From concept to reality-A review to the primary test stand and its preliminary application in high energy density physics

Pulsed power technology,whereas the electrical energy stored in a relative long period is released in much shorter timescale,is an efficient method to create high energy density physics(HEDP)conditions in laboratory.Around the beginning of this century,China Academy of Engineering Physics(CAEP)began to build some experimental facilities for HEDP investigations,among which the Primary Test Stand(PTS),a multi-module pulsed power facility with a nominal current of 10 MA and a current rising time~90 ns,is an important achievement on the roadmap of the electro-magnetically driven inertial confinement fusion(ICF)researches.PTS is the first pulsed power facility beyond 10 TW in China.Therefore,all the technologies have to be demonstrated,and all the engineering issues have to be overcome.In this article,the research outline,key technologies and the preliminary HEDP experiments are reviewed.Prospects on HEDP research on PTS and pulsed power development for the next step are also discussed.

DEVELOPMENT OF PT PUMP AND INJECTOR TEST STANDS FOR CUMMINS ENGINE

The type PT-821 PT Pump test stand and type PT-881 injector test stand are a set of special test stands for calibration of PT Pumps and injectors of Cummins engines. Both test stands may be used in conjunction with any model of Bosch injection pump test benches for PT Pumps and injector calibration. During PT Pump calibration, the type PT-821 test stand should be used in conjunction with a Bosch injection pump lest bench. The PT Pump to be tested is installed on the Bosch injection pump test bench through a mounting bracket and is driven by the bench shaft. When calibrating PT injectors, both the PT-881 injector test stand and the PT-821 PT Pump test stand should be used in conjunction with a Bosch injection pump test bench, with the PT-881 injector test stand installed on Bosch test bench. The injector to be tested is driven by the Bosch injection pump test bench through a coupling. This paper describes the structure and function of the PT-821 PT Pump test stand and PT-881 injector test stand. Some technical problems arc described in detail.

Numerical study on magneto-Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities for thin liner implosions on the primary test stand facility

The thin aluminum liners with an aspect ratio R/?r 1 have been imploded on the primary test stand(PTS) facility,where R is the outer radius of the liner and ?r is the thickness. The x-ray self-emission images present azimuthally correlated perturbations in the liner implosions. The experiments show that at-10 ns before the stagnation, the wavelengths of perturbation are about 0.93 mm and 1.67 mm for the small-radius and large-radius liners, respectively. We have utilized the resistive magnetohydrodynamic code PLUTO to study the development of magneto-Rayleigh–Taylor(MRT) instabilities under experimental conditions. The calculated perturbation amplitudes are consistent with the experimental observations very well. We have found that both mode coupling and long implosion distance are responsible for the more developed instabilities in the large-radius liner implosions.

Development of a 500 MHz high power RF test stand

A flexible high power RF test stand has been designed and constructed at IHEP to test a variety of 500 MHz superconducting RF components for the upgrade project of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider （BEPC ）, such as the input coupler, the higher order modes （HOMs） absorber and so on. A high power input coupler has been conditioned and tested with the RF power up to 250 kW in continuous wave （CW）, traveling wave （TW） mode and 150 kW CW in standing wave （SW） mode. A prototype of the HOMs absorber has been tested to absorb power of 4.4 kW. An introduction of the test stand design, construction and high power tests is presented in this paper.

基于TestStand的DCS系统级冗余功能自动测试方法

阐述基于Test Stand自动化测试管理框架在集散控制系统(DCS)系统级冗余功能测试上的应用。冗余功能是保证DCS稳定性和可靠性的典型容错技术,其实现方法是当正在运行的子系统出现故障时,将其从系统中切除,并尽快将备用子系统投入应用。该过程本身需要进行详尽的测试,保证切换机制、切换前后系统输入输出以及程序处理符合预期;同时该过程的测试和DCS基本功能需同时进行,观察项、激励源种类多。用Lab VIEW语言编写子模块控制NI板卡和仪表,给系统激励,采集系统输出;用Python语言编写协议层相关函数,给控制器注入故障、模拟上位机操作等。Test Stand自动化测试框架统一并行调度子模块和函数,形成测试序列,提高该项测试的覆盖率、频率、强度、一致性。

Effects of Tuned Mass Damper on Wind-Induced Vibration of Free Standing Pylon by Wind Tunnel Test

In order to assess the effects of tuned mass dampers （TMDs） on wind actions, an aeroelastic model with a scale of 1：60 was constructed. Tests were performed in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel to investigate the buffeting response of the pylon with a TMD fixed by a wire rope instead of a spring. The model was tested under different levels of damping. The experimental and numerical results showed that with the TMD in the optimal condition, the buffeting response was reduced by 47%.

曲线轨道式隔震装置的结构优化与应用研究

针对浮放物体的防震保护需求,研发出一款基于新型抗侧移组件的曲线轨道式隔震装置。阐述它的构造特点和运行机制,并依据结构原理制作模型,通过试验与理论对比来检验模型的运行质量进而验证方案的可行性。然后结合雨花阁内文物来设计样机,采用多条楼面波进行样机的振动台试验,测试其隔震效果。最后探讨建筑滤波效应对该类隔震装置设计的影响。研究结果表明:曲线轨道式隔震装置经优化后不仅零部件功能清晰,结构简单易加工,而且具备整体性强、运行质量高以及后期可扩展等优势。试验模型的零部件能充分发挥各自功能,尤其是抗侧移组件极大提高了模型的稳定性和可靠性,理论分析与试验结果吻合良好。结合案例所设计的样机虽具有较好的隔震性能,但限于非线性双自由度的结构特点,重复试验的响应结果存在差异,工程应用中应予以重视。当楼面波不易获取且隔震装置周期远离建筑自振周期时,依据楼面加速度放大系数,将调幅后的原始波作为隔震装置设计依据是可行的且结果偏保守。

隔震装置阻尼机构的参数设计与振动台试验

为了改善浮放物体隔震装置中阻尼力的施加方式,研制出一款阻尼机构。对其构造和工作机理进行阐述,推导出了它的力学特征表达式,并验证了分析模型的准确性。结合某文物隔震装置的目标性能,利用数值方法对阻尼机构的参数进行设计,并对比振动台试验。结果表明:该阻尼机构结构简单,性能稳定;经阻尼参数优化后的隔震装置在满足位移限值的情况下达到了设定的隔震目标;试验与数值分析结果相吻合,证明了阻尼机构参数设计的正确性,同时也检验了隔震装置的安装和运行质量。其中,试验与数值分析结果的吻合程度,尤其是位移时程曲线的吻合程度,可为浮放物体隔震装置的方案对比和质量评估提供思路。

针刀松解联合Mulligan手法治疗中期膝骨关节炎临床观察

目的:观察针刀松解联合Mulligan手法治疗中度膝骨关节炎的临床效果。方法:选取2019年9月至2020年9月上海中医药大学附属龙华医院和上海中医药大学附属龙华医院金山分院门诊收治的KOA患者120例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为针刀组、手法组和联合组,每组40例。针刀组采用单纯针刀治疗,手法组采用Mulligan手法治疗,联合组采用针刀联合Mulligan手法治疗。分别观察2组患者治疗前、治疗后及随访24周骨关节炎指数、疼痛视觉模拟评分变化情况、5次坐立试验情况和2组患者临床疗效情况。结果:与针刀组、手法组比较,联合组在治疗后和随访24周,在疼痛视觉模拟评分、骨关节炎指数评分和5次坐立试验情况改善方面差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01),联合组临床疗效总有效率为97.50%,明显优于针刀组(92.10%)和手法组(75.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:针刀联合Mulligan手法治疗中度膝骨关节炎,在改善患者关节疼痛、僵硬和活动不利等症状在近期与远期疗效方面均效果显著,值得临床推广应用。

水下控制系统测试台设计及试验研究

针对水下控制模块测试需求,文中设计了一种多功能水下控制模块测试台。水下控制模块(SCM)作为水下生产系统的核心部分,其安装成本高、难度大,且不便于在水下维护,因此,在其入水前必须对其进行严格的功能测试,确保在水下工作的可靠性。首先,对关于水下控制模块测试的相关技术和标准进行研究,得出水下控制模块在测试台上进行的测试主要包括内部静水压力测试、液压内部泄漏测试和液压系统功能测试;然后,基于被测水下控制模块的性能指标对测试台的机械结构和液压系统进行了设计,并对上述测试内容的测试方法进行了研究;最后,通过试验对测试台的测试功能进行验证。文中研究为我国设计和研制国产水下生产系统测试设备提供了宝贵经验。

某主燃油泵调节器最小燃油流量不合格故障研究

针对某主燃油泵调节器随发动机试车检查最小燃油流量不合格故障产生的原因,结合发动机工作原理,开展了故障分析及相关改进措施验证;最终确定故障原因为燃油泵调节器调整试验器的测量系统涡轮流量计管路设计前置长度较短、漩涡流动增强、测量误差大导致。通过对试验器系统原理分析,制定改进行措施,在安装测量系统涡轮流量计时,增加其上游直管段长度排除了主燃油泵调节器外场试车最小燃油量不合格故障,而且为后续燃油泵试验器测量系统的设计提供了参考依据,这既保证了发动机工作的可靠性和安全性,同时也提高了试验器测量系统的测量精度。

直立锁边金属屋面系统抗风设计与结构承载力试验

直立锁边金属屋面因抗风揭强度不足常出现风揭破坏。为了详细分析直立锁边金属屋面系统的抗风揭性能,首先,提出了抗风设计关键技术问题。然后,对屋面关键部位的风荷载计算和屋面系统的结构抗力进行研究。最后,对如何选择抗风揭试验方法来获得结构承载力进行对比分析。结果表明,在计算屋面风荷载时,应重点关注局部关键部位,采取规范计算和风洞试验相结合的方法进行验证;在确定直立锁边金属屋面系统结构承载力时,需综合考虑抗风揭静态和动态试验结果。

Room-temperature test system for 162.5 MHz high-power couplers

Fundamental power couplers are crucial components for feeding radio frequency power to accelerating cavities. Couplers must be tested and conditioned on a room-temperature test stand to evaluate and potentially improve their performance before being installed in an accelerating cavity. A new test system has been designed and is under construction at the institute of modern physics.For this test system, multiple conditioning modes, including the pulse mode, CW mode, and amplitude-sweeping mode, have been embedded in the low-level radio frequency system of the test stand. All of these conditioning modes can be run manually or automatically. In addition, a novel test cavity is proposed and has been designed, which facilitates non-contact conditioning and a multi-purpose test stand.

First normative reference of standing long jump indicates gender difference in lower muscular strength of Macedonian school children

Background: This is the first study to publish the normative reference values for assessment of the level of muscular strength through the “standing long jump” test carried out on a large sample of Macedonian school children. The normative values encompass a wide span of years (6 - 18). Methods: The research was realized in a large sample of 12618 school children at the age of 6 to 18 years from Macedonia. The sample was divided in 14 groups, according to chronological age and each age group was divided into two subgroups according to the criteria of gender. For estimation of the morphologic characteristics, the following anthropometric measures have been applied: body height in standing position (cm), body weight (kg), as well as the body mass index (BMI). Children aged 6 or above were invited to take a standing long jump test. Results: Boys show statistically better results in all age categories in the standing long jump test than girls, and these differences become bigger with the increase of age, especially after the 14th year

Standing,Periodic and Solitary Waves in (1+1)-Dimensional Caudry-Dodd-Gibbon-Sawada-Kortera System

In the paper, the variable separation approach, homoclinic test technique and bilinear method are successfullyextended to a (1+1)-dimensional Caudry-Dodd-Gibbon-Sawada-Kortera (CDGSK) system, respectively.Basedon the derived exact solutions, some significant types of localized excitations such as standing waves, periodic waves,solitary waves are simultaneously derived from the (1+1)-dimensional Caudry-Dodd-Gibbon-Sawada-Kortera systemby entrancing appropriate parameters.

SARS-CoV-2核酸提取前样本混匀后不同静置时间对假阴性结果影响的初步探讨

目的探讨新型冠状病毒在治疗初期和治疗后期的核酸检测情况,分析假阴性结果出现的实验因素。方法所有样本来源于1例COVID-19确诊病例患者在住院治疗期间,入院后治疗的前6 d设为治疗初期,这期间送检的6个鼻咽拭子编号为1、2、3、4、5、6,设为A组。在出院前一周的治疗设为治疗后期,这期间送检的6个鼻咽拭子编号为7、8、9、10、11、12,设为B组。将A组和B组的12个样本充分混匀后,每个样本以每管200 ul的液量分装到四个不同的1.5 mL EP管中,第一管即刻加样提取,第二管静置5 min加样提取,第三管静置15 min加样提取,第四管静置30 min加样提取,RT-PCR扩增。用Pearson积矩相关分析比较A组的N基因和ORF1ab基因Ct值的相关系数,并用MedCalc软件绘制Bland-Altman曲线进行一致性分析。用Excel 2016比较B组的结果。结果治疗初期A组N基因Ct值0 min与其余3种静置时间两两比较,结果具有较好的一致性;而ORF1ab基因Ct值0 min与30 min一致性较差。治疗后期B组中同一个样本的N基因和ORF1ab基因在加样提取前因静置时间不同而出现不同的结果,甚至出现了假阴性结果。结论样本静置时间对扩增检测结果有影响,治疗后期和疑似患者的样本应充分震荡并静置30 min后再进行提取和扩增实验。

Characteristic analysis of bleeding effect on standing column well (SCW) type geothermal heat exchanger

Thermal performance is the most important factor in the development of a borehole heat exchanger utilizing geothermal energy.The thermal performance is affected by many different design parameters and different operating conditions such as bleeding.This eventually determines the operation and cost efficiency of the borehole heat exchanger system.The thermal performance of an open standing column well (SCW) type geothermal heat exchanger was assessed under the influence of bleeding.For this,a thermal response test rig was established with line-source theory.The test rig also had a bleeding function by releasing fluid while taking additional underground water through the heat exchanger.The thermal response test was performed with an additional constant input heat source.Effective thermal conductivity and thermal resistance were obtained from the measured data.From the measurement,the effective thermal conductivity is found to have 1.47 times higher value when bleeding is applied.The thermal resistance also increases by 1.58 times compared to a non-bleeding case.This trend indicates enhanced heat transfer in the SCW type heat exchanger with a bleeding function.Bleeding,therefore,could be an effective method of achieving a high heat transfer rate in the SCW type heat exchanger with sufficient underground water supply.

独立式石箍窑洞地震模拟振动台试验及数值模拟

以山西省静乐县的某独立式石箍窑洞为原型,制作1/4缩尺的三跨试验模型,对其进行了地震模拟振动台试验,分析了地震作用下窑洞模型的破坏过程及破坏形态。在试验研究基础上,采用ABAQUS软件建立独立式石箍窑洞的有限元模型,将模拟得到的动力特性、动力响应和地震损伤结果与试验结果进行了对比分析,验证了有限元模型的合理性,进而基于对原型结构的有限元模拟,分析了覆土厚度、拱跨数和拱矢跨比对窑洞模型受力性能的影响。结果表明:独立式石箍窑洞在地震作用下主要发生砂浆灰缝开裂破坏,开裂最严重的部位为洞口拱顶和侧墙与背墙的连接处;有限元模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,能够较好地反映地震作用下窑洞模型的受力性能;窑洞模型的纵墙刚度大于横墙,加速度和位移响应随输入峰值加速度的增大不断增大;随着覆土厚度变薄和拱矢跨比减小,窑洞模型的抗震性能增强,但拱跨数对窑洞模型的抗震性能影响较小。

乌鲁木齐机场直立锁边屋面动态抗风揭试验研究

以乌鲁木齐机场北区扩建工程为研究背景,通过足尺直立锁边屋面动态抗风试验研究屋面檩条间距、抗风夹布置、抗风夹数量和屋面长度与屋面动态抗风承载能力之间的关系.试验结果表明,增加檩条间距并不能提升屋面动态承载能力,增设抗风夹可以显著提升屋面动态承载能力;屋面布置抗风夹时,屋面破坏形式由脱扣破坏转变为抗风夹与屋面板接触位置的撕裂破坏;屋面板长度与屋面抗风夹数量将显著影响屋面动态承载能力,具体来说屋面板长度越短,动态循环荷载作用下屋面板材料损伤累计越小,承载能力越高;在同样的循环荷载作用下,增设抗风夹数量将导致单个抗风夹与屋面板接触位置的应力下降,从而提升屋面板动态承载能力.

试车台液氧流量测量及原位校准技术研究

基于试车台液氧流量测量精度提升的需求,开展了液氧流量测量及原位校准技术研究,针对某新建液氧煤油发动机试车台分析了以分节式电容液面计为基准的试车台液氧流量原位校准过程、液氧供应管路流场分布、液氧温度测量、涡轮流量计结构优化等因素对流量测量准确性的影响,开展了液氧流量测量系统设备结构和工艺流程的优化改进,规范了原位校准过程及温度修正、压力修正、容积修正等数据处理方法。通过原位校准试验获得了试车台液氧管路涡轮流量计特性参数,应用于YF-100系列发动机试车,流量测量天地一致性良好,对准确评价发动机性能和火箭总体弹道设计具有重要意义。