STUDY OF STRUCTURE AND RIGIDITY OF AIR-JET TEXTURED YARN(ATY)

This paper deals with the structure of air-jet textured yarn(ATY),especilly its core structurein dedail.It is described that overfeed of supply yarn does influence the ATY structure.Then thebending rigidity of ATY has been measured and analyzed.The results shows that various supplyyarns affect the core structure and bending rigidity of ATY.

Changes in Texture, Structure and Pectin of Peach during Pressurization, Heating or Processing of High-pressure-induced and Heat-induced Jam

The objectives of this study are to research the relationship between pectin and the softening of peach by soaking in citric acid solutions for 24 h at 35 ℃, pressurizing for 30 rain at 500 MPa or heating for 10 min. Also, comparing high-pressure-induced jam （HP-jam） and heat-induced jam （H-jam） were evaluated. It was found that firmness of the peach decreased greatly when soaked at pH 2.0 〉 heated 〉 soaked at pH 2.2 or 2.5 〉 pressurized, respectively. About 88% of the peach pectin was water-soluble-pectin and high-methoxyl pectin, while low-methoxyl pectin was slight. During pressurization, the pectin did not change. However, pectin degraded through hydrolysis during heating; consequently, the middle lamella separated. Also, eight kinds of peach jam （65% sugar, pH 2.0 or pH 2.2, and 50% or 60% sugar, pH 2.5） were compared. Both color and flavor of HP-jam were better than H-jam. As the pH values were lower, L-, a-, b-values of jam became higher, and the jam became pinker. Raw peach contained about 0.3%-0.4% pectin, therefore, an addition of 0.6% pectin was needed for both HP- and H-jams. However, there was no great difference in rheology or sensory evaluation between HP- and H-jams.

Effects of Soil Texture on the Growth of Young Apple Trees and Soil Microbial Community Structure Under Replanted Conditions

A two-year field experiment was carried out in order to study the occurrence degree and mechanism of apple replant disease(ARD)in the apple orchards with different soil textures.So we can adopt appropriate controlmeasures according to the severity of ARD.Healthy two-year-old seedlings with consistent growth were selected,of which the root stock was T337 and the scion was Yanfu 3.There were significant differences in biomass between methyl bromide fumigation and replanted treatments,and the difference was the largest in clay loam,followed by sandy loam,and loam,which verified ARD in clay loam was most serious,followed by sandy loam and loam.Based on high-throughput sequencing of fungi in soil samples,fungal richness and diversity were the highest in clay loam,followed by sandy loam,and loam.The relative abundance of Fusarium in SX,SL,FX,FL,WX and WL was 7.33%,19.32%,2.70%,4.24%,10.71%and 23.87%,respectively.Based on Real-time quantitative analysis,there were significant differences in the number of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani between methyl bromide fumigation and replanted treatments,i.e.,clay loam>sandy loam>loam.Fusarium was the main pathogen causing ARD.This shows that ARD is the most serious under replanted clay loam condition.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to prove the difference in Fusarium was one of the important reasons for ARD under different soil textures.This technology provides a new idea for the prevention and control of ARD.

Dual optimization image repair algorithm based on linear structure and optimal texture

The performances of repaired image depend on the local information in the repaired area and the consistency between the repair directions with structural content.Image repair algorithm with texture information performs well in repairing seriously damaged images,but it has bad performances when the images have the abundant structure information.The dual optimization image repair algorithm based on the linear structure and the optimal texture is proposed.The algorithm uses the double-constraint sparse model to reconstruct the missed information in large area in order to improve the clarity of repaired images.After adopting the preference of Criminisi priority,the image repair algorithm of self-similarity characteristics is proposed to improve the fault and fuzzy distortion phenomena in the repaired image.The results show that the proposed algorithm has more clarity in the image texture and structure and better effectiveness,and the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the repaired images by proposed algorithm is superior to that by other algorithms.

Influence of B2 ordered structure on deformation texture

The formation of cold rolling textures in FeCo, CuZn and Fe 3Al based alloys with B2 structure was analyzed using X ray diffraction technology. The difference of deformation textures obviously demonstrated the different behaviors of plastic deformation in the alloys. The boundary energy of anti phase domains has important influence on the crystallographic behaviors of B2 ordered alloys during deformation. The activation of slip systems on the ｛110｝ planes should be the main deformation mechanism in B2 ordered alloys. The mechanical twinning on ｛112｝ planes appeared frequently in CuZn alloy with lower boundary energy of anti phase domains, while a rather typical rolling texture like that in BCC metals was observed in Fe 3Al alloy with incomplete B2 structure, indicating that its boundary energy of anti phase domains does not have important influence on the deformation mechanism similar to BCC metals.

Nanoscale Reciprocating Sliding Contacts of Textured Surfaces:Influence of Structure Parameters and Indentation Depth

Textured surfaces are widely used in engineering components as they can improve tribological properties of sliding contacts, while the detailed behaviors of nanoscale reciprocating sliding contacts of textured surfaces are still lack of study. By using multiscale method, two dimensional nanoscale reciprocating sliding contacts of textured surfaces are investigated. The influence of indentation depth, texture shape, texture spacing, and tip radius on the average friction forces and the running-in stages is studied. The results show that the lowest indentation depth can make all the four textured surfaces reach steady state. Surfaces with right-angled trapezoid textures on the right side are better for reducing the running-in stage, and surfaces with right-angled trapezoid textures on the left side are better to reduce wear. Compared with other textured surfaces, the total average friction forces can be reduced by 82.94%–91.49% for the case of the contact between the tip with radius R = 60rand the isosceles trapezoid textured surface. Besides,the total average friction forces increase with the tip radii due to that bigger tip will induce higher contact areas. This research proposes a detailed study on nanoscale reciprocating sliding contacts of textured surfaces, to contribute to design textured surfaces, reduce friction and wear.

FEATURES OF ANNEALING MICROSTRUCTURE AND TEXTURE IN Ti－25Al－10Nb－3V－1Mo SHEET

ＦＥＡＴＵＲＥＳＯＦＡＮＮＥＡＬＩＮＧＭＩＣＲＯＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＴＥＸＴＵＲＥＩＮＴｉ－２５Ａｌ－１０Ｎｂ－３Ｖ－１ＭｏＳＨＥＥＴＭａｏＷｅｉｍｉｎ；ＹｕＹｏｎｇｎｉｎｇ；ＹａｎｇＨｏｎｇ；ＳｏｎｇＢｏ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭａｔｅｒｉａ...

^(60)Co irradiation effect on cooked rice texture and amylopectin structure

The effect of γ irradiation on the cooked rice texture and amylopectin structure is studied with three varieties (Zhefu 504, Zhefu 802 and Zaogeng T2) subjected to 4kGy, skGy and 12kGy irradiation. The results indicate that irradiation has significant effect on the texture of the cooked rice; the hardness, cohesiveness,gumminess and chewiness reduce significantly with the increase of the irradiation dose.Irradiation also affects the chain length distribution of the amylopectin, the side-chains of amylopectin of Zhefu 504 with the 12DP, Zhefu 802 with 24DP13 and Zaogeng T2 with 24DP13 and 36DP25 are broken.

Prediction of Protein OmpH in Structure of C47-8 Pasteurella multocida

[Objective] This study aimed to predict the structure of protein OmpH from Pasteurella multocida C47-8 （PmC47-8） strain of yak. [Method] Online BLAST, signal peptide prediction, secondary structure prediction and protein characteristics of sequencing result of gene OmpH from PmC47-8 strain were analyzed. [Result] The similarities of gene OmpH from PmC47-8 with the published 81 OmpH genes were between 84% and 99%; a signal peptide was found with the cleavage sites between 20 and 21 in the polypeptide; secondary structure prediction showed that folding structure accounted for 49.8% and loop structure for 50.2%; it predicted that there were 7 O-glycosylation sites in OmpH protein with the amino acid residual sites of 2, 45, 48, 330, 716, 721, 723, respectively, and 2 N-glycosylation sites with the amino acid residual sites of 15 and 35. [Conclusion] This study lays the foundation for the study on the immunity of OmpH gene from yak.

Reactive adsorption of thiophene on Ni/ZnO adsorbent:Effect of ZnO textural structure on the desulfurization activity

To better understand the nature of reactive adsorption of thiophene on Ni/ZnO adsorbent,the effect of ZnO textural structure on the desulfurization activity was investigated.ZnO materials were synthesized by low-temperature solid-state reaction and the corresponding Ni/ZnO adsorbents were prepared by incipient impregnation method.The analysis results showed that the crystalline sizes of ZnO as-synthesized as well as the BET surface areas varied obviously with the calcination temperature.The activity evaluations indicated that the Ni/ZnO adsorbents prepared with ZnO possessed a favorable textural structure as active component exhibited good activity of removing thiophene.The evolutions of the main crystalline phases of Ni/ZnO adsorbents before and after reaction confirmed that ZnO played a crucial role in taking up S element and converting it into ZnS in the reactive adsorption process.It was concluded that ZnO with larger surface area and smaller crystal particles resulted in better desulfurization activity,which may be the main reason for the different activities of the Ni/ZnO adsorbents prepared with ZnO calcined at different temperatures.

Surface and Texture Properties of Tb-Doped Ceria-Zirconia Solid Solution Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

The three-way catalysts （TWCs） promoters Ce0.6Zr0.4- x TbxO2-y were prepared by sol-gel method. BET surface areas analysis indicated that an increase of the dopant Tb content from x = 0.05 to x = 0.15 favors an increase of surface area from 66.8 to 80.4 m^2· g^-1 compared with the undoped sample Ce0 .6oZr0.40O2 65.1 m^2·g^- 1 after calcination at 650℃. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） observation indicated that the doped samples have a higher thermal stability. The XRD and Raman spectra confirmed that the Ce0.6Zr0.4-xTbxO2-y cubic solid solution is formed. XPS analysis revealed that Ce and Tb mainly existed in the form of Ce^4＋ and Tb^3 ＋ , and Zr existed in the form of Zr^4＋ on the surface of the samples. The doped samples were homogenous in composition ; the introduction of Tb into the CeO2-ZrO2 promoters resuited in the formation of a solid solution, and the concentration of surface lattice oxygen was increased.

Analysis of Machinable Structures and Their Wettability of Rotary Ultrasonic Texturing Method

Tailored surface textures at the micro- or nanoscale dimensions are widely used to get required functional performances. Rotary ultrasonic texturing （RUT） technique has been proved to be capable of fabricating periodic micro- and nanostructures. In the present study, diamond tools with geometrically defined cutting edges were designed for fabricating different types of tailored surface textures using the RUT method. Surface generation mechanisms and machinable structures of the RUT process are analyzed and simulated with a 3D-CAD program. Textured surfaces generated by using a triangular pyramid cutting tip are constructed. Different textural patterns from several micrometers to several tens of micrometers with few burrs were successfully fabricated, which proved that tools with a proper two-rake-face design are capable of removing cutting chips efficiently along a sinusoidal cutting locus in the RUT process. Technical applications of the textured surfaces are also discussed. Wetting properties of textured aluminum surfaces were evaluated by combining the test of surface roughness features. The results show that the real surface area of the textured aluminum surfaces almost doubled by comparing with that of a flat surface, and anisotropic wetting properties were obtained due to the obvious directional textural features.

Periodic oscillation and fine structure of wedge-induced oblique detonation waves

An oblique detonation wave for a Mach 7 inlet flow over a long enough wedge of 30 turning angle is simulated numerically using Euler equation and one-step rection model.The fifth-order WENO scheme is adopted to capture the shock wave.The numerical results show that with the compression of the wedge wall the detonation wave front structure is divided into three sections：the ZND model-like strcuture,single-sided triple point structure and dual-headed triple point strucuture.The first structure is the smooth straight,and the second has the characteristic of the triple points propagating dowanstream only with the same velocity,while the dual-headed triple point structure is very complicated.The detonation waves facing upstream and downstream propagate with different velocities,in which the periodic collisions of the triple points cause the oscillation of the detonation wave front.This oscillation process has temporal and spatial periodicity.In addition,the triple point trace are recorded to obtain different cell structures in three sections.

Continental- Margin Structure of Northeast China and Its Adjacent Areas

The continental margin of Northeast China and its adjacent areas is composed of two tectonic belts. The inner belt is a collage made up of fragments resulting from breakup of an old land with the north part related to the evolution of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean and the south part to the evolution of the Palaeo - Pacific Ocean. The outer belt is a Mesozoic terrane, which is a melange made up of fragments of the Late Palaeozoic to Early Mesozoic oceanic crust and the Late M esozoic trench accumulations.There existed another ocean-the Palaeo - Pacific Ocean during the period from the closing of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean to the opening of the modern Pacific Ocean or from the Devonian to Jurassic, and the ocean-floor spreading of the Palaeo - Pacific Ocean led to the formation of the above-mentioned tectonic belts. The development of the strike-slip fault system after the Late Jurassic and the formation of an epicontinental volcano -plutonic rock belt in the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary are attributed to the interaction between the modern Pacific plate and the Eurasian plate.

Synthesis and Structure of 2-Isobutyl-6-(2',4'-dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole

The crystal structure of the title compound, 2-isobutyl-6-(2?4?dichlorophenyl)- imidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole (C14H13Cl2N3S, Mr = 326.23), has been synthesized by the treatment of 2-amino-5-isobutyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole with a-chloroaceto-2,4-dichlorophenone and determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 12.483(7), b = 8.420(4), c = 14.998(8) ? b = 105.770(10)? V = 1517.0(14) 3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.428 g/cm3, S = 0.902, m(MoKa) = 0.558 mm-1, F (000) = 672, R = 0.0579 and wR = 0.1186. The X-ray analytic results showed that all ring atoms in the imidazothiadiazole moiety are almost coplanar. The dihedral angel between the phenyl group and hetero-cycle is 16.8(0.2)?

Symplectic analysis for elastic wave propagation in two-dimensional cellular structures

On the basis of the finite element analysis, the elastic wave propagation in cellular structures is investigated using the symplectic algorithm. The variation principle is first applied to obtain the dual variables and the wave propagation problem is then transformed into two-dimensional （2D） symplectic eigenvalue problems, where the extended Wittrick-Williams algorithm is used to ensure that no phase propagation eigenvalues are missed during computation. Three typical cellular structures, square, triangle and hexagon, are introduced to illustrate the unique feature of the symplectic algorithm in higher-frequency calculation, which is due to the conserved properties of the structure-preserving symplectic algorithm. On the basis of the dispersion relations and phase constant surface analysis, the band structure is shown to be insensitive to the material type at lower frequencies, however, much more related at higher frequencies. This paper also demonstrates how the boundary conditions adopted in the finite element modeling process and the structures＇ configurations affect the band structures. The hexagonal cells are demonstrated to be more efficient for sound insulation at higher frequencies, while the triangular cells are preferred at lower frequencies. No complete band gaps are observed for the square cells with fixed-end boundary conditions. The analysis of phase constant surfaces guides the design of 2D cellular structures where waves at certain frequencies do not propagate in specified directions. The findings from the present study will provide invaluable guidelines for the future application of cellular structures in sound insulation.

Influence of La precursors on structure and properties of CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3 composite oxides

Three La-doped CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3(CZA)composite oxide samples,namely,CZA-I,CZA-II and CZA-III,were prepared following a co-precipitation method in the presence of La2O3,La(NO3)3-6H2O and H[La(EDTA)]-16H2O precursors,respectively.When the precursor samples are sintered at 1000°C,the as-prepared composite oxides mainly exhibit the CeO2-ZrO2 cubic fluorite phase,while theγ-Al2O3 andδ-Al2O3 phases appear when the precursor samples are subjected to sintering at 1100 and 1200°C.CZA-III exhibits improved redox properties after high-temperature treatment compared with CZA-I and CZA-II.CZA-III presents the largest surface area of 97.46 m2/g among the three CZAs when the CZA-III precursor sample is sintered at 1000°C.Furthermore,the corresponding oxygen storage capacity(OSC)is the largest with value of 400.27μmol/g when CZA-III precursor sample is sintered at 1000°C.Additionally,CZA-III exhibits the best thermal stability and the highest reduction temperature.However,by increasing the sintering temperature to 1200°C,there is a dramatic decline in the properties of surface area and OSC.And a decrease for CZA-III in surface area by 58.94%and a decrease of the OSC value by 74.56%are observed.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Fluorescent Property and DFT Calculations of a New Zn(Ⅱ) Complex Based on 3-(2-Pyridyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole

A new coordination compound Zn（2,4＇-bpt）2（H2O）（1） based on the versatile ligand 2,4＇-Hbpt（2,4？-Hbpt = 3-（2-pyridyl）-5-（4-pyridyl）-1H-1,2,4-triazole） was prepared by hydrothermal reactions. The structure of complex 1 has been characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, elemental analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, IR spectrum analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the complex belongs to monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 23.877（3）, b = 0.7483（9）, c = 1.2492（2） A, b = 92.681（2）°, V = 2230.6（4） A^3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.572 g/cm^3, m = 1.143 mm^-1, Mr = 527.85 and F（000） = 1080. The final R = 0.0581 and wR = 0.0898 with I 〉 2s（I）. 1 is a 0D motif which is connected by hydrogen bonds to form a corrugated 1D pattern. In addition, 1 shows strong photoluminescent emissions in the solid state at room temperature which can be used as potential optical materials. Theoretical calculations based on density functional theory（DFT） were employed in order to explicate the stability and chemical reactivity of 2,4＇-Hbpt with different conformations. The results indicated that conformation I is more stable and prior to coordination in the reactions.

Generating micro/nanostructures on magnesium alloy surface using ultraprecision diamond surface texturing process

The lightness and high strength-to-weight ratio of the magnesium alloy have attracted more interest in various applications.However,micro/nanostructure generation on their surfaces remains a challenge due to the flammability and ignition.Motivated by this,this study proposed a machining process,named the ultraprecision diamond surface texturing process,to machine the micro/nanostructures on magnesium alloy surfaces.Experimental results showed the various microstructures and sawtooth-shaped nanostructures were successfully generated on the AZ31B magnesium alloy surfaces,demonstrating the effectiveness of this proposed machining process.Furthermore,sawtooth-shaped nanostructures had the function of inducing the optical effect and generating different colors on workpiece surfaces.The colorful letter and colorful flower image were clearly viewed on magnesium alloy surfaces.The corresponding cutting force,chip morphology,and tool wear were systematically investigated to understand the machining mechanism of micro/nanostructures on magnesium alloy surfaces.The proposed machining process can further improve the performances of the magnesium alloy and extend its functions to other fields,such as optics.

Internal structures and high-velocity frictional properties of Longmenshan fault zone at Shenxigou activated during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

This paper reports internal structures of a wide fault zone at Shenxigou,Dujiangyan,Sichuan province,China,and high-velocity frictional properties of the fault gouge collected near the coseismic slip zone during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Vertical offset and horizontal displacement at the trench site were 2.8 m（NW side up）and 4.8 m（right-lateral）,respectively.The fault zone formed in Triassic sandstone,siltstone,and shale about 500 m away from the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault,a major fault in the Longmenshan fault system.A trench survey across the coseismic fault,and observations of outcrops and drill cores down to a depth of 57 m revealed that the fault zone consists of fault gouge and fault breccia of about0.5 and 250-300 m in widths,respectively,and that the fault strikes N62°E and dips 68° to NW.Quaternary conglomerates were recovered beneath the fault in the drilling,so that the fault moved at least 55 m along the coseismic slip zone,experiencing about 18 events of similar sizes.The fault core is composed of grayish gouge（GG） and blackish gouge（BG） with very complex slip-zone structures.BG contains low-crystalline graphite of about 30 %.High-velocity friction experiments were conducted at normal stresses of 0.6-2.1 MPa and slip rates of 0.1-2.1 m/s.Both GG and BG exhibit dramatic slip weakening at constant high slip rates that can be described as an exponential decay from peak friction coefficient lpto steadystate friction coefficient lssover a slip-weakening distance Dc.Deformation of GG and BG is characterized by overlapped slip-zone structures and development of sharp slickenside surfaces,respectively.Comparison of our data with those reported for other outcrops indicates that the high-velocity frictional properties of the Longmenshan fault zones are quite uniform and the high-velocity weakening must have promoted dynamic rupture propagation during the Wenchuan earthquake.