Effect of Phytohormones on Adventitious Bud Differentiation from Bulb Scales of Oriental Lily Test-tube Plantlets

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of differ- ent phytohormones on the adventitious bud differentiation of oriental lily. [Method] The bulb scales of the test-tube plantlets of Tiber, Rodina and Constanta were cul- tured in media supplemented with different cytokinin and auxin at different concen- tration, and then the adventitious buds in each treatment were calculated. [Result] Cytokinins had different influence on the adventitious bud differentiation of the three oriental lily cultivars. Among them, 6-BA had the best effect to induce the adventi- tious bud differentiation from bulb scales of Tiber and Rodina, but there was some difference in the optimal concentration. KT had the best effect to induce the adven- titious bud differentiation of Constanta. The auxins had little influence on the quality of the adventitious bud of the three oriental lily cultivars, but caused some difference in differentiation coefficients. [Conclusion] The most suitable media for the adventi- tious bud differentiation from bulb scales in vitro of Tiber, Rodina and Constanta were MS＋0.2 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L 2,4-D, MS＋I.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L IAA, MS＋ 1.0 mg/L KT＋0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, respectively.

2-20 Synthesis of Uniform Sizes of Uranium Dioxide Kernels by Test-tube Experimrent in the Laboratory

In the 1970s and 1980s, United States Department of Energy conducted numerous studies on the fabrication of nuclear fuel particles using the internal gelation process[1], the internal gelation process is an advanced production process for nuclear fuels. Recently, we had used these lessons learned on the internal gelation process to prepare quantities of uranium dioxide kernels of uniform sizes. This paper discusses the whole efforts of experimental processes.

Growth and Transcriptomics Analysis ofMichelia macclurei Dandy Plantlets with Different LED Quality Treatments

Michelia macclurei Dandy is a significant tree species that has extensive cultivation for forestry and horticulture purposes in southern China,owing to its economic and practical importance.Light quality influences plantlet growth and development during tissue culture.However,the growth characteristic and molecular regulation of M.macclurei under different light quality conditions are not well understood yet.In this study,we investigated the morphological,chlorophyll content,and transcriptomic responses of M.macclurei plantlets under different light-emitting diode(LED)qualities,including white,blue,and red light.The results showed that blue light significantly increased plant height(21.29%)and leaf number(18.65%),while red light decreased plant height and leaf number by 7.53%and 16.49%,respectively.In addition,the plantlets’chlorophyll content and etiolation rate were significantly reduced by blue and red light quality compared to white light.Compared to white light,blue light had a negative effect,leading to decreased rooting rate(64.28%),root number(72.72%),and root length(75.86%).Conversely,red light had a positive effect,resulting in increased rooting rate(24.99%),root number(109.58%),and root length(72.72%).Transcriptome analysis identified 54 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in three groups that consisted of blue light vs.white light(BL-vs-WL),red light vs.white light(RL-vs-WL),and red light vs.blue light(RL-vs-BL).Specifically,21,7,and 41 DEGs were identified in the three groups,respectively.The DEGs found in the RL-vs-WL and BL-vs-WL groups were involved in plant hormone signaling,nitrogen metabolism,and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways,which suggests that M.macclurei plantlets adapt to the changes of light quality via modulating gene expression.Overall,our study provides valuable insights for understanding the molecular and morphological responses of M.macclurei plantlets under different light qualities.

Evaluation of Different Substrates Compositions for Acclimatization of Tissue Culture Taro Plantlets in a Propagator

Taro is cultivated in most Regions of Cameroon and it is affected by taro leaf blight disease since 2010 which has decreased its production. Lack of disease-free planting materials has been a main problem to farmers. This study was carried out at International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Yaounde and Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Bambui to assess different substrates for acclimatization of tissue culture taro plantlets in apropagator. No information is available on acclimatization of Cameroonian taro plantlets in different substrates. Taro plantlets from tissue culture were acclimatised in a propagator for six weeks under different substrates, the first substrate consisted of sterile three parts of soil and one part of river sand mixed together (3:1), the second substrate consisted of sterile two parts of soil and two parts of river sand mixed together (2:2), the third substrate consisted of sterile two parts of soil, one part of rice husk and one part of river sand mixed together (2:1:1) and the fourth substrate consisted of sterile one part of soil and three parts of river sand mixed together (1:3). After acclimatisation of the different taroplantlets (Dark green petiole with small leaves (L1), Red petiole with small leaves (L2), Light green petiole with large leaves (L3) and Light green petiole with small leaves (L4) in these four substrates, it was observed that the best growth rate of plant was recorded on substrate sand + soil (1:3). The other substrates showed moderate growth of plants. Substrate sand + soil (1:3) can be recommended for acclimatization of Cameroonian taro plantlets.

橡胶树体胚苗质量调查与分析

天然橡胶是我国重要的战略物资和工业原料,主要来源于橡胶树。橡胶树生长周期长,其苗木质量直接影响天然橡胶产业的发展,橡胶树体胚苗在前期研究中表现一致性好,且具有速生、高产的优势。海南省天然橡胶新型种植材料创新基地是当前规模生产的橡胶树体胚苗的基地,现生产品种有热研73397和热研917。本研究分析比较了热研73397体胚试管苗在2018—2020年间的株高、茎粗、叶片数、主根长等指标的差异性,比较了2020年2个品种各指标的差异性,并对不同年份不同品种进行分级比较,以期阐明橡胶树体胚苗规模生产的情况。结果表明:(1)2018—2020年,热研73397的株高、茎粗、叶片数、主根长度在各区间的比例相当;株高、叶片数、主根长度在3 a间的差异不显著;茎粗在2018和2019年之间差异显著,且3 a均值均在2.00 mm以上,最大值和最小值的差值仅为0.09 mm。(2)2020年,热研73397和热研917体胚苗的株高一致,均值均为8.0 cm,且大部分集中在5.0~10.0 cm,分别占66.13%、66.91%;热研73397和热研917的茎粗范围分别为0.80~4.23 mm、1.13~3.73 mm,均值分别为2.11 mm和2.18 mm,2个品种的茎粗在1.50~3.00 mm之间高度集中,分别占85.94%、83.82%;热研73397和热研917叶片数范围分别为0~6片和1~4片,2个品种叶片数绝大多数为1~3片,分别占88.82%、96.32%,其中热研917叶片数为2片的占比高达52.94%;热研73397的主根长度均值为9.5 cm,而热研917的为9.1 cm,2个品种的主根长度多数集中在8.0~12.0 cm之间,分别占74.12%、79.41%;方差分析结果表明,2020年2个品种的株高、茎粗、叶片数差异不显著,主根长度差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)2018—2020年调查的橡胶树体胚苗中,不同年份不同品种的橡胶树体胚苗,一级苗比例为19%~22%,二级苗比例为56%~62%。据此,规模化生产橡胶树体胚试管苗质量稳定,为橡胶树体胚苗生产工艺的推广应用提供参考。

Effects of Sodium Chloride Stress on Growth of Sweet Potato Plantlets in vitro and Ion Content

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the salt-tolerance mechanism of sweet potato.[Method]Two sweet potato varieties of Xu 25-2(salt-tolerant cultivar)and Triumph 100(salt-sensitive cultivar)were treated by sodium chloride with the concentration of 0 mmol/L and 100 mmol/L.After 20 days,Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in the roots,shoots and leave were determined by the flame photometer,while dry weight and fresh weight of roots,shoots and leave in different varieties were also studied.[Result]The growth of two sweet potato varieties was inhibited under salt stress,so the plant became shorter,leaf and root became fewer,dry weight of roots and leave decreased,but seedlings of Xu 25-2 were inhibited slightly.Furthermore,Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in roots,shoots and leaves of two sweet potato varieties increased.Na+ content of salt-tolerant Xu 25-2 was low in roots,shoots and leaves,while Na+ content of salt-sensitive Triumph 100 was high in shoots and leave of seedlings,but the change range of Xu 25-2 was less than that of Triumph 100.[Conclusion]The lower Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in leaves under salt stress were the most important characteristics for salt-tolerance of sweet potato varieties.

γ-氨基丁酸对怀玉山三叶青低温胁迫下试管苗生长及相关生理代谢的影响

目的探讨γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对怀玉山三叶青低温胁迫下试管苗生长及相关生理代谢的影响,为其在怀玉山三叶青仿野生栽培中的防冻抗寒应用提供依据。方法以低温胁迫下GABA处理的怀玉山三叶青试管苗为研究对象,采用植物组织培养法测定其生长指标,植物生理生化法测定其生理指标,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)法检测其查尔酮合酶和黄酮醇合酶基因的相对表达量。结果与未添加GABA的对照组相比,培养基中添加0.5 g·L^(-1)GABA,怀玉山三叶青2个栽培种“怀玉1号”和“怀玉2号”试管苗的增殖系数、株高、鲜质量、干质量及组织含水量均达到最高值;可以显著提高其可溶性蛋白(SP)、可溶性糖(SS)、脯氨酸(Pro)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、抗坏血酸(AsA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)、赤霉素(GA3)、茉莉酸(JA)的含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性和查尔酮合酶(CHS)基因的相对表达量(RQ值);显著降低其相对电导率、脱落酸(ABA)、过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))、丙二醛(MDA)的含量,O_(2)·^(-)产生速率,以及黄酮醇合酶(FLS)基因的相对表达量。低温胁迫下GABA处理的怀玉山三叶青试管苗的生长与IAA、ZR、GA3、JA、SS、AsA、GSH的含量和CHS基因表达呈正相关。结论适当浓度的GABA可以调控内源植物激素和渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化物质含量以及次生代谢物关键基因表达,以促进低温胁迫下怀玉山三叶青试管苗的生长。

Callus induction from leaves of different paulownia species and its plantlet regeneration

The experiment was carried out on five different species of Paulownia for callus induction from leaves. MS medium was adopted as basic medium, and from different combinations of NAA and BA the suitable media were determined for callus induction, bud differentiation, and root differentiation of five different species. MS+0.5NAA+4BA, MS+0.3NAA+2BA, MS+0.5NAA+4BA, MS+0.3NAA+6BA, and MS+0.3NAA+8BA were suitable media of callus inductions of leaves, respectively, for Paulownia tomentosa, Paulownia australis, Paulownia fortunei, Paulownia elongata and P. tmentosa x P. fortunei, and MS+0.3NAA+12BA, MS+0.3NAA+12BA, MS+0.5NAA+12BA, MS+0.5NAA+12BA, and MS+0.7NAA+12BA were suitable media for bud differentiation from leaf callus respectively for above five species. The rooting media was determined as 2MS+0.1NAA, 1/2MS+0.1NAA, 1/2MS, 1/2MS+0.3NAA, and 1/2MS+0.5NAA. These results provide reference data for breeding new fine va-rieties with different kinds of Paulownia protoplasts fusions.

碳离子束辐照对马铃薯组培苗生长及生理特性的影响

为研究高能碳离子束对马铃薯组培苗茎切段的影响,以马铃薯品种‘新大坪’的组培苗茎切段为研究材料,设置4个辐照剂量梯度对其进行辐照处理,测定植株致死率、生根率、侧芽形成率、形态变异率以及叶片生理指标,确定‘新大坪’组培苗茎切段的半致死辐照剂量。结果表明:辐照剂量与致死率之间的关系呈正相关性;组培苗茎切段的再生植株表型变化主要为叶片不对称、叶缘不规则、茎变异伸长、叶片丛生和叶片粘连等;随辐照剂量升高,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性呈先升后降的趋势;丙二醛含量则呈先升后降,随后又升高的现象。利用线性回归方程计算‘新大坪’的半致死辐照剂量为20.37 Gy。

珙桐体细胞胚胎发生技术研究

研究探讨基本培养基类型对珙桐愈伤组织诱导的影响、植物生长调节剂对胚性愈伤组织诱导及体胚发育的影响,初步建立以未成熟合子胚为外植体,通过体细胞胚胎发生途径再生珙桐植株的培养方案。结果表明,在含有3%蔗糖、0.3%凝胶、800 mg/L水解酪蛋白、400 mg/L L-谷氨酰胺的MS、1/2MS和WPM基本培养基上均可诱导出愈伤组织,以MS+2.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L 6-BA诱导率最高,可达94.0%;胚性愈伤组织在MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L 6-BA的培养基上诱导效果较好;在MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L 6-BA培养基上,体胚诱导率可达22.9%;成熟体胚在1/2MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.25 mg/L IBA的萌发培养基上能正常萌发,其后在添加1 g/L活性炭的萌发培养基上转化成完整小植株。组织细胞学观察表明,珙桐体胚起源于胚性愈伤组织,经历了球形期、心形期、鱼雷期和子叶期发育阶段,这与自然条件下的合子胚形成过程相似。

云南马铃薯不同品种(系)对马铃薯疮痂病的抗性分析

随着云南省马铃薯种植面积的扩大和种薯调运的频繁,质量监管不足导致马铃薯疮痂病的发生日益严重。本研究旨在评估云南省马铃薯主栽品种对该病害的抗性水平,并筛选出具有潜在抗病性的育种材料。为此,本研究收集了33份不同的马铃薯品种(系)材料,并通过组织培养方法培育组培苗,进而采用盆栽试验进行抗性评估。同时结合对大田主栽品种田间发病情况的调查。结果显示,供试的33份马铃薯品种(系)的组培苗接种疮痂病菌后,所有测试品种均出现了不同程度的病害,发病率58%~96.67%,其中I-1085品种的发病率最低,F37-2品种的发病率最高。病情指数分布在22.58~67.27之间,以Fx3品种的病情指数最低,F37-2的最高。本研究结果为云南省马铃薯抗疮痂病品种选育工作提供了重要的基础性数据和理论支撑。

氮缺乏对84K杨树组培苗光合特性及次生代谢的影响

研究氮缺乏对84K杨树组培苗生长的影响,以期为84K杨的育种与繁殖提供理论基础。以84K杨树组培苗为实验材料,通过氮缺乏处理,测定84K杨树组培苗的生物量、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数,并进一步分析氮缺乏时全氮、全碳、碳氮比、总酚及抗氧化活性的变化。结果显示:随着培养基中氮含量的减少,84K杨树组培苗的干重、净光合速率(P n)和气孔导度(G s)均受到抑制,同时,氮缺乏导致84K杨树组培苗叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量及最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)降低。此外,随着培养基中氮素的减少,84K杨树组培苗中全氮含量显著减少,碳氮比显著升高,总酚含量显著增加。抗氧化分析结果表明,培养基中氮含量越低,组培苗的抗氧化活性越好。相关性分析表明,生物量与光合参数及叶绿素含量之间存在极显著正相关,但与总酚含量之间存在负相关;全氮含量与总酚含量之间存在负相关,与全碳及碳氮比之间存在正相关;同时84K杨树组培苗总酚含量及抗氧化活性之间具有明显的相关性。研究结果表明:氮缺乏可对84K杨树组培苗的光合生理及次生代谢产物产生影响,不利于84K杨树组培苗的生长和光合作用,但促进了多酚等抗氧化物质的产生。本研究可为84K杨树的栽培管理提供理论依据和基础数据。

水松古树组培快繁技术研究

水松(Glyptostrobus pensilis)为我国著名极危孑遗植物,现存野生个体多为古树,为进一步保存珍贵的水松野生遗传资源,以江西省现存水松古树茎段为外植体,探讨不同基本培养基、植物生长调节剂等对水松古树芽诱导与增殖培养的影响。研究结果表明,水松最佳芽诱导与增殖培养基为MS+30 g·L^(-1)蔗糖+5 mg·L^(-1)Vc+0.1 mg·L^(-1)玉米素+7 g·L^(-1)琼脂。所选水松古树材料中,以弋阳13(yy13)诱导与增殖的组培苗效果为最佳,适宜作为优良增殖继代的外植体。

Research on Plantlet Rooting of Lagerstroemia indica

Tissue culture plantlets of Lagerstroemia indica were used to study the effects of different auxins on in-vitro rooting, and the effects of various media in transplanting of rooted plantlets and ex-vitro rooting. For in-vitro rooting of test-tube plantiets of Lagerstroemia indica, 0.5 mg/L IBA is a suitable growth regulator; in the case of transplanting of rooted plantlets, the medium ratio of peat soil to perlite at 7：3 is better; and as to ex-vitro rooting of Lagerstroemia indica plantlets, the medium ratio of peat soil to perlite at 3：7 is more suitable.

Technology Research of Plantlets Rooting and Transplanting on Tissue Culture of Ilex centrochinensis

Plantlets of Ilex centrochinensis were used in its tissue culture to study the effect of auxin and gibberellin in vitro rooting, and the effect of various matrix in transplanting rooted plantlets and in rooting outside the tube. The highest fre- quency of rooting was obtained when growth regulator combination was IBA 0.2 mg/L ＋ GA3 0.4 mg/L in vitro rooting, and when the ratio of sand and humus soil was 5 to 5 in rooting outside the tube. When the ratio of perlite and peat soil was 3 to 7, the highest survival of rooted plantlets in transplanting was obtained. This study may provide the basis for improving the factory system of tissue culture of llex centrochinensis.

金钗石斛组培苗壮苗培养研究

为研究金钗石斛组培苗快速生长的影响因素,以生长素NAA、水解乳蛋白、MS培养基有机成分、活性炭四因素三水平设置正交试验,观察金钗石斛组培苗壮苗培养的生长表现,从而确定最佳培养基组合。试验结果表明:0.10 g/L活性炭+0.50 mg/L NAA+0.05 g/L水解乳蛋白+1倍有机成分组合对组培苗各生长效果最好;加入NAA可以明显增加组培苗生长的高度和茎粗。本研究可为金钗石斛组培快繁研究奠定基础。

Study on the Flower Development of Testtube Plantletsof Orychophragmus violaceus

In this study, testtube plantlets of O.Violaceus were cultured on MS media and treated with low temperature, phytohormones, etc. The following results were obtained: 1. The cold treatment of 5～7℃ for more than 7 days was needed for flower initiation of the testtube plantlets originated from germinated seeds. 2. When cultured on the MS media supplemented with 2mg/L gibberellin (GA3), the testtube plantlets could initiate flowers without cold treatment. 3. When the MS media was supplemented with a reduced amount of NH4NO3, flower initiation of the testtube plantlets could be accelerated. The results of the study on flower development of O.Violaceus may be useful for the production of testtube flowers of this ornamental plant species.

In vitro callus induction and plantlet regeneration of Achyranthes aspera L.,a high value medicinal plant

Objective:To study callus induction from different explants(internode,leaf,root)and in vitro plantlets propagation from medicinally important plant Achyranthes aspera L.Methods:Sterilized explants were prepared by uning 0.1%HgCl_2 and 0.5%Bavistin and callus was obtained when cultured onto Murashige Skoog's(MS)medium by using different concentrations and combination of 2,4-D.NAA.BAP,IAA,IBA with 3%sucrose and 0.8%agar.Induced callus was immediately transferred to MS medium containing at different concentrations of phytohormones for shootlets and rootlets induction respectively.Results:Sterilization treatment of 0.1%HgCl_2.for 2-3 min and Bavistin 0.5%for 10-12 min showed the highest percentage of asepsis and survival rate.Maximum induction of callus was obtained from a combination of 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L NAA from leaf.Highest shootlets number(4.83±0.l7)and length(3.8±0.16)cm were observed on full strength MS medium when fortified with BAP 4.0 mg/L and KIN 0.5 mg/L.Concerted efforts of BAP 10 mg/L and NAA 0.5 mg/L on full strength MS medium showed highest leaf number(6.77±0.94).In vitro raised shoots were allowed to root on different strengths of MS medium fortified with IAA and IBA at different concentrations.Experimentally,3.0 mg/L IBA was enabled to induce maximum rootlets number(10.0±9.82)on full strength MS medium.Afterwards,regenerated shoots with well developed roots were successfully subjected to hardening process and were acclimatized.The survived plantlets showed 66.67%survival frequency without any morphological abnormality.Conclusions:The results demonstrated that different explants were good source of callus induction,morphology analysis as well as indirect plantlets regeneration.

Effects of Lanthanum and Europium on Rooting of Plantlet Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl. in vitro

The effect of La 3+ and Eu 3+ on the rooting of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. plantlet in vitro was studied with adding La 3+ and Eu 3+ to the rooted medium. The rooting rate, the number of root and the length of root were studied after transplanting 20 d. The activity of peroxidase, nitrate reductase and fresh weight of roots were determined after transplanting 44 d. The results show that the optimum concentration range of La 3+ (1.0～3.0 μmol·L -1), Eu 3+ (2.0～3.0 μmol·L -1) in the rooted medium can increase the rooting rate and the fresh weight of roots, and promote the length of root and raise the activities of peroxidase and nitrate reductase significantly. La 3+ has more effect in improving the rooting rate, root length and the activities of peroxidase and less effect in promoting root fresh weight and the activities of nitrate reductase than Eu 3+.