The HCPB concept has been a European DEMO reference concept for nearly one decade. Detailed thermal-hydraulic study on the control behavior of the whole system is one of the important parts of this development. The th...The HCPB concept has been a European DEMO reference concept for nearly one decade. Detailed thermal-hydraulic study on the control behavior of the whole system is one of the important parts of this development. The thermal-hydraulic effect of the TBM-combined cooling circuit during a cyclic operation in ITER has been studied using the system code RELAP5. The RELAP5 is based on an one-dimensional, transient two-fluid model for the flow of a two-phase steam-water mixture that can contain noncondensable components like Helium. The RELAP5models are modified to take the cyclic operation of the circulator, heat, exchanger, bypass, valves etc in to account. A sequence of operational phases is investigated, starting from the cold state through the heating phase that brings the system to a stand-by condition, followed by typical power cycles applied in ITER. The results show that the implemented control mechanisms keep the inlet temperature to the TBM and the total mass flow rate at the required values through all phases.展开更多
The finite element code ANSYS is used to calculate the temperature and stress distributions for the first wall of DFLL-TBM （dual functional lithium lead-test blanket module）, for testing in ITER. Preliminary analyse...The finite element code ANSYS is used to calculate the temperature and stress distributions for the first wall of DFLL-TBM （dual functional lithium lead-test blanket module）, for testing in ITER. Preliminary analyses indicate that not only the low temperature design rules, the well-known 3Sin rules, are satisfied for the first wall, but the additional high temperature structural design criteria for the creep damage limits and creep-ratcheting limits are met as well.展开更多
The Indian Test Blanket Module（TBM） program in ITER is one of the major steps in its fusion reactor program towards DEMO and the future fusion power reactor vision. Research and development（RD） is focused on two t...The Indian Test Blanket Module（TBM） program in ITER is one of the major steps in its fusion reactor program towards DEMO and the future fusion power reactor vision. Research and development（RD） is focused on two types of breeding blanket concepts： lead–lithium ceramic breeder（LLCB） and helium-cooled ceramic breeder（HCCB） blanket systems for the DEMO reactor. As part of the ITER-TBM program, the LLCB concept will be tested in one-half of ITER port no. 2, whose materials and technologies will be tested during ITER operation. The HCCB concept is a variant of the solid breeder blanket, which is presently part of our domestic RD program for DEMO relevant technology development. In the HCCB concept Li_2TiO_3 and beryllium are used as the tritium breeder and neutron multiplier, respectively, in the form of a packed bed having edge-on configuration with reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel as the structural material. In this paper two design schemes, mainly two different orientations of pebble beds, are discussed. In the current concept（case-1）, the ceramic breeder beds are kept horizontal in the toroidal–radial direction. Due to gravity, the pebbles may settle down at the bottom and create a finite gap between the pebbles and the top cooling plate, which will affect the heat transfer between them. In the alternate design concept（case-2）, the pebble bed is vertically（poloidal–radial） orientated where the side plates act as cooling plates instead of top and bottom plates. These two design variants are analyzed analytically and 2 D thermal-hydraulic simulation studies are carried out with ANSYS, using the heat loads obtained from neutronic calculations.Based on the analysis the performance is compared and details of the thermal and radiative heat transfer studies are also discussed in this paper.展开更多
A special neutron diagnostic system is proposed that facilitates the measurement of neutron fluxes and spectra in the neutronics and tritium production-test blanket module （NTTBM） without interrupting the operation ...A special neutron diagnostic system is proposed that facilitates the measurement of neutron fluxes and spectra in the neutronics and tritium production-test blanket module （NTTBM） without interrupting the operation of the International Thermal-nuclear Experimental Reactor （ITER）, for studying the multiplication rate in the neutron multiplier and breeding ratio of tritium in the breeder. This system includes an encapsulated foil activation system, micro-fission chamber detectors （MFC）, and a compact neutron spectrometer using a natural diamond detector （NDD）. A helium coolant loop with a reasonable diameter is designed carefully for every measurement channel that ensures that the neutron detectors and preamplifiers would work well under a high temperature scenario and that the filling rates of the neutron multiplier （beryllium pebble） and tritium breeder material （Li4SiO4） would not decrease excessively （the expected value〉80%） due to the dimensions of the helium coolant loop.展开更多
根据第一壁后聚变中子通量和能谱的空间分布和 ITER 可能输出的聚变功率、聚变中子产额、第一壁(产氚包层)之后的中子通量的蒙塔-卡罗中子输运(MCNP)计算,对氦冷却固体增殖剂中子学和产氚包层模块(NT-TBM-HCSB)的聚变中子诊断提出概念...根据第一壁后聚变中子通量和能谱的空间分布和 ITER 可能输出的聚变功率、聚变中子产额、第一壁(产氚包层)之后的中子通量的蒙塔-卡罗中子输运(MCNP)计算,对氦冷却固体增殖剂中子学和产氚包层模块(NT-TBM-HCSB)的聚变中子诊断提出概念性设计,本设计提出用固定位置微型裂变室探测器和可移动封装薄箔活化分析系统测量中子倍增器之后、固体氚增殖剂中及其后的中子通量;用可移动天然金刚石探测器的紧凑型能谱仪测量中子能谱。展开更多
基金The project supported by European Fusion Development Agreement (EFDA) Technology Work Program
文摘The HCPB concept has been a European DEMO reference concept for nearly one decade. Detailed thermal-hydraulic study on the control behavior of the whole system is one of the important parts of this development. The thermal-hydraulic effect of the TBM-combined cooling circuit during a cyclic operation in ITER has been studied using the system code RELAP5. The RELAP5 is based on an one-dimensional, transient two-fluid model for the flow of a two-phase steam-water mixture that can contain noncondensable components like Helium. The RELAP5models are modified to take the cyclic operation of the circulator, heat, exchanger, bypass, valves etc in to account. A sequence of operational phases is investigated, starting from the cold state through the heating phase that brings the system to a stand-by condition, followed by typical power cycles applied in ITER. The results show that the implemented control mechanisms keep the inlet temperature to the TBM and the total mass flow rate at the required values through all phases.
基金supported by Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 070413085)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 10875145, 10675123)
文摘The finite element code ANSYS is used to calculate the temperature and stress distributions for the first wall of DFLL-TBM （dual functional lithium lead-test blanket module）, for testing in ITER. Preliminary analyses indicate that not only the low temperature design rules, the well-known 3Sin rules, are satisfied for the first wall, but the additional high temperature structural design criteria for the creep damage limits and creep-ratcheting limits are met as well.
文摘The Indian Test Blanket Module（TBM） program in ITER is one of the major steps in its fusion reactor program towards DEMO and the future fusion power reactor vision. Research and development（RD） is focused on two types of breeding blanket concepts： lead–lithium ceramic breeder（LLCB） and helium-cooled ceramic breeder（HCCB） blanket systems for the DEMO reactor. As part of the ITER-TBM program, the LLCB concept will be tested in one-half of ITER port no. 2, whose materials and technologies will be tested during ITER operation. The HCCB concept is a variant of the solid breeder blanket, which is presently part of our domestic RD program for DEMO relevant technology development. In the HCCB concept Li_2TiO_3 and beryllium are used as the tritium breeder and neutron multiplier, respectively, in the form of a packed bed having edge-on configuration with reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel as the structural material. In this paper two design schemes, mainly two different orientations of pebble beds, are discussed. In the current concept（case-1）, the ceramic breeder beds are kept horizontal in the toroidal–radial direction. Due to gravity, the pebbles may settle down at the bottom and create a finite gap between the pebbles and the top cooling plate, which will affect the heat transfer between them. In the alternate design concept（case-2）, the pebble bed is vertically（poloidal–radial） orientated where the side plates act as cooling plates instead of top and bottom plates. These two design variants are analyzed analytically and 2 D thermal-hydraulic simulation studies are carried out with ANSYS, using the heat loads obtained from neutronic calculations.Based on the analysis the performance is compared and details of the thermal and radiative heat transfer studies are also discussed in this paper.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10175021)
文摘A special neutron diagnostic system is proposed that facilitates the measurement of neutron fluxes and spectra in the neutronics and tritium production-test blanket module （NTTBM） without interrupting the operation of the International Thermal-nuclear Experimental Reactor （ITER）, for studying the multiplication rate in the neutron multiplier and breeding ratio of tritium in the breeder. This system includes an encapsulated foil activation system, micro-fission chamber detectors （MFC）, and a compact neutron spectrometer using a natural diamond detector （NDD）. A helium coolant loop with a reasonable diameter is designed carefully for every measurement channel that ensures that the neutron detectors and preamplifiers would work well under a high temperature scenario and that the filling rates of the neutron multiplier （beryllium pebble） and tritium breeder material （Li4SiO4） would not decrease excessively （the expected value〉80%） due to the dimensions of the helium coolant loop.
文摘根据第一壁后聚变中子通量和能谱的空间分布和 ITER 可能输出的聚变功率、聚变中子产额、第一壁(产氚包层)之后的中子通量的蒙塔-卡罗中子输运(MCNP)计算,对氦冷却固体增殖剂中子学和产氚包层模块(NT-TBM-HCSB)的聚变中子诊断提出概念性设计,本设计提出用固定位置微型裂变室探测器和可移动封装薄箔活化分析系统测量中子倍增器之后、固体氚增殖剂中及其后的中子通量;用可移动天然金刚石探测器的紧凑型能谱仪测量中子能谱。
