Evaluation of Coagglutination Test Kit for Red Sea Bream Iridovirus

Coagulation test, in principle, is an immunodiagnostics technique, in which immunoglobuline G of antibody is bound to protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of study is to develop a rapid test kit for detecting iridovirus infection in fish. Method was summarized as follows： （1） vaccine of iridovirus was injected to rabbit four times with a dosage as 0.5 mL, 1 mL, 2mL, 3 mL each week. Serum was collected at the fifth week as a coagglutination test kit; （2） through the positif polymerase chain reaction （PCR） test, the kidney and spleen sample infected with iridovirus are homogenized by using the phosphate buffered saline （PBS） solution of pH 7.2 with ratio 1：2 （WN）; （3） the supernatant material is collected after centrifugation at 8,000 rpm for 15 min; （4） filtrate/supernatant from sample was dropped on a slide an added with coagglutination test kit with the same volume （l：l）; （5） the agglutination observation is done after the 30, 60 and 90 min incubate at room temperature. The coagglutination test gave positive result in 25% of the test samples.

Research Progress in Formation and Detection Method of Dextran in Sugarcane Production

Dextran in sugarcane production process is formed by Leuconostoc rnesenteroides. The content levels of dextran is related to sugarcane varieties, field condition （planting pattern, temperature, humidity, sunlight, soil, foreign material）, de- gree of injury （refractory cane, harvesting methods）, and can be rapidly and accu- rately measured by Dextran Immunonephelometric Test Kit. The presence of dextran indicates that sucrose has been lost, so sugarcane dextran is a direct and reliable indicator to measure sugarcane freshness and quality.

Detection of Helicobacter pylori:A faster urease test can save resources

AIM: To investigate whether differences in the rapidity of a positive result for Helicobacter pylori can save res ources, by comparing two commercially available urease kits. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-five adults (130 outpatients, 55 inpatients) undergoing gastroscopy were entered prospectively. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (if they were not on PPIs, antibiotics, H2A, bismuth or sucralfate for up to 14 d prior to the endoscopy) and Group 2 (if they were on, or had been on, any of the above medication in the previous 14 d). At endoscopy two sets of biopsies, taken in random order, were placed in the wells of the Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) test (Kimberly-Clark, Utah, USA) and the Quick test (Biohit Plc, Helsinki, Finland). Five additional gastric biopsies were taken for histology/Giemsa and immunohistochemical study. The two urease test slides were read at 2 min, 30 min, 2 h and 24 h. Sensitivity and specif icity at 24 h were determined. RESULTS: At 24 h, for all patients, there was no difference in sensitivity (100% vs 97.5%), specificity (99.3%), positive (97.5%) and negative predictive values (100% vs 99.3%) between the CLO and Quick tests, respectively. There was a positive result at 30 min in 17/41 (41.5%) CLO tests, and in 28/40 (70%) Quick tests, P = 0.05. Quick test enabled the prescription of eradication therapy before discharge in all 28/40 patients. Only 12 (30%) follow-up appointments were needed. If the CLO test had been used alone, only 17 (41.5%) prescriptions would have been possible prior to discharge and 24 (58%) follow-up appointments would be needed (P = 0.001). Of 2000 gastroscopies performed annually at our unit, a saving of 123 follow-up appointments (total: 8856 Euros or 11 808 USD) would be achieved if we switched to the Quick test. CONCLUSION: Direct comparison of locally available urease test kits is worthwhile, since the appropriate choice results in a significant saving of resources. Local costs and follow-up protocols will determine the magnitude of these savings.

Modification of colorimetric method based digital soil test kit for determination of macronutrients in oil palm plantation

It is the need of time that oil palm farmers must perform the spatially planned soil analysis to know about the fertilizer sufficient and deficient zones of land.Colorimetric method is a suitable and fast solution of soil analysis for NPK determination using the digital soil test kit.NPK determination procedure with a digital soil test kit was undefined for oil palm.Furthermore,the digital soil test kit determines the passage of light through an opaque medium of soil solution with a specified reagent.Therefore,environmental light may interfere leading to wrong results of NPK measurement.Likewise,this equipment was non-incorporable with the controller of any VRT fertilizer applicator.In this research,these issues were addressed and the NPK measurement procedure was defined for oil palm plantation by modifying the‘soil to water’ratio in sample soil solution with an optimum environmental light range of 18-23 W/m^(2).‘Soil to water’ratios were found for nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium as 0.31 to 5.00,1.00 to 5.00 and 4.50 to 5.00,respectively to fit the requirement of NPK for oil palm in the prescribed range of the equipment.Validation study of modified digital soil test kit showed that 91.7%N,89.6%P and 93.8%K results of modified digital soil test kit were matched with analytical laboratory method.Thus,the reliability of NPK results using digital soil test kit was enhanced,making the kit incorporable with the controller of variable rate fertilizer applicator through remote monitoring based data acquisition system.The outcome of this research can be used in the development of an IoT network data fusion for dynamic assessment of the NPK variation in the soil and nutrient management in oil palm plantations.

A Turn-On Fluorescence Chemosensor for Cyanide in Aqueous Media Based on a Nucleophilic Addition Reaction

We synthesized a new cyanide （CN-） chemosensor CX based on a nucleophilic addition reaction prompted by cyanide ion, which could be used for highly selective and sensitive fluorescence turn-on detection of cyanide in aqueous media. The CX showed selective fluorescence recognition for CN-, the miscellaneous competitive anions （F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, AcO-, H2PO4, HSO4, ClO4, S2-, PO4^3-, CO3^2- and SCN- ） did not lead to any significant interference. The detection limit of the sensor towards CN is 1.15 × 10^-7 mol.L- 1. The sensor has been successfully applied to estimate the cyanide ion in seeds of cherries. Test strips based on CX were fabricated, which could be used as a convenient and efficient CN test kit to detect CN in aqueous solution for ＂in-the-field＂ measurement.

Addition of surfactants to Low Salinity Waterflooding in microfluidics system to increase oil recovery

This study was conducted to investigate the phenomenon of oil removal from inside pores using a self-designed microfluidic test kit.An artificial micromodel chip as a representation of porous rocks has been created with a uniform pore structure design and made of PMMA(Polymethyl Methacrylate)material.The micromodel chip has a porosity of 27.8%as well as a permeability of 2.7 Darcy.By using the microfluidic test kit,this study has investigated how low salinity water(LSW)injection with MgCl_(2)divalent ions and the addition of anionic surfactant,linear alkylbenzene sulfonate mixed with nonionic surfactants,nonylphenol ethoxylate(NP-10)affects to oil recovery.The injection of LSW and surfactant solution was carried out with different injection stages,injection rates and surfactant solutions con-centrations.Visual images during the injection process are recorded for analysis,which is the advantage of dynamic testing using this microfluidic test kit over conventional coreflooding.From this study,it is indicated that the selection of ions contained in LSW affects the success of LSW injection.Reducing the surfactant injection rate from 50 mL/min to 20 mL/min can increase the oil recovery from 1.27%to 4.29%.Oil recovery was also higher on surfactant injection which resulted in lower interfacial tension of the system based on the calculation of interfacial tension obtained from the Chun-Huh and Ghosh equations from the Winsor test.From all injection scenarios carried out in this study,the highest increase in oil recovery of 26.87%OOIP was obtained by injecting surfactant solutions directly in the secondary stage without prior LSW injection.

A highly selective colorimetric and“Off-On”fluorescence sensor for CN^-based on Zn(salphenazine)complex

The development of sensors for selective detection of cyanide ion(CN^-) is an important mission to accomplish because of the versatility and toxicity of CN^-. In the present work, an "ensemble"-based colorimetric and fluorescent sensor(L2-Zn^(2+)) for CN^-ion has been developed. The addition of cyanide ions removed Zn^(2+) from the ensemble(L2-Zn^(2+)) in aqueous medium, resulting in a color change of the solution from red to buff and a "turn-on" fluorescent response. Also, the sensitivity of both the fluorescenceand colorimetric-based assay is below the maximum allowable level of cyanide ions in drinking water set by the World Health Organization. In addition, test strips, which served as convenient and efficient CN^- test kits, were fabricated based on the sensor.Notably, the selective detection of cyanide with L2-Zn^(2+) for practical application was also performed in sprouting potatoes.