Three New Zn(Ⅱ) Coordination Compounds Based on the in-situ Formed Tetrazolate Ligand: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Luminescence Properties

Reactions of 2-（2-benzoimidazolyl）acetonitrile and Na N3 with Zn SO4 or Zn Cl2 in the presence of nicotinic acid in the mixture of Et OH/H2 O afforded a mononuclear compound [Zn（L1）2]（1） and a 1-D polymer [Zn（L1）Cl]n（2）, respectively（L1 = 5-[（benzoimidazolyl）methyl]-1H-tetrazolate）. However, in the similar condition except that imidazole was added instead of nicotinic acid, the reaction afforded a 1-D compound [Zn（L1）2]n（3） featuring triply helical chains via the π-π stacking of ligands. They are characterized by elemental analysis and IR, and their structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography. Thermal stability of these compounds was measured by TGA and their luminescent properties were investigated at room temperature.

Two Coordination Polymers Constructed by Cd(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) with in situ Generated 5-(3-Pyridyl)tetrazolate Ligand：Syntheses,Crystal Structures and Luminescence Properties

Hydrothermal reactions of 3-cyanopyridine and Na N3 with Zn Cl_2 or Cd Cl_2·5/2H_2 O in the presence of 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid（H2bdc） yielded two new coordination polymers,{[Zn（3-ptz）（bdc）_（0.5）（H_2O）_2]n·2H_2O}_n（1） and [Cd_2（3-ptz）_2Cl_2]_n（2）,based on in situ synthesized 5-（3-pyridyl）tetrazolate（3-ptz-） organic ligand.They have been structurally characterized by elemental analysis（EA）,infrared spectroscopy（IR） and single-crystal/powder X-ray diffraction（PXRD）.In 1,two Zn（Ⅱ） ions are linked together through two μ_2-（3-ptz-） ligands to form a dimeric unit of [Zn（μ_2-3-ptz）（H_2O）_2]2^2＋,which is further connected with other equivalent units by μ_2-bdc^2-spacers,resulting in an infinite 1D polymeric chain of [Zn_2（3-ptz）_2（H_2O）_2（bdc）]_n,and then strong hydrogen bonding interactions extend these 1D chains into a 3D supramolecular structure.In 2,the Cd（Ⅱ） ions are connected through μ_4-（3-ptz-） ligands and Cl-anions,leading to infinite 2D layers of [Cd_2（3-ptz）Cl_2]_n^n＋,which are further linked by another μ_4-（3-ptz-） pillared ligand to form a 3D layered-pillared framework architecture of [Cd）2（3-ptz））2Cl）2]）n.Furthermore,thermal stability of these compounds was measured by thermogravimetric analysis（TGA） and their photoluminescent properties were also investigated in the solid state at room temperature.

Synthesis and properties of potassium 5,5'-azobis(1-nitraminotetrazolate)：A green primary explosive with superior initiation power

Potassium 5,5＇-azobis（1-nitraminotetrazolate）,（K2ABNAT）, a new green primary explosive, was synthesized via a safe and convenient synthetic procedure based on methylcarbazate and cyanogen azide. The compound was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. With the calculated（CBS-4M） heat of formation（617.0 kJ/mol） and the room temperature X-ray density（2.11 g/cm^3）, impressive values for the detonation parameters such as detonation velocity（8367 m/s） and pressure（31.5 GPa） were computed using the EXPLO5 program. The superior calculated energetic performance show it could serve as a green replacement for the widely used primary explosive,lead（II） azide, which contains toxic ingredient.

Density Function Theory Study on Effects of Different Energetic Substituent Groups and Bridge Groups on Performance of Carbon-Linked Ditetrazole 2N-Oxides

Based on the parent tetrazole 2N-oxide, six series of novel carbon-linked ditetrazole 2N- oxides with different energetic substituent groups （-NH2, -Na, -NO2, NF2, -NHNO2） and energetic bridge groups （-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-, -NH-, -N=N-, -NH-NH-） were designed. The overall performance and the effects of different energetic substituent groups and energetic bridge groups on the performance were investigated by density functional theory and electrostatic potential methods. The results showed that most of designed compounds have oxygen balance around zero, high heats of formation, high density, high energy, and acceptable sensitivity, indicating that tetrazole N-oxide is a useful parent energetic compound employed for obtaining high energy compounds, even only combined with some very common energetic substituent groups and bridge groups. Comprehensively considering the effects on energy and sensitivity, the -NO2, -NF2, -NH- and-NH-NH- are appropriate substituent groups for combining tetrozale N-oxide to design new energetic compounds, while -NH2, -Na, -CH2-CH2-, and -N=N- are inappropriate.

Kv1.5蛋白在内毒素致血管内皮细胞损伤中的作用机制

目的研究Kv1.5蛋白在内毒素致血管内皮细胞损伤中的作用机制。方法体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs),给予脂多糖(LPS)刺激建立脓毒症模型,并分为:空白对照组、LPS组、LPS+Kv1.5蛋白通道特异性阻滞剂MT1(250nmol/L)组及LPS+MT2(500nmol/L)组,DAPI染色免疫荧光观察各组HUVECs凋亡情况,Western blot检测Caspase-3及Bcl-2蛋白的表达,RT-PCR检测Caspase-3及Bcl-2基因的表达。结果 DAPI染色免疫荧光显示,LPS组内皮细胞核固缩、凋亡小体形成,凋亡小体形成率由空白对照组的(4.2±0.7)%增加至(26.7±0.8)%(P<0.01),而250nmol/L、500nmol/L MT预处理后,凋亡小体形成率从LPS组(26.7±0.8)%分别下降至(12.4±1.0)%、(8.5±0.9)%(均P<0.01);Western blot检测结果显示,LPS组较空白对照组Bcl-2蛋白表达减少、Caspase-3蛋白表达增加(均P<0.01),给予500nmol/L MT预处理后,与LPS组比较,Bcl-2蛋白表达上调、Caspase-3蛋白表达下调(均P<0.01);RT-PCR检测结果显示,LPS组较空白对照组Bcl-2mRNA表达下调、Caspase-3mRNA表达上调(均P<0.01),给予500nmol/L MT预处理后,与LPS组比较,Bcl-2mRNA表达上调、Caspase-3mRNA表达下调(均P<0.01)。结论Kv1.5介导脓毒症相关内皮细胞损伤可能与线粒体凋亡途径有关。

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Luminescence of One Cd^Ⅱ Coordination Polymer with Bifunctional Zwitterionic Ligand

One coordination polymer with bifunctional zwitterionic ligand bearing both carboxylate and tetrazolate groups, [Cd（L1）（N3）]n·n H2O（1, L1 = 1-（carboxylatomethyl）-4-（5-tetrazolato）pyridinium], has been in situ hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic with C2/m space group, a = 21.8038（17）, b = 7.6087（6）, c = 7.8342（6） A, β = 106.166（2）o, V = 1248.29（17） A3, Z = 4, Mr = 376.62, Dc = 2.004 g·cm-3, F（000） = 736, μ = 1.772 mm-1, Rint = 0.0217, S = 1.088, the final R = 0.0415 and w R = 0.1128 for 1020 observed reflections with I 2σ（I）. The compound exhibits two-dimensional coordination sheets, in which infinite anionic [Cd（CN4）（N3）（OCO）]n chains with the tricomponent（μ-azide）（μ-tetrazolate）（μ-carboxylate） bridges are cross-linked by cationic 1-methylenepyridinium spacers of the L1 ligand. This compound in the solid state exhibits blue luminescence assignable to intraligand transitions.

Nitro-tetrazole based high performing explosives:Recent overview of synthesis and energetic properties

Heterocyclic skeleton(Azoles)and different energetic groups containing high performing explosives are highly emerged in recent years to meet the challenging requirements of energetic materials in both military and civilian applications with improved performance.For this purpose tetrazole(Azole)is identified as an attractive heterocyclic backbone with energetic functional groups nitro(-NO_(2)),nitrato(-ONO_(2)),nitrimino(-NNO_(2)),and nitramino(eNHeNO_(2))to replace the traditionally used high performing explosives.The tetrazole based compounds having these energetic functional groups demonstrated advanced energetic performance(detonation velocity and pressure),densities,and heat of formation(HOF)and became a potential replacement of traditional energetic compounds such as RDX.This review presents a summary of the recently reported nitro-tetrazole energetic compounds containing poly-nitro,di/mono-nitro,nitrato/nitramino/nitrimino,bridged/bis/di tetrazole and nitro functional groups,describing their preparation methods,advance energetic properties,and further applications as highperforming explosives,especially those reported in the last decade.This review aims to provide a fresh concept for designing nitro-tetrazole based high performing explosives together with major challenges and perspectives.

Recent advances on the nitrogen-rich 1,2,4-oxadiazole-azoles-based energetic materials

This review covers recent advances in the synthesis and energetic performance of nitrogen-rich 1,2,4-oxadiazole-azoles-based energetic materials.These materials comprise of 1,2,4-oxadiazole subunit as a key structural motif linked to different nitrogen-rich or nitrogen-oxygen azoles:tetrazole,furazan,furoxan,1,3,4-oxadiazole,pyrazole,and triazole.Particular attention is devoted to the introduction of various energetic groups including nitro,nitramino,azo,azoxy,dinitromethyl,trinitroethyl moieties,and their combination.The physicochemical and available performance parameters including density,decomposition temperature,heat of formation,detonation pressure,detonation velocity,impact sensitivity,and friction sensitivity of typical energetic compounds are also provided and analyzed.Eventually,it was obtained that several screened compounds exhibit superior detonation properties and outstanding insensitivities,which can be classified as a new family of high-performance energetic materials.Additionally,1,2,4-oxadiazole-azoles-based energetic materials still have many thorough works to further exploited and studied,expecting to get very promising insensitive high explosives for practical application and industrialization.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Biological Activity of N-((1-cyclohexyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(5-methyl-1,2,3- thiadiazol-4-yl)methyl)-4-nitrobenzenamine

The title compound N-（（1-cyclohexyl-lH-tetrazol-5-yl）（5-methyl-l,2,3-thiadia- zol-4-yl） methyl）-4-nitrobenzenamine （C17H20N8O2S, Mr = 400.47） was synthesized via Ugi four- components condensation reaction （U-4CR）, and its structure was characterized by IR, aH NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to orthorhombic, space group Pna21 with a = 20.390（2）, b = 12.9660（14）, c = 6.9399（8） A,β = 90.00°, Z = 4, V= 1834.7（3）A3, Mr = 400.47, Dc = 1.450 g/cm3, μ= 0.210 mm-1, F（000） = 840, R = 0.0348 and wR = 0.0717. X-ray analysis reveals that the dihedral angles formed between the thiadiazole and tetrazole rings, the benzene and tetrazole rings and the thiadiazole and benzene rings are 62.59, 86.73 and 70.07°, respectively. Three intermolecular hydrogen bonds N（1）-H（2）...N（6）, C（4）-H（4B）...O（2） and C（17）-H（17）...N（3） are observed. Bioassay shows that the title compound has antifungal and antivirus activities against tobacco mosaic virus.

Theoretical Study on the Intermolecular Interactions of Tetrazole Dimers

Tetrazole monomers （Ⅰ, Ⅱ） and all of their possible stable dimers （1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8） were fully optimized by DFT method at the B3LYP/6-311＋＋G^＊＊ level. Among the eight dimers, there were two 1H-tetrazole dimers, three 2H-tetrazole dimers and three hetero dimers of 1H-tetrazole and 2H-tetrazole. Vibrational frequencies were calculated to ascertain that each structure was stable （no imaginary frequencies）. The basis set superposition errors （BSSE） are 2.78, 2.28, 2.97, 2.75, 2.74, 2.18, 1.23 and 3.10 kJ/mol, and the zero point energy （ZPE） corrections for the interaction energies are 4.88, 4.18, 3.87, 3.65, 3.54, 3.22, 2.87 and 4.34 kJ/mol for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, respectively. After BSSE and ZPE corrections, the greatest corrected intermolecular interaction energy of the dimers is -43.71 kJ/mol. The charge redistribution mainly occurs on the adjacent N-H…N atoms between submolecules. The charge transfer between two subsystems is very small. Natural bond orbital （NBO） analysis was performed to reveal the origin of the interaction. Based on the statistical thermodynamic method, the standard thermodynamic functions, heat capacities （C^0P）, entropies （S^0T） and thermal corrections to enthalpy （H^0T）, and the changes of thermodynamic properties from monomer to dimer in the temperature range of 200.00 K to 700 K have been obtained. 1H-tetrazole monomer can spontaneously turn into two stable dimers at 298.15 K.

Synthesis and Characterization of the Tetrazole Analogues of α-Amino Acids

The tetrazole analogues have been synthesized from fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl （Fmoc）- protected amino acids by three steps. The structures of the analogues were characterized by HPLC-MS, ^1H NMR and ^13C NMR.

γ-Fe_2O_3:A magnetic separable catalyst for synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles from nitriles and sodium azide

An efficient route for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole via[2＋3]cycloaddition of nitriles and sodium azide is reported usingγ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles as a magnetic separable catalyst.Under optimized conditions,the moderate to good yields（71-95%） can be obtained.The catalyst can be easily separated by a magnet and reused for several circles.

Synthesis and Identification of Some New Tetrazole Derivatives from 4,5-dichloro Imidazole and Study of Their Biological Activity

A number of tetrazoles derivatives were prepared by series of steps, the first step includes react （4,5-dichloroimidazole） with （4-aminoacetophenone） to form 1-（4-（（4,5-dichloro-lH-imidazol-2yl）diazenyl）ethanone （1）. The second step was （1） reaction with （Amines derivatives） to get Schiff bases （2-7）. The third step was reaction of Shciff base with sodiumazide to form tetrazoles derivatives （8-13）. then study the biological activity for all compounds to word two type of bacteria.

Coordination Assemblies of Cd^(Ⅱ)with 5-(Ethylthio)-1H-tetrazole and Halide Ions:Synthesis,Structure,and Luminescent Properties

Three cadmium（II）-halide complexes with 5-（ethylthio）-1H-tetrazole（Hett） as ligand, namely [Cd_7Cl_2（ett）_（12）（H_2O）_2]_n（1）, [Cd_2（OH）Br（ett）_2]_n（2） and [Cd_2（OH）I（ett）_2]_n（3）, have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized. Complex 1 was synthesized at pH = 7 and exhibits a 3D supramolecular framework, where the adjacent Cd ions form a tetrahedron unit by ett ligands bridge and the tetrahedron units share vertices to connect each other by ett bridges to form a 2D layer architecture, which is further interlinked by μ_2-Cl to form 3D structures. Complexes 2 and 3 are isostructural, generated at pH = 8.0~9.0, displaying similar 2D networks via ett ligands and different halide ions（Br-in 2, I-in 3, respectively）. In addition, thermal stabilities and luminescent properties of new complexes 1~3 have been studied.

Syntheses,Crystal Structures and Photoluminescent Properties of Two New 1-D d^10 Metal Complexes Based on Tetrazole 1-Acetato Ligand

Two new tetrazole 1-acetato complexes, [Ag（1-tza）（phen）]∞ （1） and [Cd（1- tza）2（2,2＇-bipy）]∞ （2） （1-Htza = tetrazole 1-acetato, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2＇-bipy = 2,2＇-bipyridine）, have been synthesized by solvothermal synthesis and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 shows a 1-D chained structure, while the structure of 2 contains two 1-D chains, which is the first 1-tza-based complex containing three different coordination modes of the 1-tza ligand. The aromatic stacking effects play an important role in the formation of supramolecular frameworks of these two complexes. Photoluminescent studies show that the two complexes exhibit efficient luminescence. In addition, optical diffuse reflectance spectra and thermogravimetric analyses of 1 and 2 have also been investigated.

Chemical design and characterization of cellulosic derivatives containing high-nitrogen functional groups:Towards the next generation of energetic biopolymers

In this research,a promising class of insensitive and high-energy dense biopolymers,which contain nitrogen-rich 1H-tetrazol-1-yl acetate and nitrate ester functional groups,was successfully synthesized through tetrazole derivatization and nitration of cellulose and its micro-sized derivative(TNCN and TCMCN).Their molecular structures,physicochemical properties,thermal behaviors,mechanical sensitivities and detonation performances were studied and compared to those of the corresponding nitrocellulose and nitrated micro-sized cellulose(NCN and CMCN).The developed energetic TNCN and TCMCN exhibited insensitive character with excellent features such as density of 1.710 g/cm3and 1.726 g/cm3,nitrogen content of 20.95%and 22.59%,and detonation velocity of 7552 m/s and 7786 m/s,respectively,and thereby demonstrate their potential applications as new generation of energetic biopolymers to substitute the common NCN.Furthermore,thermal results showed that the designed nitrated and chemical modified cellulosic biopolymers displayed good thermal stability with multistep decomposition mechanism.These results enrich future prospects for the design of promising insensitive and high-energy dense cellulose-rich materials and commence a new chapter in this field.

Crystal Structures and Photoluminescence of Two New Tetrazole-based Complexes

The solution reactions of the metal salts with 2,2＇-bipyfidine （2,2＇-bipy） and ethyl tetrazole-5-carboxylate （Hetzc） afforded two new tetrazole-based complexes M（2,2＇-bipy）2（etzc）2 （M=Mn 1, Zn 2）, and their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Crystallographic data for 1： C28H26MnN12O4, Mr = 649.55, monoclinic, space group C2/c, a= 19.326（15）, b = 11.051（6）, c = 16.388（13）А,β= 117.38（4）° V= 3108（4） А^3, Z= 4, Dc = 1.388 g/cm^3, F（000） = 1340, R = 0.0557 and wR = 0.1269; and those for 2： C28H26ZnN12O4, Mr = 659.98, monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 19.173（4）, b = 11.006（2）, c = 16.266（4） А, β= 118.11（3）°, V= 3027.4（11） А^3, Z = 4, Dc=1.448 g/cm3, F（000） = 1360, R = 0.0428 and wR = 0.1000. The structures of 1 and 2 are isomorphic and consist of isolated neutral mononuclear units. The metal atoms have highly distorted octahedral coordination environments with two N atoms from two etzc ligands and four N atoms from two 2,2＇-bipy molecules. The isolated mononuclear units are connected by π…π stacking interactions to generate one-dimensional chains. The thermal stability and photoluminescence have also been discussed.

Environmentally friendly, microwave-assisted synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles by recyclable CuO nanoparticles via(3+2) cycloaddition of nitriles and NaN_3

Recyclable CuO nanoparticles were successfully employed to catalyze the microwave‐assisted(3+2)cycloaddition reaction between nitriles and NaN3to efficiently synthesize5‐substituted1H‐tetrazoles.The salient features associated with this protocol are its cost effectiveness,rapid synthesis,stability,reusability,mild reaction conditions without any additives,high tolerance to various functional groups,and excellent yields under microwave irradiation.This environmentally friendly,microwave‐assisted,nanoparticle‐catalyzed synthetic methodology is seen as an alternative to conventional procedures that involve Lewis acid catalysts and a simple operation to the privileged scaffold.

3-(Tetrazol-5-yl)-2-imino-coumarins Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation on Tumor Cell Lines

The first report of new 3-(tetrazol-5-yl)-2-iminocoumarin derivatives is described. The title compounds were prepared in two steps and were obtained in good yields (55-93%). They have been fully characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, FTIR, UV-Visible and HRMS. They were tested for their antiproliferative activities against six representative human tumor cell lines (Huh 7-D12, Caco2, MDA-MB231, HCT 116, PC3 and NCI-H727) and HaCat keratinocytes. Among them, compound 5e was active on HCT 116 (IC50 15 μM).