Shear mechanical properties and frictional sliding responses of rough joint surfaces under dynamic normal displacement conditions

A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic frictional characteristics in rock joints under high normal load and strong confinement is essential for ensuring the safety of deep engineering construction and mitigating geological disasters.This study conducted shear experiments on rough rock joints under displacement-controlled dynamic normal loads,investigating the shear behaviors of joints across varying initial normal loads,normal loading frequencies,and normal loading amplitudes.Experimental results showed that the peak/valley shear force values increased with initial normal loads and normal loading frequencies but showed an initial increase followed by a decrease with normal loading amplitudes.Dynamic normal loading can either increase or decrease shear strength,while this study demonstrates that higher frequencies lead to enhanced friction.Increased initial normal loading and normal loading frequency result in a gradual decrease in joint roughness coefficient(JRC)values of joint surfaces after shearing.Positive correlations existed between frictional energy dissipation and peak shear forces,while post-shear joint surface roughness exhibited a negative correlation with peak shear forces through linear regression analysis.This study contributes to a better understanding of the sliding responses and shear mechanical characteristics of rock joints under dynamic disturbances.

Anisotropic dynamic permeability model for porous media

Based on the tortuous capillary network model,the relationship between anisotropic permeability and rock normal strain,namely the anisotropic dynamic permeability model(ADPM),was derived and established.The model was verified using pore-scale flow simulation.The uniaxial strain process was calculated and the main factors affecting permeability changes in different directions in the deformation process were analyzed.In the process of uniaxial strain during the exploitation of layered oil and gas reservoirs,the effect of effective surface porosity on the permeability in all directions is consistent.With the decrease of effective surface porosity,the sensitivity of permeability to strain increases.The sensitivity of the permeability perpendicular to the direction of compression to the strain decreases with the increase of the tortuosity,while the sensitivity of the permeability in the direction of compression to the strain increases with the increase of the tortuosity.For layered reservoirs with the same initial tortuosity in all directions,the tortuosity plays a decisive role in the relative relationship between the variations of permeability in all directions during pressure drop.When the tortuosity is less than 1.6,the decrease rate of horizontal permeability is higher than that of vertical permeability,while the opposite is true when the tortuosity is greater than 1.6.This phenomenon cannot be represented by traditional dynamic permeability model.After the verification by experimental data of pore-scale simulation,the new model has high fitting accuracy and can effectively characterize the effects of deformation in different directions on the permeability in all directions.

ADJOINT OPERATOR METHOD AND NORMAL FORMS OF HIGHER ORDER FOR NONLINEAR DYNAMICAL SYSTEM

Normal form theory is a very effective method when we study degenerate bifurcations of nonlinear dynamical systems. In this paper by using adjoint operator method, normal forms of order 3 and 4 for nonlinear dynamical system with nilpotent linear part and Z(2)-asymmetry are computed. According to normal forms obtained, universal unfoldings for some degenerate bifurcation cases of codimension 3 and simple global characterizations, are studied.

Dynamic collision avoidance for cooperative fixed-wing UAV swarm based on normalized artificial potential field optimization

Cooperative path planning is an important area in fixed-wing UAV swarm.However,avoiding multiple timevarying obstacles and avoiding local optimum are two challenges for existing approaches in a dynamic environment.Firstly,a normalized artificial potential field optimization is proposed by reconstructing a novel function with anisotropy in each dimension,which can make the flight speed of a fixed UAV swarm independent of the repulsive/attractive gain coefficient and avoid trapping into local optimization and local oscillation.Then,taking into account minimum velocity and turning angular velocity of fixed-wing UAV swarm,a strategy of decomposing target vector to avoid moving obstacles and pop-up threats is proposed.Finally,several simulations are carried out to illustrate superiority and effectiveness.

SINGULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF NONLINEAR NORMAL MODES IN A TWO DEGREES OF FREEDOM ASYMMETRIC SYSTEMS WITH CUBIC NONLINEARITIES

Nonlinear normal modes in a two degrees of freedom asymmetric system with cubic nonlinearities as singularity occurs in the system are studied, based on the invariant space in nonlinear normal modes and perturbation technique. Emphasis is placed on singular characteristics as the linear coupling between subsystems degenerated. For nonresonances, it is analytically presented that a single-mode motion and localization of vibrations occur in the system, and the degree of localization relates not only to the coupling stiffness between oscillators, but also to the asymmetric parameter. The parametric threshold value of localization is analytically given. For 1 : 1 resonance, there exist bifurcations of normal modes with nonlinearly coupling stiffness and asymmetric parameter varying. The bifurcating set on the parameter and bifurcating curves of normal modes are obtained.

Robust adaptive output stabilization using dynamic normalizing signal

For a class of nonlinear systems with dynamic uncertainties, robust adaptive stabilization problem is considered in this paper. Firstly, by introducing an observer, an augmented system is obtained. Based on the system, we construct an exp-ISpS Lyapunov function for the unmodeled dynamics, prove that the unmodeled dynamics is exp-ISpS, and then obtain a dynamic normalizing signal to counteract the dynamic disturbances. By the backstepping technique, an adaptive controller is given, it is proved that all the signals in the adaptive control system are globally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the output can be regulated to the origin with any prescribed accuracy. A simulation example further demonstrates the efficiency of the control scheme.

STATIC CORRECTION MODES IN DYNAMICAL SIMULATION OF FLEXIBLE MULTIBODY SYSTEM WITH CLOSED LOOPS

By use of the recursive formulation of flexible multibody system with closed loops,this paper studies the dynamic simulation of complicated multibody system.The conception of static correction modes in structural dynamics is introduced to present the local deformation effects due to reaction forces at kinematic joints.A space four bar mechanism is utilized here as an example to describe the method of selecting static correction modes.Compared with vibration normal modes, static correction modes are demonstrated to be effective in numerical simulation.

Dynamic coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical problem for heterogeneous deep-sea sediments under vibration of mining vehicle

Due to the influence of deep-sea environment,deep-sea sediments are usually heterogeneous,and their moduli of elasticity and density change as depth changes.Combined with the characteristics of deep-sea sediments,the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling dynamic response model of heterogeneous saturated porous sediments can be established to study the influence of elastic modulus,density,frequency,and load amplitude changes on the model.Based on the Green-Lindsay generalized thermoelasticity theory and Darcy’s law,the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled dynamic response model and governing equations of heterogeneous deep-sea sediments with nonlinear elastic modulus and density are established.The analytical solutions of dimensionless vertical displacement,vertical stress,excess pore water pressure,and temperature are obtained by means of normal modal analysis,which are depicted graphically.The results show that the changes of elastic modulus and density have few effects on vertical displacement,vertical stress,and temperature,but have great effects on excess pore water pressure.When the mining machine vibrates,the heterogeneity of deep-sea sediments has great influence on vertical displacement,vertical stress,and excess pore water pressure,but has few effects on temperature.In addition,the vertical displacement,vertical stress,and excess pore water pressure of heterogeneous deep-sea sediments change more gently.The variation trends of physical quantities for heterogeneous and homogeneous deep-sea sediments with frequency and load amplitude are basically the same.The results can provide theoretical guidance for deep-sea mining engineering construction.

储粮仓仓壁动态侧压力的树模型预测方法

针对储粮仓卸料时仓壁动态侧压力难以准确预测的问题,利用机器学习方法中的树模型建立了仓壁动态侧压力预测模型。首先,分析了仓壁动态侧压力的主要影响因素为筒仓的结构尺寸、贮料的物理参数及测点位置。利用收集的496组仓壁动态侧压力数据,构建机器学习预测模型的数据集。然后,基于树模型,建立了仓壁动态侧压力的决策树(decision tree,DT)预测模型,在此基础上,利用Bagging算法和Boosting算法,建立了仓壁动态侧压力的随机森林(random forest,RF)预测模型和梯度提升树(gradient boosting decision tree,GBDT)预测模型。通过对比3种预测模型在测试集的均方误差(mean-square error,MSE)、决定系数和相对误差,表明GBDT预测模型的泛化性能最优。最后,通过开展模型试验和数值模拟,对GBDT预测模型进行验证,结果表明拟合良好。同时,根据树模型的分枝原理,判断出仓壁动态侧压力影响因素的重要性,得到对于贮料的物理参数,密度的重要性排第一;对于筒仓的结构尺寸,卸料口尺寸排第一。因此,在进行储粮仓设计时,建议优先考虑仓内散体物料的密度和仓的卸料口尺寸。

室外动态车标图像关键特征边缘识别仿真

由于室外环境光照条件复杂,当车辆在行驶时,车标图像会产生运动模糊,导致边缘位置模糊,从而影响边缘的准确识别。为了有效解决上述问题,提出一种室外动态车标图像关键特征边缘精准识别方法。通过先验知识对室外动态车标粗定位,采用背景纹理去除方法获取精定位图像。结合RGB颜色空间类别,计算室外动态视频图像矢量距离和平均矢量,获取图像线性函数,并统计其类别。分析动态车标图像决策规则,展开室外动态车标图像的分割和决策分类,采用图像局部离散系数,得到离散矩阵。计算室外车标图像的动态阈值以及灰度值,将车标图像边缘关键特征归一化处理,实现车标图像关键特征边缘精准识别。实验结果表明,所提方法可以有效提升车标定位结果的准确性,且车标图像关键特征边缘的平均识别率在90%以上,同时可以有效减少识别时间。

不同类风场雨滴冲击荷载对输变电塔线体系动力响应的影响研究

输变电塔体系遭受风雨耦合作用破坏时常将原因归于风荷载,忽略了雨荷载耦合激励的放大效应。针对某输电线路“一塔两线”体系模型,以数值方法模拟良态风雨场与湿下击暴流场的风雨时程荷载,分别对塔线体系进行动力响应分析,结果表明:降雨对输电塔线体系的响应,具有显著影响,随着雨强变大,塔线体系响应增大明显;在极值降雨条件下,湿下击暴流场塔顶位移增幅最大,在X向和Y向分别达到31.30%和33.93%;两种风雨场中塔顶位移及加速度功率谱密度均出现明显增幅,体系共振响应增强,塔身关键位置主材应力分别增大了11.64%、37.07%;在不同类风场中,强降雨时雨滴冲击对塔线体系产生的激励增大作用不可忽略。

Winkler地基梁动力学系统的无量纲化与参数识别

为简化Winkler地基梁动力学系统的双参数识别计算,提出一种新无量纲方法,通过对系统时间、空间坐标进行线性变换,实现动力学方程系数的彻底归一化,得到与系统参数解耦的广义频率方程,发现频率、频率比仅由无量纲梁长决定的本质.提出基于频率比互等关系的双参数识别算法,该算法通过对广义频率方程进行一次求解即可在相应边界条件下得到频率、频率比关于无量纲梁长的预解集,在得到该系统任意两阶实测频率后,即可依托于时间、空间还原系数所建立的线性转换关系实现对双系统参数的定解.较之于传统双参数识别算法,该算法具有两个特点:(1)识别计算仅涉及单变量超越方程的求解与线性转换,避免了双参数超越方程组的非线性迭代问题,可使识别计算得到有效简化.(2)任意系统参数值的变化仅影响时空、空间还原系数的大小,预解集具有适用于系统参数值任意变化的一般性,可有效避免因系统参数值改变而导致重复迭代的情况,实现了解的一般化.

湿基α-半水石膏制备高强石膏制品研究

为实现湿基α-半水石膏制备高强石膏制品,研究了湿基α-半水石膏陈化时间、粉磨时间、浇筑料浆温度及缓凝剂掺量等工艺参数对高强石膏凝结时间和强度的影响,并确定最佳制备工艺。此外,采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等微观测试手段,揭示了各因素对强度的影响机理。结果表明:陈化时间越长,石膏凝结时间越短,制品强度越低;随着粉磨时间延长,石膏凝结时间显著缩短,制品强度先升高后降低;料浆温度越高,石膏凝结时间越长,制品强度越低。最佳制备工艺:陈化时间5 min、粉磨时间20 s、料浆温度20℃。在此基础上加入0.08%(质量分数)缓凝剂能够有效地延长石膏凝结时间并提高硬化强度,制备的石膏制品性能优异,绝干抗折强度为14.1 MPa,绝干抗压强度为58.3 MPa。微观测试结果表明,各工艺参数会通过改变石膏标稠用水量和水化进程来影响石膏内部结构的密实程度和二水石膏晶体的生长发育,最终影响制品硬化强度。

基于NNC法和DMC算法的CCHP型微电网两阶段调度

冷热电联产(combined cooling, heating and power,CCHP)系统与微电网的结合有利于促进消纳可再生能源,为了提升CCHP型微电网的经济性、环保性和稳定性,提出了两阶段优化调度模型。离线优化阶段基于需求侧响应策略,建立了基于归一化法向约束法的多目标规划模型,并用熵权-TOPSIS法筛选最优结果。在线优化阶段建立了基于动态矩阵控制算法的有限时域优化模型,对离线优化结果进行跟踪优化和反馈校正,以降低不确定性因素的影响。最后,设计对比方案进行分析,验证了所提优化模型的有效性。

稀溶液中大幅拉伸高分子单链的弛豫动力学

针对大幅拉伸的高分子单链在Θ溶剂和良溶剂中的弛豫过程,分别通过解析理论和分子动力学模拟方法研究了弛豫动力学.对比研究发现,相对于研究高分子链在平衡态下的弛豫动力学(利用有关物理量的自关联函数),本文的非平衡态方法可以明确地揭示弛豫时间与简正模式之间标度行为的动态演化.结果表明,相关的物理量在弛豫初期均受到非平衡态的影响,而在较长时间后,高分子链的弛豫动力学则与平衡态下的结果相吻合;在高分子链的最长弛豫时间与链长的标度关系方面,平衡态和非平衡态两种方法的研究结果也一致.研究结果表明,高分子链在非平衡态下的短时和长时弛豫动力学可以更加细致地阐明弛豫全过程,给出更加丰富的结构-特征关系,从而为深入探讨高分子链的非平衡弛豫提供可借鉴的线索.

基于VPP碳流计算的多目标多时间尺度优化调度

为研究虚拟电厂低碳经济运行策略,以虚拟电厂能流和碳流模型为基础,执行了多目标多时间尺度优化调度。首先,基于碳流走向建立虚拟电厂低碳经济运行的非线性多目标规划模型,并采用归一化法向约束法进行求解。然后,建立了基于动态矩阵控制算法的有限时域优化模型,对日前结果进行跟踪优化和反馈校正,以降低不确定性因素的影响。最后,仿真对比实验验证了所提调度策略能在保证碳流计算精度超过95%的前提下实现虚拟电厂低碳经济运行。

不同降水年型环境因子对水质的影响

通过检测2019年和2021年7月—9月颍河源头流域水质,采用多元逐步线性回归分析和冗余分析检验环境因子与水质之间的关系。结果表明:2019年(平水年)流域pH值和EC值较高,而2021年(丰水年)N和P含量较高,这说明强降水可能会导致水体富营养化,而正常降水则更可能出现无机污染。平水年总体水质变化与农业用地面积占比和平均海拔高度相关,两者分别占总解释率的31.1%和18.6%。丰水年总体水质变化的主要影响因子为农业用地面积占比和斑块密度,分别占总解释率的26.1%和15.9%。环境因子在平水年和丰水年对总体水质变化的影响分别占总解释率的74.2%和69.3%。

多孔介质各向异性动态渗透率模型

基于迂曲毛细管网络模型,推导建立了各向异性渗透率与岩石正应变间的关系式,即各向异性动态渗透率模型(ADPM),采用孔隙尺度流动模拟对模型进行了验证,并对单轴应变过程进行了计算,分析了变形过程中影响不同方向渗透率变化的主要因素。研究表明:层状油气藏开采的单轴应变过程中,有效面孔率对各方向的渗透率影响规律一致,随着有效面孔率的减小,渗透率对应变的敏感程度增大;垂直于压缩方向的渗透率对应变的敏感程度随迂曲度的增加而减小,沿压缩方向的渗透率对应变的敏感程度随迂曲度的增加而增大。初始各方向迂曲度相同的层状油气藏,在压力下降的过程中,迂曲度对各方向渗透率变化幅度的相对关系起决定性作用,迂曲度小于1.6时,岩石水平方向渗透率的降幅要高于垂向渗透率,迂曲度大于1.6时则相反,传统动态渗透率模型无法表征这一现象。经孔隙尺度模拟实验数据的验证,新模型拟合精度高,可以有效表征不同方向变形对各方向渗透率的影响。

IMPROVEMENT OF MATRIX REPRESENTATION METHOD IN NORMAL FORM THEORY

In this paper, based on the invariant subspace theory and adjoint operator concept of linear operator, a new matrix representation method is proposed to calculate the normal forms of n order general nonlinear dynamic systems. In the method, there is no need to determine the structure of the class of normal forms in advance. Because the subspace is not related to the dimensions of the system and the order of the normal forms directly, it is determined only by a given vector field. So the normal forms with high orders and dimensions can be calculated by the method without difficulties. In this paper, is used the method for selecting the minimal subspace and solving homological equations in the subspace, the examples show that the method is very effective.