工况下采集到的主蒸汽温度数据。最后,对比ISO-PSO算法和粒子群优化(PSO)算法。辨识结果及验证结果表明,ISO-PSO算法辨识的主蒸汽温度模型与实际输出的拟合度更高,能够更加准确、快速地反映主蒸汽温度的变化。所建立的主蒸汽温度模型可以及时跟踪实际曲线。该研究为后续350 MW超临界CFB锅炉主蒸汽温度优化控制研究奠定了良好的基础。

基于UPS-RPU-PU并联机构的液压支架试验台多目标优化

提出一种非对称1T2R型UPS-RPU-PU并联机构,并基于该机构设计一种新型液压支架试验台,以期为解决现有试验台面临的技术难题提供新思路。应用矢量方程法推导出并联机构位置逆解方程;采用方位角和倾摆角描述机构偏置式动平台输出轴的姿态。以螺旋理论为数学工具,建立机构运动/力传递性能指标的解析数学模型。在此基础上,给出优质传递姿态工作空间(GTOW)、全域传递性能指标(GTI)及其波动性能指标的定义和计算方法。依据液压支架加载试验实际需求,建立并联加载装置尺度参数昂贵约束多目标优化模型。采用第2代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)求得多组Pareto最优解,以供工程设计备选。选择综合性能较优的一组折中解,设计新型液压支架试验台虚拟样机,并利用ANSYS进行3种典型工况下的仿真试验。研究结果表明:基于并联机构的新型试验台具有良好的运动性能和静态特性,可为进一步开展模型样机研制和试验提供理论指导。

Model test and numerical simulation on the dynamic stability of the bedding rock slope under frequent microseisms

Shake table testing was performed to investigate the dynamic stability of a mid-dip bedding rock slope under frequent earthquakes. Then, numerical modelling was established to further study the slope dynamic stability under purely microseisms and the influence of five factors, including seismic amplitude, slope height, slope angle, strata inclination and strata thickness, were considered. The experimental results show that the natural frequency of the slope decreases and damping ratio increases as the earthquake loading times increase. The dynamic strength reduction method is adopted for the stability evaluation of the bedding rock slope in numerical simulation, and the slope stability decreases with the increase of seismic amplitude, increase of slope height, reduction of strata thickness and increase of slope angle. The failure mode of a mid-dip bedding rock slope in the shaking table test is integral slipping along the bedding surface with dipping tensile cracks at the slope rear edge going through the bedding surfaces. In the numerical simulation, the long-term stability of a mid-dip bedding slope is worst under frequent microseisms and the slope is at risk of integral sliding instability, whereas the slope rock mass is more broken than shown in the shaking table test. The research results are of practical significance to better understand the formation mechanism of reservoir landslides and prevent future landslide disasters.

Pulsed Eddy Current Non-destructive Testing and Evaluation:A Review

Pulsed eddy current （PEC） non-destructive test- ing and evaluation （NDT＆E） has been around for some time and it is still attracting extensive attention from researchers around the globe, which can be witnessed through the reports reviewed in this paper. Thanks to its richness of spectral components, various applications of this technique have been proposed and reported in the lit- erature covering both structural integrity inspection and material characterization in various industrial sectors. To support its development and for better understanding of the phenomena around the transient induced eddy currents, attempts for its modelling both analytically and numeri- cally have been made by researchers around the world. This review is an attempt to capture the state-of-the-art development and applications of PEC, especially in the last 15 years and it is not intended to be exhaustive. Future challenges and opportunities for PEC NDT＆E are also presented.