Fuzzy Model Free Adaptive Control for Rotor Blade Full-Scale Static Testing

To eliminate the node traction coupling during wind turbine blade full-scale static testing,a model free adaptive control algorithm is presented based on fuzzy control performance function compensation. Based on the universal model theory,the fuzzy model free adaptive control( FMFAC) algorithm is designed by configuring the spot static testing experiences as compensation function F( ·). Then the algorithm implementation process is provided and its quick convergence is proved. Using software to establish static load coupling model of multi-nodes,simulate and verify the validity of FMFAC algorithm,which is applied to wind turbines blade full-scale static testing. The results show that the adaptive decoupling ability of FMFAC is better. The traction of four load points can stay steady and change coordinately. Process error is not over ± 6 k N. The error rate is lower than 1% in special phase.This algorithm effectively eliminates the traction coupling of the static testing process,and makes wind turbine blade testing steadily.

Shaking table test and numerical analysis of offshore wind turbine tower systems controlled by TLCD

A wind turbine system equipped with a tuned liquid column damper （TLCD） is comprehensively studied via shaking table tests using a 1/13-scaled model. The effects of wind and wave actions are considered by inputting response- equivalent accelerations on the shaking table. The test results show that the control effect of the TLCD system is significant in reducing the responses under both wind-wave equivalent loads and ground motions, but obviously varies for different inputs, Further, a blade-hub-tower integrated numerical model for the wind turbine system is established. The model is capable of considering the rotational effect of blades by combining Kane＇s equation with the finite element method. The responses of the wind tower equipped with TLCD devices are numerically obtained and compared to the test results, showing that under both controlled and uncontrolled conditions with and without blades＇ rotation, the corresponding responses exhibit good agreement. This demonstrates that the proposed numerical model performs well in capturing the wind-wave coupled response of the offshore wind turbine systems under control. Both numerical and experimental results show that the TLCD system can significantly reduce the structural response and thus improve the safety and serviceability of the offshore wind turbine tower systems. Additional issues that require further study are discussed.

Study on soil-pile-structure-TMD interaction system by shaking table model test

The success of the tuned mass damper (TMD) in reducing wind-induced structural vibrations has been well established. However, from most of the recent numerical studies, it appears that for a structure situated on very soft soil, soil-structure interaction (SSI) could render a damper on the structure totally ineffective. In order to experimentally verify the SSI effect on the seismic performance of TMD, a series of shaking table model tests have been conducted and the results are presented in this paper. It has been shown that the TMD is not as effective in controlling the seismic responses of structures built on soft soil sites due to the SSI effect. Some test results also show that a TMD device might have a negative impact if the SSI effect is neglected and the structure is built on a soft soil site. For structures constructed on a soil foundation, this research verifies that the SSI effect must be carefully understood before a TMD control system is designed to determine if the control is necessary and if the SSI effect must be considered when choosing the optimal parameters of the TMD device.

Test and numerical simulation of a new type of hybrid control technique

In this paper, a new hybrid control technique, based on a combination of base-isolation and semi-active variable stiffness/damping in a superstructure, is presented. To illustrate the efficiency of the proposed control system, model tests on a mini-electromagnetic shaking table and a numerical simulation were performed. The test and numerical calculation results indicate that this new hybrid control mode with additional damping and smaller additional stiffness can achieve a better control efficiency.

Modeling and Experiment of a Morphing Wing Integrated with a Trailing Edge Control Actuation System

Morphing wing has attracted many research attention and effort in aircraft technology development because of its advantage in lift to draft ratio and flight performance.Morphing wing technology combines the lift and control surfaces into a seamless wing and integrates the primary structure together with the internal control system.It makes use of the wing aeroelastic deformation induced by the control surface to gain direct force control through desirable redistribution of aerodynamic forces.However some unknown mechanical parameters of the control system and complexity of the integrated structure become a main challenge for dynamic modeling of morphing wing.To solve the problem,a method of test data based modal sensitivity analysis is presented to improve the morphing wing FE model by evaluating the unknown parameters and identifying the modeling boundary conditions.An innovative seamless morphing wing with the structure integrated with a flexible trailing edge control system is presented for the investigation.An experimental model of actuation system driven by a servo motor for the morphing wing is designed and established.By performing a vibration test and the proposed modal sensitivity analysis,the unknown torsional stiffness of the servo motor and the boundary condition of the actuation mechanism model is identified and evaluated.Comparing with the test data,the average error of the first four modal frequency of the improved FE model is reduced significantly to less than 4%.To further investigate the morphing wing modeling,a wing box and then a whole morphing wing model including the skin and integrated with the trailing edge actuation system are established and tested.By using the proposed method,the FE model is improved by relaxing the constraint between the skin and actuation mechanism.The results show that the average error of the first three modal frequency of the improved FE model is reduced to less than 6%.The research results demonstrate that the presented seamless morphing wing integrated with a flexible trailing edge control surface can improve aerodynamic characteristics.By using the test data based modal sensitivity analysis method,the unknown parameter and boundary condition of the actuation model can be determined to improve the FE model.The problem in dynamic modeling of high accuracy for a morphing wing can be solved in an effective manner.

基于Arduino的SMA丝材智能修复损伤钢筋混凝土梁试验研究

为修复钢筋混凝土梁在使用阶段中由于材料老化、裂缝开展等原因造成的损伤,提出一种基于Arduino智能平台和形状记忆合金(Shape Memory Alloy,SMA,具有形状记忆效应和超弹性特性)的智能修复控制系统,根据挠度及裂缝控制原理,设计智能修复控制装置。该装置由输入模块、处理模块和输出模块组成,当检测到钢筋应变超过限值时,输出模块升高SMA丝材温度对梁体进行修复。为验证该智能修复装置的修复性能,设计对比梁A(无修复装置)与试验梁B(加装智能修复控制装置),在加载过程中对试验梁B进行3次修复,对2根梁的跨中挠度、钢筋应变及裂缝宽度等进行对比分析。结果表明:破坏时试验梁B的跨中挠度、裂缝宽度均小于对比梁A,并且在3次修复中试验梁B的跨中挠度、裂缝宽度和钢筋应变最大回复率分别为31.0%、47.0%和71.5%。说明该智能修复控制装置可以监测试验梁受损情况并激发SMA材料对试验梁实施修复,实现钢筋混凝土梁的智能修复。

基于数字孪生的安全稳定控制系统试验验证展望

随着新型电力系统建设的推进,安全稳定控制系统呈现出控制对象增多、控制范围增大、耦合性增强、复杂度增高的趋势,现有工程试验验证方法无法满足未来安全稳定控制系统试验验证需求。考虑到数字孪生技术具有高保真、实时性、交互性的特点,结合数字孪生技术的内涵、模型、架构,提出了基于数字孪生的安全稳定控制系统试验验证架构。最后,对所涉及的关键技术进行了展望。

MBSE在航空飞行控制系统的应用研究

现代飞机系统的复杂性不断增长,传统的开发方法在管理和维护方面变得越来越具有挑战性。首先,对航空飞控系统研发过程在当前系统工程实践方面进行了评估,阐述了传统开发方式的不足和基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)的核心原则和优点,以及在实现中常用的工具和方法;然后,展示了MBSE如何在飞行控制系统研发时使用模型来支持复杂系统的规范、设计、分析、验证和确认的过程;最后,结合先进的MBSE工具和方法的发展,MBSE结合敏捷的开发前景,以及提高MBSE实践的互操作性和标准化的需求对未来的研究方向进行了展望。本文研究为利用MBSE方法论和工具来改进飞行控制系统的设计、开发和性能感兴趣的航空工业专业人员、系统工程师提供资源和解决思路。

基于LSTM的试验系统控制策略设计

发动机试验是航空发动机开发与设计中的重要环节,空气管道系统作为发动机实验测试系统,发挥着重要作用。该文针对传统的人工调节先输出后反馈再控制的策略存在控制滞后、依赖调节经验的问题开展控制策略研究。构建压力试验系统的参数预测神经网络模型;以试验系统的目标压力和目标流量为依据,约束阀门调节方向,遍历所有的阀门开度生成策略表;将策略输入到预测模型,利用预测结果结合策略选取规则,得到最终的阀门调节策略。经过仿真与试验测试,该文提出的阀门调节策略将试验控制效率至少提高了30%,并且流量、压力控制精度优于1%。

镍浮选过程智能控制系统开发与应用

针对国内某选矿厂镍浮选工艺来矿性质不稳定、精矿品位波动大、回收率不理想的特点,结合浮选生产现场检测设备不完备或者检测周期长、费用高的现状,设计了一套基于品位预测模型的浮选过程智能控制系统,系统投入运行后,泡沫流速稳定性显著提高,精矿品位波动性明显减小,证明了系统的实用性。

基于矢量控制车辆交流异步电机控制系统分析

交流异步电机结构简单、运行可靠且成本低,特别适合于大型电传动自卸车的轮边驱动系统,而非线性特征对控制系统提出较高要求。根据某车辆交流异步电机的运行特点,获取关键特征参数描述方程;基于矢量控制原理,对电机的控制系统进行设计,搭建控制模型;基于Simulink搭建控制系统的分析模型,对模型的转速和转矩控制进行验证分析;选取单次和两次阶跃转速、缓慢加速及带负载运行等工况进行分析,获取转速、输出转矩、电流等参数变化情况;参考实际车辆的运行特征,搭建异步交流电机控制系统测试台架,选取不同负载工况运行,对控制系统的特性进行分析,并对数学模型和仿真模型进行验证。分析结果可知:采用矢量控制系统,电机运行转态良好;不同的运行工况下,电机响应迅速,关键参数波动较小,整体保持稳定;在控制系统作用下,基频以下运行时,通过电压补偿,实现了恒转速调速运行;而超过基频率时,满足负载工况的情况下,系统实现了恒功率调速;电机的效率最高达到90%以上,随负载增加而提升,控制系统使得电机呈现出良好的优势;试验测试结果表明所搭建的控制系统是有效的,分析模型是可靠的,为此类设计研究提供参考。

无粘结环锚预应力衬砌张拉工艺足尺模型试验研究

针对预应力衬砌张拉过程中易出现应力集中而导致张拉裂缝的现象,通过开展洞外地面足尺模型试验,提出了分级分步张拉顺序和质量控制指标。首先根据钢绞线摩阻测试计算出摩擦系数,随后应用上述张拉顺序和质量控制方法进行自动张拉,并采用磁通量传感器和混凝土应变计分别对钢绞线和内衬混凝土的应力变化开展实测。现场张拉试验结果表明:①钢绞线沿程预应力损失约16.3%,采用的双层钢绞线在实践中可保证较高的有效预应力;②对锚具槽进行分级分步张拉,可使内衬混凝土获得较均匀的封闭环向压应力环,平均压应力达-10.9 MPa;③提出的3项控制指标可进行量化管理,结合自动张拉技术可有效地保证张拉质量。

UML2.0 Testing Profile到TTCN-3的映射研究

分析了U2TP与标准化测试描述语言测试和测试控制标记法之间的对应关系,提出了一种从U2TP到测试和测试控制标记法的映射方法,并给出了一个图书馆借阅系统的应用实例。应用该映射方法,可在建模初期基于系统模型构造完整的测试思想,从而在初始阶段就能够有效限定测试例的数量并产生真正有价值的测试例。

基于模型演化的列控车载设备组合测试案例重构方法

车载设备作为列控系统的关键设备之一,其测试需求在不断迭代。测试案例重构通过更新原有组合测试集覆盖变更的测试需求,实现对测试案例的高效重用,对生成演化后的测试集具有重要意义。根据车载设备输入模型的变化情况,提出一种基于模型演化的测试集重构方法。首先,通过比较演化前后组合模型的差异性,辨识出失效和新增的测试需求,并结合测试参数、参数取值、约束可能出现的演化情况分析两类测试需求的具体构成;其次,基于演化后的组合模型,依次采取修改、扩充、新增3个步骤重构原有测试集,修改不满足变更测试需求的原有案例,扩充新增参数取值,新增案例覆盖剩余测试需求;之后,根据约束间的相容性,将互不干扰的多条约束置于1条测试案例集中处理以精简测试集;最终,得到完备覆盖所有演化后测试需求的组合测试集。以车载设备模式转换等3种场景为例,对本方法进行了验证,研究结果表明:相较于现有方法,本方法能更充分地重用原有案例,测试集总体重合度提高了7.82%,后续人工修改测试案例文档的工作量相应减少,时间成本可降低18.26%。

水翼船的横摇控制

将一条模型尺度的全浸没式水翼艇作为案例船开展横摇控制研究。采用模型预测控制算法有效处理水翼失速角等约束条件,同时限制水翼的大幅剧烈运动,兼顾横摇姿态控制和执行机构保护的双重目标。在预测模型中增添预测偏差量作为前馈项,用以消除稳态误差,对常规模型预测控制算法做出一个重要改进。将案例船配备推进系统和可控水翼进行横摇控制航行试验,结果清晰展示了改进型模型预测控制器的横摇控制效果,这对水翼船的姿态控制研究具有重要借鉴意义。

某跨海大桥人工岛越浪及防洪排涝能力验证

为保证某跨海大桥在更恶劣极端气象条件下的安全性和可靠度,配合主体工程人工岛防洪排涝设施的设计工作,实施开展了两项波浪物理模型试验来对人工岛排水设施设计方案进行验证及优化。根据试验技术要求,在不同波浪要素、不同挡浪墙顶高程和戗台宽度条件下,测定人工岛南、北两侧护岸顶部的越浪量、最大上水高度和人工岛漫滩情况,并对越浪排水设施的排水能力进行复核。研究中先后验证了南、北侧两护岸原设计方案在初始设计工况和更极端的补充复核工况波浪作用下能否满足越浪排洪的要求,并优化设计方案以满足更极端条件下的排水要求,为本项国家重点工程的设计提供了科学的试验研究依据。研究成果成功应用到了工程实践,在近几年数次超强台风侵袭下,工程未发生任何破坏,避免了人员伤亡和经济损失。

邮轮舱室噪声控制模型试验

以邮轮舱室为对象,建立完整的二层二居邮轮舱室模型。采用两种降噪技术,分别为黏弹性阻尼+钢片和黏弹性阻尼+钢片+矿物棉。依据相关规范要求进行邮轮舱室噪声控制模型试验,测量舱室和走廊的隔声量。结果表明,采用两种降噪技术的舱室,其噪声均达到低于45 dB的规范要求,且在噪声频率高于315 Hz时隔声量均达30 dB以上。所采用的两种降噪技术在邮轮舱室噪声控制中具有一定的适用性。

机电综合控制系统仿真试验平台设计

随着航空电子技术的不断发展,传统机电系统采用的各分系统独立设计方法已无法满足现代飞机的使用需求,机电综合控制优势进一步突显。在开展系统综合设计时,为验证系统控制逻辑设计的正确性、合理性和可行性,需要搭建试验环境。但是,由于各分系统间关联紧密,信号接口种类众多,且与飞机各项飞行参数交互,单一系统控制逻辑验证经济性差、效率低,无法检查大系统工作协调性和各分系统交叉耦合影响。为解决上述问题,提出一种机电综合控制系统仿真试验平台设计方法,能够实现系统全生命周期试验验证,保证系统的安全性和可靠性。

基于气动方程的列车管路充排气数学模型

智能化制动试验系统的核心是建立不同编组列车首车制动压力控制模型。从气动力学方程入手,建立了不同编组列车首车列车管充排气特性数学模型,该模型考虑了编组列车除首车之外的其余车辆充排气特性对首车列车管气压变化的影响。提出通过对制动阀有效截面积的设计计算,并带入所建立的数学模型中进行仿真试验,从而对研制新制动阀以及改进或检修制动阀提供理论基础与技术指导。利用列车制动试验台得到的试验数据与仿真结果进行对比分析,验证模型的准确性,并预测了更长编组列车首车列车管的初充气及常用制动时的气压数据。

基于模型试验的某矿区地下开采过程中采场稳定性研究

目的:围岩稳定性是岩土工程界重要研究内容之一,较差的围岩可能会使地下工程如隧道、矿井等发生坍塌。因此,为了确保地下工程的安全施工和稳定性,对围岩稳定性的研究至关重要。方法:本研究在充分调查某矿区某矿段采场结构参数及对地压控制研究分析后,基于矿体的赋存条件、地质产状以及顶底板的实际情况,选取了某矿段中比较有代表性的剖面,采用相似模型试验的方法,围绕点柱控顶建立室内相似试验模型,对该矿地下开采过程中采场的稳定性进行模拟分析。结果:随着矿体倾角的增大,围岩变形随之增大。在完全空场条件下,即只留中段矿柱,不留点柱,顶板会发生大面积破坏,并有可能出现地表塌陷,造成安全事故。结论:本研究要预留点柱控制地压,防治冲击地压。意义:研究成果对指导该矿区矿体的安全开采和利用具有重要的理论和实践意义。