Development of a Drilling and Coring Test-bed for Lunar Subsurface Exploration and Preliminary Experiments

Drill sampling has been widely employed as an effective way to acquire deep samples in extraterrestrial exploration. A novel sampling method, namely, flexible-tube coring, was adopted for the Chang＇e mission to acquire drilling cores without damaging stratification information. Since the extraterrestrial environment is uncertain and different from the terrestrial environment, automated drill sampling missions are at risk of failure. The principles of drilling and coring for the lunar subsurface should be fully tested and verified on earth before launch. This paper proposes a test-bed for conducting the aforementioned experiments on earth. The test-bed comprises a rotary-percussive drilling mechanism, penetrating mechanism, drilling medium container, and signal acquisition and control system. For granular soil, coring experiments indicate that the sampling method has a high coring rate greater than 80%. For hard rock, drilling experiments indicate that the percussive frequency greatly affects the drilling efficiency. A multi-layered simulant composed of granular soil and hard rock is built to test the adaptability of drilling and coring. To tackle complex drilling media, an intelligent drilling strategy based on online recognition is proposed to improve the adaptability of the sampling drill. The primary features of this research are the proposal of a scheme for drilling and coring a test-bed for validation on earth and the execution of drilling experiments in complex media.

Design and Test of the Semi-Automatic Test-Bed with Inclined Belt of Garlic Transplanting Machine

In order to verify the feasibility of semi-automatic garlic planter with inclined belt program and determine its reasonable operating parameters, the semi-automatic test-bed with inclined belt of garlic transplanting machine was designed, and the garlic box experiments were conducted. The angle of inclined belt on the test-bed and its running speed were adjustable. Single factor test results showed that the program of the semi-automatic garlic planter with inclined belt was feasible, and the angle of inclined belt and the test bed running speed affected the indicators. Orthogonal experiment results showed that the angle of inclined belt was the main factor affecting the test indicators. It is also found that the best angle was 30 degrees, while the most reasonable running speed was 0.75 Km/h.

Simplified Removable Ground Test-Bed for Testing Turbofan Engine

A new simplified removable ground test-bed was designed for testing a certainturbofan engine. The facilities are 5.5 m long, 1.5 m wide, 2.2 m high and not more than 4. 5 t ofits empty weight. There are four rubber wheels that could be towed. There is an independentelectrical measurement and control system to test the rotational speed of rotors, the gas pressureof the compressor, the exhaust gas temperature, etc. Cooperated with the oil truck and the electricpower supply truck, the turbofan engine could be preserved on the ground and started to the idlingregime. While running, the parameter of the engine could be recorded, disposed and displayed. Inaddition, the facilities were successfully applied to the plateau experiment in order to researchhow the atmosphere pressure affects the start of engines. Some data are given in the paper.

Thermal-Hydraulic System Study of the Helium Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB) Test Blanket Module (TBM) for ITER Using System Code RELAP5

The HCPB concept has been a European DEMO reference concept for nearly one decade. Detailed thermal-hydraulic study on the control behavior of the whole system is one of the important parts of this development. The thermal-hydraulic effect of the TBM-combined cooling circuit during a cyclic operation in ITER has been studied using the system code RELAP5. The RELAP5 is based on an one-dimensional, transient two-fluid model for the flow of a two-phase steam-water mixture that can contain noncondensable components like Helium. The RELAP5models are modified to take the cyclic operation of the circulator, heat, exchanger, bypass, valves etc in to account. A sequence of operational phases is investigated, starting from the cold state through the heating phase that brings the system to a stand-by condition, followed by typical power cycles applied in ITER. The results show that the implemented control mechanisms keep the inlet temperature to the TBM and the total mass flow rate at the required values through all phases.

RELIABILITY OF TEST LANDS TARGETING IN BED-OF-NAILS STYLE TEST FIXTURE

A systematic, accurate and robust evaluating method for fine pitch printed circuit board （PCB） positioning assessment in testing fixture is developed. Targeting reliability of bed-of-nails tester is successfully evaluated by the 2D pattern transform. Probe offset vector with its Weibull and Gaussian distribution estimates are obtained for further investigation about the causes of misalignment on the basis of a batch tests for same kind of PCBs.

一种降低燃气轮机试验平台启动系统功率的方法

采用轴流压气机作为负载单元的燃气轮机试验平台,启动系统-负载-燃气轮机之间采用柔性联轴器联接。启动阶段,随着机组转速的提高,轴流压气机的功耗逐渐增大。文章通过对比升速阶段燃气轮机常规启动、变工况启动两种方式对启动系统的功率需求,得出大幅降低启动功率的方式,为以后燃气轮机带负荷试验平台设计提供了参考和经验。

Pilot-test about Treatment of Low-concentration Organic Waste Gas Using a Fixed Biological Bed

[ Objective] The study aims to discuss the feasibility of using a fixed biological bed to treat low-concentration organic waste gas. [ Method] A fixed biological bed was used to treat low-concentration organic waste gas from a phosphate workshop, and then the waste gas treated was assessed by human sense of smell to determine the most economical empty bed contact time, thereby verifying the feasibility of using a fixed biolog- ical bed to treat low-concentration organic waste gas. [Result] When empty bed contact time was 60 s, the smell of the treated waste gas was acceptable, and COD value of recycled water in the fixed biological bed was essentially unchanged. It proved that organic load of the waste gas was consumed by microorganisms within 60 s. [ Conclusion] It is feasible to use a fixed biological bed to treat Iow-concantration organic waste gas from a phosphate workshop.

流化床反应室内铁矿石的临界流化特性

U型反应室是悬浮焙烧装备的核心部件,明确其内物料的临界流化特性具有理论与实践意义.为此,自行搭建了冷态试验系统,并以赤铁矿粉、氧化铝粉为原料,研究了松动风量、物料性质对物料临界流化特性的影响规律,并对原有经验公式进行了修正.结果表明:临界流化气速随物料粒度、密度的增加而增加;在松动室床层为固定床的条件下,临界流化气速随松动风量的增大而减小;修正后的过程方程与试验数据吻合较好,可用于反应室内物料流化行为的预测.研究结果利于悬浮磁化焙烧技术实体化,对该技术工业应用具有一定的指导意义.

新一代机身壁板压剪载荷试验台结构设计

针对传统机身壁板压剪试验台加载空间为固定尺寸的问题,设计一种新一代机身壁板压剪载荷试验台。它可以根据机身壁板长度调节加载空间,适用于不同长度机身壁板压缩载荷+剪切载荷试验。介绍试验台设计方案,提出试验台核心功能的关键机构设计方法;对试验台进行了功能调试,各关键机构功能正常,满足使用要求。利用试验台对试验假件进行模拟加载,加载过程线性度良好,证明试验台载荷施加方法合理;试验假件应变分布均匀度良好,证明试验台精度满足要求。

长纤维抗裂复合封层机行走与撒(洒)布系统协同控制

为解决长纤维抗裂复合封层机在作业过程中出现的撒(洒)布不均匀问题,提出了一种模糊分数PID协同控制方法,采用分数阶PID控制器,实现了长纤维抗裂复合封层机行走与撒布系统的协同控制。结合模糊控制规则,对分数阶PID参数进行了在线实时优化,提升了系统的整体控制性能。通过Simulink仿真实验,对比了该方法与传统PID控制器的综合性能。结果表明:所提控制器在行走和撒布过程中的响应速度、超调量及稳态误差等方面均显著优于传统PID控制器;并通过实车试验平台,对所提控制方法进行了试验验证,成功实现了长纤维抗裂复合封层机行走过程中纤维、沥青、碎石的协同控制,为长纤维抗裂复合封层机的行走与撒(洒)布系统协同控制领域提供了新的研究思路。

弱数据下多源传感融合的某试车台气路健康评估方法

航天发动机试车台作为检验发动机可靠性的关键装备,其健康状态评估对确保发动机安全运行具有重要意义。试车台气路系统具有故障模式复杂多变,多点位、多模态传感信息关联性强等特点,且存在数据积累有限、采集的健康状态样本分布不均、人工监测运行状态造成人力资源浪费以及高误警率等问题。为此,提出了基于自适应重构相空间-支持高阶张量机的健康评估模型。该方法首先通过设计E1(m)的稳定性判定准则,实现对气路系统相空间的自适应重构;其次采用张量对气路系统的多点位、多模态数据进行表征;然后基于支持高阶张量机挖掘张量样本中的多源传感关联信息与健康模式,实现对试车台气路系统的健康状态评估;最后利用中航某所发动机试车台实际试车数据,与支持向量机、决策树与朴素贝叶斯算法对比,结果表明提出方法在弱数据环境下具有良好评估能力,整体评估精度为89.7%,在极端弱数据环境,精度下降保持在8%以内。

软弱结构面参数对顺层岩质边坡动力响应的影响研究

为了探究地震作用下软弱结构面对岩质边坡动力响应特征的影响。以云南省某露天矿山边坡为研究背景,利用有限差分软件中的非线性动力分析法对顺层岩质边坡进行动力计算,通过控制变量法设计了一系列的数值实验,探究了软弱结构面参数的改变对岩质边坡动力响应的影响规律,再基于正交试验以及极差分析法对影响岩质边坡动力响应的结构面参数进行了敏感性分析。结果表明:结构面参数的改变对于顺层边坡的动力响应有较大影响;各影响因子对顺层岩质边坡动力响应影响程度大小排序为结构面黏聚力>结构面倾角>结构面内摩擦角>结构面厚度。动力响应的研究可为地处地震频发区域的顺层岩质边坡提供抗震依据。

模拟生活干垃圾循环流化床气化试验

为给工业化循环流化床垃圾气化技术研发提供基础数据,在中试规模循环流化床气化试验台,研究过量空气系数和系统富氧体积分数对模拟生活干垃圾(简称“干垃圾”)气化特性影响。试验用干垃圾为单组分垃圾料配置而成的压块料,组成包括纸张、织物、木屑、灰渣和水,分别按质量分数60%、10%、10%、10%及10%配比,并通过用干垃圾压块料和工业锅炉底渣交错加料的方式解决了中试试验中压块料进料不畅的问题。通过试验发现干垃圾空气气化条件,过量空气系数由0.31提至0.50,气化温度会由850℃提至950℃,生成的煤气热值3976~2590 kJ/m^(3),煤气中CO产率增加,H_(2)产率先增加后减少,CH_(4)产率减少,煤气产气率2.28~3.08 m^(3)/kg,冷煤气效率42.97%~51.01%,碳转化率83.11%~92.45%;在900℃条件系统富氧体积分数由30%升高至50%时,水煤气反应得到强化,煤气有效组分(CO+H_(2)+CH_(4))产率和煤气热值均得到提高,煤气热值5274~7294 kJ/m^(3),煤气产气率1.37~1.93 m^(3)/kg,碳转化率83.32%~81.11%,冷煤气效率55.39%~53.77%;模拟生活干垃圾在中试规模循环流化床气化炉内实现稳定空气气化和富氧-水蒸汽气化运行,炉膛底部温度低,炉膛底部至顶部高度范围内温度分布较为均匀,装置稳定连续运行108 h,温差在19.7℃以内,中试规模循环流化床内部物料循环稳定。

导流兼泄洪冲沙洞消力池体型优化及河床冲刷研究

导流兼泄洪冲沙洞中消力池经常存在水跃波动范围不稳定、水流跃出边墙等问题。为获得良好的消能防冲效果,通过数值模拟与物理模型试验相结合的方法,对导流兼泄洪冲沙洞泄洪过程的流体运动进行研究,获得流场水力性能参数以及下游河床冲刷情况,分析不同方案对消力池水力特性的影响并进行物理试验验证。结果显示:消力池末端在增设矩形尾坎后水流流态得到改善;同时池内进出口流速降幅最大为7.66 m/s,而压强分布均匀、无负压产生,且消能率达到80.60%。在设计和校核工况下,增设矩形尾坎后河床冲坑范围相较于原方案分别减少12.20 m和13.30 m,其最大冲坑深度分别较原方案减少0.48 m和1.00 m,对下游防护效果明显。研究表明:所设的体型优化方案均能有效的提高消力池的消能效果,在增设矩形尾坎后流场分布均匀且减轻下游河床冲刷的效果最佳。该研究成果可为导流兼泄洪冲沙工程提供参考。

实验用制动能量回收控制系统开发

为更加形象地展示制动能量回收控制系统的工作原理,在已有制动能量回收实验台的基础上重新开发控制系统。以数据采集卡为控制器,对转速传感器、制动踏板开度传感器和蓄能器压力传感器的信号处理电路进行了设计,并完成了相应的上位机交互界面开发。经实验验证,该控制系统可以实现对制动能量回收实验台的控制,并且能够通过较为直观的形式展示制动踏板开度、开度变化率、蓄能器压力和继电器状态。

基于液压储能器的制动能量回收试验台研制

该文研制了基于液压储能器的制动能量回收试验台,试验台用飞轮模拟车辆的转动惯量,利用液压泵回收能量,将能量存储于蓄能器。该文基于上述工作原理完成了试验台零部件选型和支撑结构的设计,同时基于STM32单片机设计了控制系统硬件,并开发了控制程序,可实时测量转速和蓄能器压力信号。该试验台能够模拟制动能量回收过程,分析不同条件下的能量回收和释放过程。

笼型异步电机故障诊断实验台设计

异步电机是最常见的电气设备,在国民生产活动中占有重要的地位,电机故障诊断能够有效降低事故发生率和企业运行成本,对其进行研究有着重要的意义。为此以常用的笼型异步电机故障为对象,在完成电机及负载的选择、故障设置和电气系统设计的基础上,以电压、电流作为基本分析信号,完成了故障诊断实验台的开发。在该实验台上设置了气隙偏心、转子断条和匝间短路等三种故障,通过对输出电流信号进行了傅里叶变换和Park变换,对其故障特征进行了对比分析。结果表明,当电机存在气隙偏心故障时,在25Hz及75Hz频率点附近出现特征分量,当存在转子断条故障时,分别在频率为44.9Hz、45.9Hz、54.1Hz及55.1Hz处出现特征分量,当存在匝间短路故障时,Park轨迹图的椭圆形扁平程度会随着故障程度的增加越来越高。

有关床上用品的新旧标准对比研究

新版标准GB/T 22796—2021《床上用品》适应当前床上用品生产工艺的变化,以及消费者的需求和市场发展趋势。文章分别从标准的适用范围、内在质量、外观质量及试验方法、标志、包装、运输和贮存的变化等方面,分析《床上用品》新旧标准之间存在的差异,希望能帮助床上用品行业、质量检测机构、消费者等相关标准使用者更好地理解、掌握和运用新标准。

齿轮组装式离心压缩机试验台结构

本研究重点在于构建与解析一种适用于齿轮组装式离心压缩机试验的试验台结构。首先,探讨离心压缩机试验所需与试验台架构设计的关键原则。其次,一种高刚性、稳定性卓越、安全可靠的试验台结构已被研发出来,对其架构参数进行了优化提升。最后,运用有限元分析方法,对试验台结构进行了模拟探究,核实了设计方案的实用性与执行可能性。该试验台在理论和工程层面的设计具有引导及实用意义。

航空发动机部件试验台无纸化、信息化设计

本文介绍了基于LabVIEW的试验台无纸化、信息化设计,利用LabVIEW平台的ActiveX调用方法与手写电子屏底层程序的JAVA编程语言实现互访,采集签字笔迹轨迹,最终自动生成试验各类表单。并采用多种形式的人机交互,引导试验人员按规定操作进行试验,实现对试验台的无纸化、信息化管理,规范了试验步骤,有效提升了试验安全、试验质量及工作效率。