Comparison of Type I Error Rates of Siegel-Tukey and Savage Tests among Non-Parametric Tests

This study aimed to examine the performance of the Siegel-Tukey and Savage tests on data sets with heterogeneous variances. The analysis, considering Normal, Platykurtic, and Skewed distributions and a standard deviation ratio of 1, was conducted for both small and large sample sizes. For small sample sizes, two main categories were established: equal and different sample sizes. Analyses were performed using Monte Carlo simulations with 20,000 repetitions for each scenario, and the simulations were evaluated using SAS software. For small sample sizes, the I. type error rate of the Siegel-Tukey test generally ranged from 0.045 to 0.055, while the I. type error rate of the Savage test was observed to range from 0.016 to 0.041. Similar trends were observed for Platykurtic and Skewed distributions. In scenarios with different sample sizes, the Savage test generally exhibited lower I. type error rates. For large sample sizes, two main categories were established: equal and different sample sizes. For large sample sizes, the I. type error rate of the Siegel-Tukey test ranged from 0.047 to 0.052, while the I. type error rate of the Savage test ranged from 0.043 to 0.051. In cases of equal sample sizes, both tests generally had lower error rates, with the Savage test providing more consistent results for large sample sizes. In conclusion, it was determined that the Savage test provides lower I. type error rates for small sample sizes and that both tests have similar error rates for large sample sizes. These findings suggest that the Savage test could be a more reliable option when analyzing variance differences.

EFFECTS OF TEXT TYPE AND TEST TYPE ON L2 READING COMPREHENSION TEST PERFORMANCE

This paper aims to investigate the effects of two components of test method facets — text type and test type on L2 reading comprehension test performance. The subjects are 30 non-English-major freshmen who were randomly chosen from among 150 candidates. It was found that: 1) the subjects perform significantly better in summary writing task for the narrative text than the expository one of the same difficulty level while in multiple-choice task the difference between performances for two text types is not significant; 2) for the same narrative text, summary writing task tends to elicit significantly better general test performance than the multiple-choice one while for the same expository text, there is no significant difference between the test performances elicited by the two tasks; 3)scores in the summary writing tasks for both texts are more widely distributed than those in the multiple choice ones.

TESTING THE ADEQUACY OF GARCH-TYPE MODELS IN TIME SERIES

In this article a new approach for checking the adequacy of GARCH-type models in time series was proposed. The resulted tests involve weight functions, which provide them with the flexibility in choosing scores to enhance power performance. The choice of weight functions and the power properties of the tests are studied. For a large number of alternatives, asymptotically distribution-free maximin test is constructed. The tests are asymptotically chi-squared under the null hypothesis and easy to implement. Simulation results indicate that the tests perform well.

Evaluation and diagnostic testing of erectile dysfunction in the era of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors

The diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction has changed dramatically since the availability of safe and effective oral therapies. Unfortunately, not all men can be adequately treated in this way, and might require more invasive testing to diagnose and treat the specific cause of their dysfunction. This review looks at the tests and strategies available for men who cannot be treated by oral therapy alone.

Genetic test in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome: An evolving story

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1(MEN1) is an autosomal dominant inherited tumour syndrome expressing various endocrine and non-endocrine lesions and tumours. Since the identification of the causative gene, the oncosuppressor gene MEN1, in 1997, genetic testing has revealed an important approach for the early and differential diagnosis of the disease. The finding of a MEN1 mutation in a patient has important clinical implications for relatives since it allows very early disease diagnosis and identification of carriers, even before biochemical and/or clinical manifestation, permitting their inclusion in a specific program of surveillance and subsequent praecox therapy. Currently, genetic testing for MEN1 consists principally of the sequencing of coding regions and intron-exon junctions of the MEN1 gene. However, the recent acquisition of novel high throughput technologies will allow the design of innovative, accurate, complete and rapid genetic diagnosis. These new tools are able to increase the strength of the analysis and almost completely eliminate the possibility of false negative results. This review aims to give an overview on genetic testing of MEN1 syndrome, reporting the positive aspects of performing the analysis and the future perspectives for improving the performance of the test, as well as its application in clinical practice.

An Immunochromatographic Strip Test for Rapid Detection of Antibodies against Porcine Circovirus Type 2

Porcine cimovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection causes huge economic losses, but no serological method is available for batch detection of field samples. The aim of the study was to develop a method for large-batch detection of PCV2 infection. Colloidal gold-labeled staphylococcal protein A (SPA) was sprayed on glass fibers to prepare a conjugate pad. The recombinant ORF2 protein of PCV2 was blotted on the test line of the nitrocellulose (NC) membrane, and pig IgG was streaked on the control line of the NC membrane. Then, the immunochromatographic strip was used for detection of antibodies against PCV2. The results show that the strip test was simple and the results could be determined within 10 min with naked eyes. The test strip was highly specific for pig serum against PCV2 and no cross-reaction with pig serum against other pathogens was observed. The test strip had close similarity with ELISA. Storage at RT for 6 months did not affect the specificity and sensitivity obviously. A total of 324 clinical pig sera were detected by both ELISA and the developed test strip, and the coincidence was 98.77%. Therefore, the developed immunochromatographic strip is specific, sensitive, stable, fast and simple, and it is suitable for on-site detection of antibodies against PCV2.

Test of the Cosmic Transparency with the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation and Type Ia Supernova Data

We use the latest baryon acoustic oscillation and Union 2.1 type Ia supernova data to test the cosmic opacity between different redshift regions without assuming any cosmological models. It is found that the universe may be opaque between the redshift regions 0.35 0.44, 0.44 0.57 and 0.6-0.73 since the best fit values of cosmic opacity in these regions are positive, while a transparent universe is favored in the redshift region 0.57-0.63. However, in general, a transparent universe is still consistent with observations at the lo confidence level.

Inference for constant-stress accelerated life test with Type-I progressively hybrid censored data from Burr-XII distribution

This paper proposes a simple constant-stress accel- erated life test （ALT） model from Burr type XII distribution when the data are Type-I progressively hybrid censored. The maximum likelihood estimation （MLE） of the parameters is obtained through the numerical method for solving the likelihood equations. Approxi- mate confidence interval （CI）, based on normal approximation to the asymptotic distribution of MLE and percentile bootstrap Cl is derived. Finally, a numerical example is introduced and then a Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out to illustrate the pro- posed method.

Response of low active GLP-1 like substances to test meal in obese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with obese controls with normal glucose tolerance

Background: A secretion of plasma active GLP-1 (p-active GLP-1) after ingestion of breakfast test meal (TM) is decreased in obese European patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there was no significant difference in pactive GLP-1 secretion following TM between obese Japanese patients with T2DM and controls. The findings indicate the difference may be due to different races or dietary’s customs of subjects. Aims: We examined whether pactive GLP-1 is truly affected by TM in obese Japanese patients (n = 24, group 1) and obese controls (n = 12, group 2). Methods: Glucose (PG), insulin (s-IRI), C-peptide (s-CPR) and active GLP-1 like substances (p-active GLP-1-S) levels in blood were measured 0, 30 and 60 min after TM. Obese Japanese patients with mean 9 years of diabetes had micro- and macro-vascular disturbances and were treated with diet, exercise and/or oral drugs for hyperglycemia. Results: There was no significant difference in sex, age or BMI between groups. Means HbA1c and PG were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. There were no significant differences in means of basal s-IRI, HOMA-R and s-CPR between groups. However, means of HOMA-β, insulinogenic index, postprandial s-IRI, s-CPR and p-active GLP-1-S or p-active GLP-1-S/PG values after TM were significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. Conclusions: These results indicate that a response of p-active GLP-1-S after TM in obese Japanese patients with T2DM was decreased and secretion of GLP-1 relative to PG was impaired. The method of enhancing function of active GLP-1 may be useful for treatment in some of patients with diabetes mellitus.

On the Distribution of Type II Errors in Hypothesis Testing

When a statistical test of hypothesis for a population mean is performed, we are faced with the possibility of committing a Type II error by not rejecting the null hypothesis when in fact the population mean has changed. We consider this issue and quantify matters in a manner that differs a bit from what is commonly done. In particular, we define the probability distribution function for Type II errors. We then explore some interesting properties that we have not seen mentioned elsewhere for this probability distribution function. Finally, we discuss several Maple procedures that can be used to perform various calculations using the distribution.

夹带式散粮垂直提升实验测试平台设计

该文研发了一种用于测试夹带式散粮垂直提升机效率和性能的实验测试平台,平台包括喂料结构、夹带式垂直提升结构和调控结构等。该实验平台可根据不同物料种类调节喂料装置与垂直提升段的间距,并通过调节输入气流参数调整皮带对物料的夹持力,在水平运输段使用皮带秤实时监测物料量以计算垂直提升效率。此外,通过分析运输过程中不同输入条件下垂直提升段上特殊点的振动特性,可以探究夹持力与喂料工艺参数对运输质量的影响,帮助改进垂直提升装置的结构。该平台用振动信号的形式表达调节参数对输送质量的影响,可提高教学质量,为培养创新型人才提供支持。

大学生体质健康测试重大突发事件:类型分化、生成原因与治理策略

大学生的体质健康事关中华民族伟大复兴。当前,我国大学生体质健康问题较为严峻,其身体素质呈直线下滑的趋势。大学生知识、能力、思维等的发展离不开身体素质的保驾护航。为此,本研究就大学生体质健康测试重大突发事件为研究对象,探究大学生体质健康测试重大突发事件的类型分化、生成机理与治理策略等,旨在提升我国大学生健康体质的水平,提高体质健康测试工作的质量效率,以促进我国大学生的全面发展,为国家培养合格建设者和可靠接班人。

单次船模阻力试验不确定度A类评定方法

通过单次试验实现不确定度A类评定的方法能够节省时间和成本,梳理阻力试验的采样和分析方法,以及不确定度的A类评定方法,从单次试验的采样时间序列出发,采用一种时间序列截断(time series truncation,TST)方法,提取不同计数周期的连续的时间序列,以此生成一系列的观测样本,据此进行单次试验的均值输出和不确定度的A类评定,并与重复性试验结果对比。结果表明,TST方法的不确定度A类评定结果与重复性试验方法近似,满足工程应用要求;适用于任意单次试验;可在试验过程中实时分析。通过应用TST方法,能够在单次阻力试验时,提升试验结果输出的稳定性。

血清学检测和基因分型在ABO疑难血型鉴定中的性能评价

目的分析血清学检测和基因分型在ABO疑难血型鉴定中的应用。方法对106例ABO疑难血型实施血清学检测(吸收放散试验)等,同时对其实施基因分型检测(荧光定量PCR试验),以基因测序结果为金标准,评估血清学检测和基因分型所得结果与基因测序一致性,比较两种检查方式灵敏度、特异度。结果以基因测序为金标准,血清学检测所得结果一致性为中度,基因分型检测所得结果一致性很好。通过比较血清学检测和基因分型灵敏度、特异度可知,两种检查方式所得特异度、灵敏度差异有统计学意义,基因分型灵敏度、特异度更高(P<0.05)。结论基因分型检测和血清学检测有各自的优缺点,但总体上来说,基因分型检测具有更高的准确性和可靠性,更快速、高效。

景观型木麻黄新品种′如意凤′

在福建省惠安赤湖国有防护林场国家木麻黄种质资源库中,经过长期观察发现特异性状的单株,然后对特异性状单株进行无性繁殖获得无性系苗木进行DUS测试,于2023年获得植物新品种的授权(品种名:如意凤,品种权号:20230152)。新品种′如意凤′的树冠呈圆锥形,主干树皮块状开裂如蛇纹,树皮灰褐色;齿状叶尖端红色,紧贴;符合植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性要求,具有较高的景观价值。研究结果可为滨海地区的绿化和美化提供种质资源。

垂直循环类机械式停车设备速度偏差超标原因分析

机械式停车设备的运行速度是设计过程中需要保证的主要参数之一,也是型式试验过程中的一个主要测试项目。针对一台垂直循环类机械式停车设备型式试验样机在型式试验中发现的额定速度偏差超标问题,对传动系统和设计计算中可能会影响运行速度的因素进行了深入的分析和讨论,确定了速度偏差超标的主要原因。文中的分析方法和结论为垂直循环类机械式停车设备的设计、制造、安装、修理、检验检测和故障分析提供参考。

计时起立-行走测试对老年2型糖尿病周围神经病变病人跌倒预测与风险评估价值研究

目的:分析计时起立-行走测试(TUGT)对老年2型糖尿病周围神经病变病人跌倒风险的评估价值。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月—2022年12月在我院内分泌科纳入治疗的2型糖尿病周围神经病变病人120例为研究对象,收集病人一般资料、TUGT测试结果,采用SPSS 22.0、R Studio 1.4.1103进行联合数据分析,研究相关性和预测价值。结果:本研究纳入的120例病人均顺利完成TUGT测试,完成率为100%,数据收集率为100%。所有病人TUGT时间为(16.03±3.29)s。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,TUGT时间与跌倒史、性别之间呈正相关(P<0.05);TUGT时间与2型糖尿病病程、合并周围神经病变病程、年龄之间无明显相关关系。TUGT时间用于预测老年2型糖尿病周围神经病变病人跌倒风险的最佳临界值为14.19 s,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)值为0.773,敏感度为86.29%,特异度为67.16%。结论:跌倒史、性别是影响老年2型糖尿病周围神经病变病人TUGT时间的危险因素,同时,TUGT时间对老年2型糖尿病周围神经病变病人跌倒具有良好的预测价值。

核电厂安全级仪控系统设备鉴定方法研究

为了验证核电厂安全级仪控系统设备在正常、异常、假设的设计基准事件环境条件下能够按规定的准确度和性能要求起作用,而不会出现可能由假定的工作条件而导致的任何共因故障,本研究开展了设备鉴定活动。设备鉴定的方法包括型式试验法、运行经验法、分析法或者这些方法的组合,其中型式试验法是最普遍采用的方法。型式试验法是通过模拟实际的运行条件及环境条件,以证明设备在此种条件下能完成预期的功能和性能。基于此方法的研究形成的核电厂安全级数字化仪控系统设备鉴定的型式试验方法,为当前国内核安全级数字化仪控系统设计、制造提供了参考,该方法在某核电厂核安全级仪控系统RPS设备鉴定过程中得到了良好实践。

特高压直流输电系统可控自恢复消能装置用慢速机械开关研制

慢速机械开关是特高压直流输电系统可控自恢复消能装置中重要的开关设备,在装置中起到控制和保护用,其必须具备短时间快速合闸、可靠开断避雷器残余直流持续电流的能力。介绍了慢速机械开关的方案设计、核心部件设计和校核以及型式试验,最终研制成功了慢速机械开关。

T23/P23钢高强匹配焊缝金属接头再热裂纹表征

综述了T23/P23钢高强匹配焊缝金属接头再热裂纹的特征。结果表明,T23/P23耐热钢高强匹配接头再热裂纹倾向明显,焊后状态高强匹配接头具有较高的强度和可以接受的塑性和韧性。接头显微组织中的HAZ粗晶区碳化物析出、晶界的滑移及晶界的脆化是再热裂纹产生的必要条件;影响HAZ组织的主要因素是母材中碳化物形成元素和残留元素的种类及含量。随接头拘束应力增大,再热温度升高时再热裂纹倾向增大。T23/P23钢接头中氢的行为是产生再热裂纹不可忽视的影响因素。生产中常用低应力化和低氢化综合工艺及参数,以及新型专用焊接材料等措施,使接头中的应力水平降低,氢含量最小化,控制再热裂纹形成条件,并获得了较满意的效果。