The paper presents the change in grain-size composition of lignite under cyclic freezing-thawing (FTC) and wetting-drying (WDC). The article shows that in the spring and autumn periods the lignites can be subjected to...The paper presents the change in grain-size composition of lignite under cyclic freezing-thawing (FTC) and wetting-drying (WDC). The article shows that in the spring and autumn periods the lignites can be subjected to repeated freezing-thawing and wetting-drying, which determines the possibility of changing their grain-size composition and structure. Experimental studies in laboratory conditions on the influence of cyclic freezing-thawing (FTC) and wetting-drying (WDC) on the quality indicators of lignites have been carried out, their granulometric (fractional) composition has been studied. Freezing-thawing cycle conditions are as follows (FTC): minimum exposure temperature: -20°C;maximum: +5°C;relative humidity: 30%;number of processing cycles: 3. Wetting-drying cycles are as follows (WDC): drying temperatures are +20, +40, +60, +80°C, drying time 90 minutes, the coals are further subjected to rain (soaking) for a period of water saturation to humidity of 30% - 40% and dry again. The number of wetting-drying cycles is 3 times. The tests have revealed the destructive effects of FTC and WDC on the samples of lower metamorphic grade coal, and the cycles of wet-dry lead to the much higher yield of fine sizes (-6+0;-13+0 mm) than the cycles of freeze-thaw. Furthermore, it is found that the increase in the yield of fines depends on the heating temperature: coal disintegration proceeds more intensively at a higher temperature of drying.展开更多
The typical loess on high slopes along the BaoLan High-speed Rail, China, was selected as the research object. The influence of the freeze-thaw cycle and dry-wet alternation on the shear-strength parameters of the uns...The typical loess on high slopes along the BaoLan High-speed Rail, China, was selected as the research object. The influence of the freeze-thaw cycle and dry-wet alternation on the shear-strength parameters of the unsaturated loess was investigated by laboratory experimental methods. Moreover, the temperature field, seepage field, and stability of slopes with different gradients were simulated under the effect of the freeze-thaw cycle and dry-wet alternation by using the geotechnical analysis software Geo-Studio. The research results showed(1) when the freeze-thaw cycle was repeated on the slope, with the frozen depth increasing, the melted depth did the same; besides, the closed loop of isotherms formed on the slope;(2) under the action of dry-wet circulation, the negative pore-water pressure and volumetric water content showed an upward tendency. However, owing to the different slope gradients, rainfall infiltration was not the same. As time went by, the differences of the negative pore-water pressure and volumetric water content between the slopes of different gradients continued to increase;(3) with the freeze-thaw cycle and dry-wet alternation increasing, the slope-safety factor decreased. Especially in the early period, the slope-safety factor changed remarkably. For slopes undergoing freeze-thaw action, the slope-safety factor was negatively correlated with the gradient. However, with regard to slopes undergoing dry-wet alternation, the result became more complex because the slope-safety factor was related to both seepage strength and slope grade. Accordingly, further research is needed to study the effect of seepage strength and slope grade on the stability of loess slopes.展开更多
新疆北疆地区某输水明渠工程跨越大面积湿陷性黄土区域,湿陷性黄土经多年降雨、蒸发及季节气温交替变化后力学特性衰减严重,极易造成渠基塌陷及渠坡滑动破坏等工程现象。为深入探究其劣化机制,通过开展干湿-冻融循环条件下湿陷性黄土的...新疆北疆地区某输水明渠工程跨越大面积湿陷性黄土区域,湿陷性黄土经多年降雨、蒸发及季节气温交替变化后力学特性衰减严重,极易造成渠基塌陷及渠坡滑动破坏等工程现象。为深入探究其劣化机制,通过开展干湿-冻融循环条件下湿陷性黄土的直剪、压缩及其微观扫描试验,从宏-微观两个尺度分析其剪切强度、压缩特性的劣化规律及其损伤物理机制。研究结果表明(1)直剪试验:随着干湿-冻融循环次数的增加,峰值抗剪强度呈急速减小-速率减缓-趋于稳定3阶段发展趋势;黏聚力呈指数形式减少,第1次循环减小幅度最大,5次循环后趋于稳定状态,劣化度达到44.55%;内摩擦角变化幅度在2.1°以内,最大劣化度为7.04%,受干湿-冻融循环的影响较小。(2)压缩试验:压缩曲线可依据固结压缩屈服应力σ_(k)分为弹性变形和弹塑性变形两阶段,σ_(k)随循环次数增加前移;压缩系数、压缩指数与循环次数呈指数、幂函数形式减小,土体的整体压缩性减小;回弹指数与循环次数呈线性正相关。(3)微观结构:通过微观电镜扫描(scanning electron microscope,简称SEM)试验分析,在循环作用下,大孔隙减小,中、小孔隙增加,排列方式趋于无序状;大粒径颗粒逐渐转化为中、小颗粒,形态趋向于拟圆形;利用关联度分析发现孔隙大小及其角度是影响剪切强度的主要因素;引入Pearson相关系数发现颗粒形态及孔隙大小对压缩指标的影响程度最大。展开更多
文摘The paper presents the change in grain-size composition of lignite under cyclic freezing-thawing (FTC) and wetting-drying (WDC). The article shows that in the spring and autumn periods the lignites can be subjected to repeated freezing-thawing and wetting-drying, which determines the possibility of changing their grain-size composition and structure. Experimental studies in laboratory conditions on the influence of cyclic freezing-thawing (FTC) and wetting-drying (WDC) on the quality indicators of lignites have been carried out, their granulometric (fractional) composition has been studied. Freezing-thawing cycle conditions are as follows (FTC): minimum exposure temperature: -20°C;maximum: +5°C;relative humidity: 30%;number of processing cycles: 3. Wetting-drying cycles are as follows (WDC): drying temperatures are +20, +40, +60, +80°C, drying time 90 minutes, the coals are further subjected to rain (soaking) for a period of water saturation to humidity of 30% - 40% and dry again. The number of wetting-drying cycles is 3 times. The tests have revealed the destructive effects of FTC and WDC on the samples of lower metamorphic grade coal, and the cycles of wet-dry lead to the much higher yield of fine sizes (-6+0;-13+0 mm) than the cycles of freeze-thaw. Furthermore, it is found that the increase in the yield of fines depends on the heating temperature: coal disintegration proceeds more intensively at a higher temperature of drying.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51769013)
文摘The typical loess on high slopes along the BaoLan High-speed Rail, China, was selected as the research object. The influence of the freeze-thaw cycle and dry-wet alternation on the shear-strength parameters of the unsaturated loess was investigated by laboratory experimental methods. Moreover, the temperature field, seepage field, and stability of slopes with different gradients were simulated under the effect of the freeze-thaw cycle and dry-wet alternation by using the geotechnical analysis software Geo-Studio. The research results showed(1) when the freeze-thaw cycle was repeated on the slope, with the frozen depth increasing, the melted depth did the same; besides, the closed loop of isotherms formed on the slope;(2) under the action of dry-wet circulation, the negative pore-water pressure and volumetric water content showed an upward tendency. However, owing to the different slope gradients, rainfall infiltration was not the same. As time went by, the differences of the negative pore-water pressure and volumetric water content between the slopes of different gradients continued to increase;(3) with the freeze-thaw cycle and dry-wet alternation increasing, the slope-safety factor decreased. Especially in the early period, the slope-safety factor changed remarkably. For slopes undergoing freeze-thaw action, the slope-safety factor was negatively correlated with the gradient. However, with regard to slopes undergoing dry-wet alternation, the result became more complex because the slope-safety factor was related to both seepage strength and slope grade. Accordingly, further research is needed to study the effect of seepage strength and slope grade on the stability of loess slopes.
文摘新疆北疆地区某输水明渠工程跨越大面积湿陷性黄土区域,湿陷性黄土经多年降雨、蒸发及季节气温交替变化后力学特性衰减严重,极易造成渠基塌陷及渠坡滑动破坏等工程现象。为深入探究其劣化机制,通过开展干湿-冻融循环条件下湿陷性黄土的直剪、压缩及其微观扫描试验,从宏-微观两个尺度分析其剪切强度、压缩特性的劣化规律及其损伤物理机制。研究结果表明(1)直剪试验:随着干湿-冻融循环次数的增加,峰值抗剪强度呈急速减小-速率减缓-趋于稳定3阶段发展趋势;黏聚力呈指数形式减少,第1次循环减小幅度最大,5次循环后趋于稳定状态,劣化度达到44.55%;内摩擦角变化幅度在2.1°以内,最大劣化度为7.04%,受干湿-冻融循环的影响较小。(2)压缩试验:压缩曲线可依据固结压缩屈服应力σ_(k)分为弹性变形和弹塑性变形两阶段,σ_(k)随循环次数增加前移;压缩系数、压缩指数与循环次数呈指数、幂函数形式减小,土体的整体压缩性减小;回弹指数与循环次数呈线性正相关。(3)微观结构:通过微观电镜扫描(scanning electron microscope,简称SEM)试验分析,在循环作用下,大孔隙减小,中、小孔隙增加,排列方式趋于无序状;大粒径颗粒逐渐转化为中、小颗粒,形态趋向于拟圆形;利用关联度分析发现孔隙大小及其角度是影响剪切强度的主要因素;引入Pearson相关系数发现颗粒形态及孔隙大小对压缩指标的影响程度最大。
