“Instruction-Category” Approach of Test Suite Construction for Oven Embedded System

Being different from testing for popular GUI software, the “instruction-category” approach is proposed for testing embedded system. This approach is constructed by three steps including refining items, drawing instruction-brief and instruction-category, and constructing test suite. Consequently, this approach is adopted to test oven embedded system, and detail process is deeply discussed. As a result, the factual result indicates that the “instruction-category” approach can be effectively applied in embedded system testing as a black-box method for conformity testing.

Guideline of Test Suite Construction for GUI Software Centered on Grey-Box Approach

In this paper, the test suite construction for GUI (Graphical User Interface) software may be executed centered on grey-box approach with the prior test design of window access controls for unit testing, including front-end method of white box and follow-up black box method for integration testing. Moreover, two key opinions are proposed for the test suite construction for GUI software, the first one is that the “Triple-step method” should be used for unit testing with the prior disposing of data boundary value testing of input controls, and another one is that the “Grey-box approach” should be applied in integration testing for GUI software with necessary testing preparation in the precondition. At the same time, the testing of baseline version and the incremental testing should be considered for the test case construction to coordinate with the whole evolution of software product today. Additionally, all our opinion and thought are verified and tested with a typical case of GUI software—PQMS (Product Quality Monitoring Software/System), and results indicate that these methods and specific disposing are practical and effective.

Approach of Separately Applying Unit Testing to AspectJ Program

A unit testing approach for AspectJ programs is proposed to separately test aspect units which have their own states. In the approach, aspects under test are converted to classes before execution of unit testing. In the conversion process, the context information passed through pointcut is transformed into advices, then the advices are converted to class member methods, and conflicts in the conversion result, if any, are resolved finally. The unit testing process consists of generating test cases, executing test cases and checking results.

Seismic Soil Liquefaction for Deterministic and Probabilistic Approach Based on in <i>Situ</i>Test (CPTU) Data

One of the most devastating effects of earthquakes in the seismic regions is liquefaction. Many research works have been done in this field and at present different methods are available for the liquefaction potential assessment. The liquefaction is a very significant phenomenon in clayey silty soils, silty sands and also sands. The high potential of liquefaction is generally recognized when these type of soils are laid under the hydrostatic water table. This paper make an overview of two different methods for the evaluation of liquefaction potential, and a case study is presented. Two methods presented here are the Deterministic Approach proposed by Robertson and Wride (1998), and the Probabilistic Approach proposed by Moss and co-workers. Case study of the liquefaction potential evaluation is done for the Golem area, where geotechnical data from CPTU test were collected. The results of analysis in the Golem area show that liquefaction has medium susceptibly to occur. From the analyses, it is shown that the Probabilistic Approach gives more accurate information about the risk of liquefaction than the Deterministic Approach.

Strategy and Methodology of Integration Testing for GUI Software

In this paper, by means of effective testing practices, main strategies of integration testing for GUI software, including differentiating strategy for distinguished system, strategy of personnel organization, incremental testing strategy based on baseline version, testing strategy of circulating loop through the whole life, and the strategy of test suite construction, were briefly investigated. Moreover, for the code analysis, the FTA (Fault Tree analysis) is proposed to deal with the software change in regression testing. For test suite constructing, the constructing methods for baseline version and the incremental change are deeply discussed, in which main points focus on the testing strategy based on “Sheet/Form”, the “Grey-box approach” for integration testing process, and the application of the improved STD (State Transform Diagram) in state testing. At the same time, the suite construction of integration testing for two types, including small scale program and large scale software, is analyzed and discussed in detail. For testing execution, the specific method based on “Cross-testing” is investigated. Concurrently, by a lot of examples, all results of testing activity indicate that these strategies and methods are useful and fitted to integration testing for GUI software.

受梯级枢纽开发影响的汉江中游流量变化研究

为评估汉江中游流量变化情况,选用皇庄水文站1965—2022年共58 a逐日流量数据,按丹江口水库、王甫洲水利枢纽、崔家营航电枢纽、南水北调中线调水工程等重大水利工程的开发时序,将研究时段划分为未受人类活动干扰的基准期和4个典型影响时期,运用Mann-Kendall非参数检验法开展多年流量变化特征分析,采用变化范围法(IHA-RVA)对不同影响时期的流量指标进行分析,并根据各指标的水文改变度及偏移度综合评估汉江中游流量变化情况。结果表明:受丹江口、王甫洲、崔家营、雅口和兴隆等水利工程影响,汉江中游流量出现不同程度的波动,32个IHA指标整体水文改变度达47.46%~63.74%,判断为中度改变。

齿轮制造中的残余应力及其对疲劳性能的影响

残余应力对齿轮的疲劳强度及服役寿命有着不可忽视的影响,残余应力对齿轮疲劳强度作用机制的研究对于延长齿轮服役寿命和改善齿轮服役性能具有重要意义。业界对齿轮疲劳中残余应力的影响机制进行了大量的研究,但尚未形成统一的结论。首先,系统地阐述了残余应力的产生机制及调控方法,归纳了现有的残余应力测试方法以及残余应力对齿轮疲劳性能的影响等方面的研究进展。最后,梳理了当前研究中存在的难点,从残余应力的测试技术、量化研究、调控方法等三个方面对未来的研究进行了展望。

腹腔镜左半结肠癌根治术中采用IMA-CMA技术对淋巴结清扫的影响分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜左半结肠癌根治术中采用肠系膜下动脉优先解剖联合完全内侧入路(Priority Anatomy of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery Combined with Complete Medial Approach,IMA-CMA)技术对淋巴结清扫的影响。方法 回顾性选取2019年5月-2023年5月南平第一医院治疗的81例腹腔镜左半结肠癌根治术患者的临床资料,根据手术方法不同分为IMA-CMA组和对照组,其中IMA-CMA组44例,对照组37例。对照组采用传统入路技术,IMA-CMA组采用IMA-CMA技术,比较两组患者的手术相关指标、淋巴结清扫情况、术后肠功能恢复情况、并发症发生情况及复发率和转移率。结果 同对照组相比较,IMA-CMA组手术时间较短,术中出血量较低,253组淋巴结清扫数目较多,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。同对照组相比较,IMA-CMA组腹痛腹胀持续时间、术后排便时间及术后排气时间均较短,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。IMA-CMA组并发症发生率为4.55%,低于对照组的18.92%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.204,P<0.05)。术后1年,IMA-CMA组和对照组复发率、转移率比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 腹腔镜左半结肠癌根治术中采用IMA-CMA技术能够缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,对淋巴结的清扫情况更佳,且可以改善术后肠功能恢复情况及并发症发生情况,不增加复发和转移风险。

整合测试与评估方法(IATA)及其应用进展

整合测试与评估方法(IATA)是一种毒理学评估决策的新技术方法,它将化学物质现有的理化特性、动物测试和非动物测试等多种来源的信息源进行整合,通过一系列迭代策略的评估和分析,以获得风险评估结论,可为制定化学物质的风险管理决策提供依据。IATA已在皮肤致敏、眼刺激和遗传毒性等领域得到越来越广泛的应用。本综述简要介绍IATA相关的概念内涵,梳理框架要素和序贯流程,阐释常用的框架构建方法,分享多种暴露场景下的应用案例,并对IATA未来研究方向进行展望,以期为化学物质风险评估提供更好的方法学支撑。

基于广义Rao检验的单/多比特MIMO雷达运动目标检测方法

通道数的增加在提高多输入多输出(multiple-input multiple-output,MIMO)雷达目标检测性能的同时,也显著增加了数据的传输量和处理负担。针对运动目标的集中式MIMO雷达检测问题,首先对雷达回波数据进行比特量化,然后再进行融合检测处理。由于广义似然比检验(generalized likelihood ratio test,GLRT)需要对未知参数进行最大似然估计(maximum likelihood estimation,MLE),而上述问题中未知参数的MLE没有闭合解,导致相应的检验统计量的计算量较大。采用了一种新颖的广义Rao(generalized Rao,G-Rao)检验方法,由于不需要求解未知参数的MLE,相应的检验统计量有闭合解,显著降低了检验统计量的计算量。此外,为改善检测性能,运用粒子群优化算法对量化门限进行了优化。最后,实验结果在验证G-Rao检测器有效性的同时,表明:相比单比特量化而言,少量多比特量化在有效降低信号传输和处理负担的同时,其检测性能高于单比特量化方式。

路测环境下无人驾驶小巴复杂场景运行评价

以无人驾驶小巴为代表的客运自动驾驶工具在公交微循环中发挥着重要作用,为实现无人驾驶技术的商业化规模运用,除了传统的车辆性能测试外,还需评估其在复杂场景下的表现。由于测试数据缺乏,评价模型适用场景单一和评价方法主观等问题,导致以往评价偏差较大。本文针对无人驾驶小巴的表现构建综合评价体系,并在实测数据的基础上,采用博弈论组合赋权的优劣解距离法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)模型,对车辆在复杂场景下的表现进行综合评价。选取驾驶安全性、乘坐舒适性、车辆智能性及车辆高效性这4个评价维度,并细分为12个客观评价指标。首先,通过实地测试采集无人驾驶小巴在运行场景中的数据;其次,利用基于博弈论的组合赋权法,对层次分析法和熵权法获得的权重进行组合;最后,为验证模型的有效性,运用TOPSIS模型对3条具有不同复杂度的测试路线进行综合评价值的计算。结果显示,无人驾驶小巴表现评价中,准则层的重要程度排序为车辆智能性、驾驶安全性、乘坐舒适性、车辆高效性,指标层敏感指标则为自动驾驶状态、平均角速度。基于博弈论组合赋权的TOPSIS模型对不同场景复杂度路线进行的无人驾驶小巴表现评价结果与实际运行情况一致,展示了方法的有效性。

毒性测试替代方法及其在化妆品安全风险评估中应用进展

随着工业和经济的快速发展,大量化学物质涌现,风险管理难度加大。传统的风险评估主要依赖于动物试验开展毒性测试,然而动物试验周期长,成本高,已无法满足风险评估的现实需求。毒性测试替代技术的日益成熟,标志着快速、灵敏、准确识别化学物质毒性成为可能。本文围绕毒性测试替代方法的研究与应用,综述毒性替代测试方法的背景、发展和国内外研究现状,及其在化妆品安全风险评估领域的应用进展,并对当前我国替代测试技术和风险评估发展过程中存在的问题进行了探讨,为我国化妆品健康风险评估体系建设提供参考。

装备测试类专业背景课程思政教学探索

测试类专业背景课程是自动化、测控、机械等工科专业核心专业课程,在深入分析该类课程当前思政教学易发生问题的基础上,依据装备测试类专业背景课程特点,从教学目标、思政挖掘、分布设置等方面分析思政体系化设计思路,从思政切入方法和教学效果评价的角度讨论课程思政可能的实施路径,为促进课程思政建设更加完善、教学效果和质量进一步提升提供参考。

基于船舶操纵仿真试验的弯曲河段复线船闸引航道方案论证和优化

临淮岗复线船闸上游折线形引航道设置警示分隔墩后,下游引航道回流严重、横向流速局部超标。针对安全航行的问题,开展船舶操纵仿真试验。结果表明:上游引航道宽度、转弯半径可满足船舶安全进出闸的需要;曲进直出的折线形引航道布置方案,上行出闸船舶为航行安全的控制工况,在停泊段双排停靠1000吨级船舶时,安全富余较小;两闸之间的警示分隔墩平面布置长度过长对出闸船舶的航行存在不利影响,其纵向布置范围不应与停泊段重叠;下游引航道不超标部分宽度可满足船舶安全航行需要。

Investigating the Relationship Between Teaching Approach and Language Learning Motivation of College English Classrooms in China

The study was aimed at exploring the relationship between teaching approach and students'learning motivation.The participants were two college English teachers and their fixed group of students.The research lasted 16 weeks.The instruments used in the study were Attitude/Motivation Test Battery(AMTB) and classroom observation.Analyzing by the mean of the AM TB result,researchers got the popular tendencies of students'learning motivation level every four weeks.Comparing the change of students'learning motivation level and teacher participants'frequency of using the recommended teaching approach,this arti cle intends to achieve two purposes:1) Is students'learning motivation related to their teachers'teaching approach? 2) Among the approach recommended by literature,which works the best in the colleges in China?

Goodness-of-fit tests for multi-dimensional copulas:Expanding application to historical drought data

The question of how to choose a copula model that best fits a given dataset is a predominant limitation of the copula approach, and the present study aims to investigate the techniques of goodness-of-fit tests for multi-dimensional copulas. A goodness-of-fit test based on Rosenblatt＇s transformation was mathematically expanded from two dimensions to three dimensions and procedures of a bootstrap version of the test were provided. Through stochastic copula simulation, an empirical application of historical drought data at the Lintong Gauge Station shows that the goodness-of-fit tests perform well, revealing that both trivariate Gaussian and Student t copulas are acceptable for modeling the dependence structures of the observed drought duration, severity, and peak. The goodness-of-fit tests for multi-dimensional copulas can provide further support and help a lot in the potential applications of a wider range of copulas to describe the associations of correlated hydrological variables. However, for the application of copulas with the number of dimensions larger than three, more complicated computational efforts as well as exploration and parameterization of corresponding copulas are required.

The mechanisms,evaluation and estimation of anti-skid performance of snowy and icy pavement:A review

The anti-skid performance of snowy and icy pavements is a popular research topic among road workers.Snow and ice are pollutants on a road surface.They significantly reduce the skid resistance of pavements,and thus,cause traffic accidents.Pertinent research progress on the skid resistance of snowy and icy pavements was reviewed and summarized in this work.The formation and classification of snowy and icy pavements were described on the basis of the state of snow and ice.The friction mechanisms between tires and snowy and icy pavements were revealed.Measurement methods and their applicability to the skid resistance of snowy and icy pavements were summarized.Factors that affect the skid resistance of pavements were discussed from the perspectives of pavement,environment,and vehicle.In addition,models of snowy and icy pavement resistance were classified into experience,mechanical,and numerical models.The advantages and disadvantages of these models were then compared and analyzed.Some suggestions regarding snowy and icy pavements were presented in accordance with the aforementioned information,including the development of efficient testing tools,the quantification of skid resistance under the coupling effects of multiple factors,the establishment of unified evaluation standards,and the development of more effective skid resistance models.

Exponential System Reliability Test Design Based on Information Fusion

By analyzing the shortage of reliability test design and thinking over the producer's risk and consumer's risk, the information fusion technology is used to set up a reliability test design model( RTDM). By analyzing the demands and constraint conditions of the RTDM and with applications of Bayesian approach and Monte Carlo method( MCM),this paper puts forward the exponential distributed subsystems and the information fusion technology among them. According to the posteriori risk criteria,formulas of producer's risk and consumer's risk were also inferred,and with the help of Matlab software,selection of the optimum test plan was solved. Finally,validity of the model had been proved by a test of series parallel system.

盾构隧道群近接下穿施工顺序对既有隧道影响模型试验研究

随着地铁近接工程逐步向叠交隧道数量多、空间位置复杂的趋势发展,盾构施工对土体反复扰动的叠加效应使得规划出合理的近接施工顺序变得更加重要。针对昆明地铁4、5号线新建隧道群近接下穿2号线既有隧道,形成“三层六线”叠交的少见工况,采用室内模型试验系统研究了新建隧道群3种不同下穿施工顺序对地表沉降、既有隧道变位及纵向弯矩的影响。得出以下几点结论:(1)随着新建隧道下穿数量增多,地表沉降逐步增大,地表最终沉降为4次穿越叠加的结果,沉降峰值大致位于新建隧道群的中心线位置;(2)地表最终沉降量与新建隧道施工顺序有关。“先下后上”、“交错先下后上”工序的沉降较小;“先上后下”的沉降最大,是其他两工序的1.25和1.18倍。既有隧道的存在对其周边土体变形有一定的约束作用;(3)既有隧道在靠近新建隧道群中心线位置的沉降量受施工顺序影响较大,较远位置的基本不受影响;(4)穿越施工顺序对管片横向弯矩变化的影响不大,但对既有隧道结构纵向弯矩有一定影响,纵向弯矩差异可达15.82%;(5)综合周边环境变形控制与既有隧道结构保护的效果,推荐采用“先下后上”和“交错先下后上”的工序。研究结果对类似叠交盾构隧道的设计和施工有一定的参考价值。

电站扩机工程对原船闸航行影响船模试验研究

以湘江近尾洲枢纽船闸扩建工程为例,通过对工程前、后的船模试验数据分析得出了扩机工程对原船闸通航水流条件的影响。扩机工程优化方案基本消除了工程前一线船闸上游引航道中的回流流态,并使得口门区内的纵、横流最大值与工程前相比分别减小了0.23、0.82 m/s;枢纽一线船闸上游航道口门区最大通航流量由工程前的6653 m^(3)/s增加至优化方案中的6963 m^(3)/s,船模试验最不利工况为工况5(Q=12300 m^(3)/s)。优化方案的船模航行效果整体优于原方案,优化方案各流量工况下的平均航速均有所增加。当Q<8200 m^(3)/s时,上、下行最大舵角及最大漂角相对于原方案均有所下降,优化了航道通航水流条件,大大提升了过往船舶的安全系数,但仍要略高于工程前。