Random testing for system-level functional verification of system-on-chip

In order to deal with the limitations during the register transfer level verification, a new functional verification method based on the random testing for the system-level of system-on-chip is proposed.The validity of this method is proven theoretically.Specifically, testcases are generated according to many approaches of randomization.Moreover, the testbench for the system-level verification according to the proposed method is designed by using advanced modeling language.Therefore, under the circumstances that the testbench generates testcases quickly, the hardware/software co-simulation and co-verification can be implemented and the hardware/software partitioning planning can be evaluated easily.The comparison method is put to use in the evaluation approach of the testing validity.The evaluation result indicates that the efficiency of the partition testing is better than that of the random testing only when one or more subdomains are covered over with the area of errors, although the efficiency of the random testing is generally better than that of the partition testing.The experimental result indicates that this method has a good performance in the functional coverage and the cost of testing and can discover the functional errors as soon as possible.

RADIOACTIVITY LEVEL OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS AROUND XINJIANG NUCLEAR TESTING SITE AND ESTIMATED POPULATION DOSE

Results are reported on a research for the radioactive level in the investigation region and the control region around the Xinjiang Nuclear Testing Site from 1982 to 1987. There are no significant differences on the land γ radiation level, nor in the radioactive level in the soil, food and water between the two regions. The distribution and transfer of 90Sr, 137Cs and Pu in various kinds of soil are also discussed. It is estimated that the effective dose equivalent of radiation, undergone by the residents around the Testing Site is only 2.9% of that of natural radiation taken yearly by people in normal areas.

An Operational Test Method for VSC-HVDC Valves Based on Modular Multi-level Converters

为给基于模块化多电平换流器（modular multi-levelconverter,MMC）的电压源换流器高压直流输电（voltagesourced converter HVDC,VSC-HVDC）换流阀提供有效的检验手段,以验证其设计的正确性及其运行可靠性,对换流阀的运行特性和关键应力进行分析,提出基于原理等效的MMC阀运行试验方法,设计试验电路并阐明其运行机理。搭建的PSCAD电磁暂态仿真模型和实际的试验验证证明了试验方法的正确性和有效性。

Model test of the influence of cyclic water level fluctuations on a landslide

Many landslides in reservoir areas continuously deform under cyclic water level fluctuations due to reservoir operations. In this paper,a landslide model, developed for a typical colluvial landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, is used to study the effect of cyclic water level fluctuations on the landslide. Five cyclic water level fluctuations were implemented in the test, and the fluctuation rate in the last two fluctuations doubled over the first three fluctuations. The pore water pressure and lateral landslide profiles were obtained during the test. A measurement of the landslide soil loss was proposed to quantitatively evaluate the influence of water level fluctuations. The test results show that the first water level rising is most negative to the landslide among the five cycles. The fourth drawdown with a higher drawdown rate caused further large landslide deformation. An increase of the water level drawdown rate is much more unfavorable to the landslide than an increase of the water level rising rate. In addition, the landslide was found to have an adaptive ability to resist subsequent water level fluctuations after undergoing large deformation during a water level fluctuation. The landslide deformation and observations in the field were found to support the test results well.

A Comprehensive Guide for Selecting Appropriate Statistical Tests: Understanding When to Use Parametric and Nonparametric Tests

Choosing appropriate statistical tests is crucial but deciding which tests to use can be challenging. Different tests suit different types of data and research questions, so it is important to choose the right one. Knowing how to select an appropriate test can lead to more accurate results. Invalid results and misleading conclusions may be drawn from a study if an incorrect statistical test is used. Therefore, to avoid these it is essential to understand the nature of the data, the research question, and the assumptions of the tests before selecting one. This is because there are a wide variety of tests available. This paper provides a step-by-step approach to selecting the right statistical test for any study, with an explanation of when it is appropriate to use it and relevant examples of each statistical test. Furthermore, this guide provides a comprehensive overview of the assumptions of each test and what to do if these assumptions are violated.

A Comprehensive Guide for Selecting Appropriate Statistical Tests: Understanding When to Use Parametric and Nonparametric Tests

Choosing appropriate statistical tests is crucial but deciding which tests to use can be challenging. Different tests suit different types of data and research questions, so it is important to choose the right one. Knowing how to select an appropriate test can lead to more accurate results. Invalid results and misleading conclusions may be drawn from a study if an incorrect statistical test is used. Therefore, to avoid these it is essential to understand the nature of the data, the research question, and the assumptions of the tests before selecting one. This is because there are a wide variety of tests available. This paper provides a step-by-step approach to selecting the right statistical test for any study, with an explanation of when it is appropriate to use it and relevant examples of each statistical test. Furthermore, this guide provides a comprehensive overview of the assumptions of each test and what to do if these assumptions are violated.

合理确定排涝泵站规模的感潮河道模型试验研究

合理确定泵站规模一直是感潮河道排涝工程设计中的关键问题。通过建立物理模型,在选定的水文边界条件和相应工程运行要求下,对某感潮水系两座涌口泵站规模进行试验研究。试验发现,受限于河涌过流能力,泵站规模存在临界值,超过该值后,即使再进一步增加泵站规模,水位也不会继续下降;泵站抽排对某位置水位的降低效应与泵站和该位置之间的距离密切相关,距离越近,水位降低越明显。基于上述认识,通过试验确定了满足水位管控要求的两座泵站规模的合理组合:距离相对较远的温涌泵站为80 m3/s,较近的金紫涌泵站为130 m~3/s。试验方法和主要成果可为工程方案比选及优化提供重要依据,对类似河涌整治工程也具有一定的借鉴意义。

大跨度公铁双层斜拉桥主梁涡激共振机理与控制

以拟建的某主跨808 m公铁双层斜拉桥为工程依托,采用节段模型风洞试验研究不同攻角下双层桁架梁断面的涡振性能及5种气动控制措施的抑振效果,结合计算流体动力学(CFD)静态绕流模拟,对比分析双层桁架梁断面的涡振机理及控制方法.研究表明:主梁断面原设计方案在+3°和0°风攻角下存在明显的竖向和扭转涡振现象,且振幅超过规范允许值;间隔封闭上层桥面栏杆或增设抑流板可有效抑制主梁扭转涡振,但竖向涡振振幅仍不满足规范要求;上弦杆外侧增设风嘴可有效抑制主梁竖向和扭转涡振,而下弦杆外侧增设风嘴对主梁涡振抑振效果有限.气流经主梁原设计断面上层桥面分离后,在其上下表面形成周期性脱落的大尺度旋涡,并在上层桥面后部再附,这是主梁发生竖向涡振的主要诱因;上弦杆外侧增设风嘴可引导气流平稳通过上层桥面,消除了周期性的旋涡脱落,并在其上表面形成一段狭长“回流区”,从而有效抑制了涡振的发生.

强化培训及模拟测试方法在住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的研究考前强化培训及模拟测试方法在住院医师规范化培训(以下简称“住培”)过程中的应用效果,提高住培医师的培训质量与考核成绩。方法选取广州医科大学附属第一医院2020年11月及2021年12月参加水平测试的内科住培医师作为研究对象,于2021年起在“三大考”前进行强化培训,特别是对末位15%的学员进行个别辅导,并使用模拟考试(包括执业医师模拟考试及水平测试模拟考试)的方法以提高住培学员的最终考试成绩,随后比较2020年、2021年内科住培医师的业务水平测试(简称水平测试)考核结果及执业医师考试结果,分析强化培训与模拟考试的培训效果。结果通过考前强化培训,2021年的水平测试成绩较2020年有进步。2021年住培医师水平测试平均全国百分位为(73.90±23.29)%,高于2020年度的(55.23±28.52)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2021年住培医师水平测试平均全省百分位为(64.44±26.85)%,高于2020年度的(40.72±28.69)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。2020年度广州医科大学附属第一医院内科执业医师考试参加考试人数为20名,通过19名,通过率为95.00%;2021年度广州医科大学附属第一医院内科执业医师考试参加考试人数为24名,通过23名,通过率为95.83%。2020、2021年度的执业医师考试通过率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),连续2年均保持高通过率。2021年,第3、4、5次水平模拟考试成绩均高于第1、2次,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论通过考前多方面强化培训,及时发现问题并反馈住培医师模拟考试结果,根据模拟考试成绩因材施教,可显著提高整体的水平测试考核成绩;通过加强理论授课及过程管理,可以达到培养优秀临床医师、提高住培质量的目的。

系统级单粒子效应试验方法研究

为评估星载电子系统抗单粒子效应敏感性及验证系统级加固方法有效性,本文开展了系统级单粒子效应试验方法的相关研究。验证了采用地面模拟装置以逐一辐照系统中器件方式评估系统功能中断率的可行性,提出可通过多种方式获取器件的敏感性数据,指出直接将系统中器件对应的功能中断截面进行加和求取系统截面曲线的不合理之处,本研究为开展系统级单粒子效应试验提供了技术支撑。

防雷插座电压保护水平试验方法解析

本文解析了防雷插座电压保护水平的试验方法。首先,介绍了用于测试防雷插座电压保护水平两个常用标准IEC61643-11和UL1449的不同要求。其次,基于IEC61643-11和UL1449标准对防雷插座电压保护水平进行试验及分析。最后,总结了两种测试方法的优缺点,并指出在实际应用中应根据具体需求选择适合的测试方法,以确保防雷插座的性能和质量。

灌木平茬机切割系统参数优化设计与验证

为分析圆盘锯式切割系统的切割机理,在Solidworks中建立单组圆盘锯及灌木枝条的简化模型,并在动力学分析软件ABAQUS中进行仿真分析,研究灌木切割过程中工作参数与圆锯片参数的关系。同时,以锯片转速、行进速度、枝径为影响因素,以锯切力为评价指标,对其影响的因素进行虚拟正交试验,并用Design Expert动态响应软件进行分析,得到响应面回归方程,得知当圆锯转速为2500r/min、前进速度为0.9m/s时平茬效果较好。用小型灌木平茬机上进行实地试验,结果表明破茬率和留茬高度均能满足农艺要求。

Design and development of large-scale in-situ PRACLAY heater test and horizontal high-level radioactive waste disposal gallery seal test in Belgian HADES

In Belgium,the Boom clay was selected as a potential host formation for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste（HLW）.To demonstrate the suitability of Boom clay for bearing thermal load induced by the HLW,a large-scale in-situ heater test,called PRACLAY heater test,will be conducted in the underground research laboratory（URL） in Mol.Owing to the limitations of the test（a short period of time compared with that considered in a real repository,different boundary conditions,etc.）,the test is designed to simulate,in a conservative way,the most critical state and phenomena that could occur in the host rock.The PRACLAY gallery was excavated at the end of 2007;the heating phase will begin in 2010 and will last for at least 10 years.The PRACLAY gallery itself leaves an opportunity to study the possibilities of sealing a disposal drift in Boom clay and testing the feasibility of hydraulic cut-off of any preferential pathway to the main access gallery through the excavation damage zone（EDZ） and the lining with a seal in a horizontal drift（horizontal seal）.Indeed,this is a generic problem for all deep geological disposal facilities for HLW.An annular seal made of compacted swelling bentonite will be installed in the front of the heated part of the PRACLAY gallery for these purposes.This paper provides detailed considerations on the thermo-hydro-mechanical（THM） boundary conditions for the design of the PRACLAY heater test and the seal test with the support of numerical calculations.It is believed that these important items considered in the PRACLAY heater test design also constitute key issues for the repository design.The outcome of the PRACLAY heater test will be an important milestone for the Belgian repository design.

基于正弦式波纹膜片的压差式FBG静力水准仪

为解决建筑物不均匀沉降长期、可靠监测的问题,基于连通器原理,推导了膜片半径r、刚度K、光纤自由段长度l、波长变化量Δλ_(B)等参数和沉降量的线性关系式。以此设计了带有正弦式波纹膜片的压差式光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)静力水准仪,并通过标定试验验证压差式FBG静力水准仪的传感性能。结果表明:此静力水准仪灵敏度不小于13.2 pm/mm,综合误差不大于3.26%,相关性系数均在0.99以上。该型静力水准仪传感性能满足工程结构沉降测量的要求,丰富了FBG静力水准仪的研究,具有理论和现实意义。

墙顶支撑对开挖前抽水引发基坑变形控制效果研究

基坑内抽水可诱发基坑围挡向坑内偏转并进而导致坑外土体随动沉降;在基坑土方开挖前,由于基坑内的支撑体系尚不能被完整架设,仅坑内土体可起到约束围挡变形的作用,此时,坑内抽水引起的围挡偏转十分明显。本文系统研究了围挡顶部支撑对土方开挖前抽水引发基坑变形的控制效果,首先通过抽水试验探究了坑内外强水力连通时墙顶支撑对抽水引发基坑变形的影响,并建立了三维数值计算模型,研究了若干典型参数(如,坑内降水深度等)对围挡顶部支撑控制基坑变形效果的影响。研究发现,围挡顶部支撑仅能有效限制浅埋范围内的围挡侧移(本文约埋深11 m范围内),对深埋位置围挡侧移的限制效果十分有限,且随着降水深度的增加,变形控制效果越弱;对于开挖前抽水深度较大的工程,仅采用围挡顶部设置支撑的方法可能无法有效限制围挡侧移的发展;另外,围挡顶部支撑仅能有效限制基坑围挡后方一定范围内(本文约10 m)的地表沉降,且当坑内外有水力联系时,由于坑外水位下降是引起地面沉降的主导因素,围挡顶部支撑并不能明显体现限制坑外最大地面沉降的作用,此时,应结合坑外地下水回灌进行沉降控制。

基于ZYNQ MPSOC的以太网PHY芯片功能测试方法

随着以太网技术和集成电路技术的发展,以太网物理层(Physical Layer,PHY)芯片的速率和性能都得到了极大提升,电路复杂度更是几何级增长,以至于常规的自动测试设备(Automatic Test Equipment,ATE)测试很难充分验证其功能,所以亟需开展相应测试方法研究。提出了一种高效的基于ZYNQ MPSOC的以太网PHY芯片功能测试方法。该方法以ZYNQ MPSOC为核心,设计了一种直达应用层面的系统级测试装置,从而减少了与物理层直接交互的行为,有效降低了测试装置及程序开发难度。经试验验证,提出的基于ZYNQ MPSOC的以太网PHY芯片功能测试方法能够用于以太网PHY芯片测试。

基于Transformer的DC/DC板级验证状态识别

为满足航天产品的高精度、高可靠性需求,实现元器件自主可控、芯片国产化及应用适应性验证十分必要,设计一种基于FPGA的国产DC/DC板级综合测试平台。在长时间的热学环境适应性板级验证项目中,为实现DC/DC器件应用板卡工作状态的实时监测,提出一种基于Transformer的智能识别算法。分别使用空载、负载电流3 A、负载电流5 A、高输入电压、低输入电压、短路状态下的DC DC输出序列,输入到Transformer模型中并利用注意力机制提取各序列的全局注意力特征,并对深度学习模型进行训练。实验结果表明,对于此6种工作状态数据集,Transformer模型识别的准确率为99.2%,具备良好的分类和监测性能,具有一定的工程应用价值。

1954—2020年太湖水位变化的时空差异特征分析

为探究太湖水位变化的时空差异特征,基于太湖1954—2020年实测水位数据,对太湖的年平均水位、年最高水位、年最低水位以及逐年水位空间变化,采用M-K突变检验等方法开展研究并结合太湖进出水量变化分析原因。结果表明,随着太湖湖体入湖水量的增加,太湖年平均水位及年最低水位均呈上升趋势,且在突变年份之后显著上升;年最高水位也呈上升趋势,但在突变年份后变化不明显。

指向学业质量标准的考生表现评价研究——以2023年天津市普通高中学业水平等级性考试生物学试题为例

以《普通高中生物学课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》中的学业质量水平为依据,构建学业质量水平评价框架和试卷结构分析表,分析2023年天津市普通高中学业水平等级性考试生物学试卷考查内容与课程标准和教材内容的一致性,以及考生在几个核心素养要求上的作答表现。结合研究结果,提出要帮助学生构建知识网络,形成完整的知识体系;要推进生物学实验教学多样化设计;要以具体情境为载体,发展科学思维的同时渗透社会责任等教学改进建议。

探究县级农产品检测机构检测能力的高效形成与发挥策略

农产品质量安全监管的主要阵地在广大农村,而农产品质量安全检测是农产品质量安全监管的重要技术支撑,县级农产品检测机构高效地发挥本机构的检测能力显得尤为重要。本文从阻碍县级农产品检测机构检测能力快速形成存在的问题出发,结合笔者10年以上的县级农产品检测机构工作经验,就如何快速形成检测能力,高效地发挥检测能力进行分析和探讨。