The Journey/DAO/TAO of Embodied Intelligence: From Large Models to Foundation Intelligence and Parallel Intelligence

THE tremendous impact of large models represented by ChatGPT[1]-[3]makes it necessary to con-sider the practical applications of such models[4].However,for an artificial intelligence(AI)to truly evolve,it needs to possess a physical“body”to transition from the virtual world to the real world and evolve through interaction with the real environments.In this context,“embodied intelligence”has sparked a new wave of research and technology,leading AI beyond the digital realm into a new paradigm that can actively act and perceive in a physical environment through tangible entities such as robots and automated devices[5].

A Framework Based on the DAO and NFT in Blockchain for Electronic Document Sharing

In the information age,electronic documents(e-documents)have become a popular alternative to paper documents due to their lower costs,higher dissemination rates,and ease of knowledge sharing.However,digital copyright infringements occur frequently due to the ease of copying,which not only infringes on the rights of creators but also weakens their creative enthusiasm.Therefore,it is crucial to establish an e-document sharing system that enforces copyright protection.However,the existing centralized system has outstanding vulnerabilities,and the plagiarism detection algorithm used cannot fully detect the context,semantics,style,and other factors of the text.Digital watermark technology is only used as a means of infringement tracing.This paper proposes a decentralized framework for e-document sharing based on decentralized autonomous organization(DAO)and non-fungible token(NFT)in blockchain.The use of blockchain as a distributed credit base resolves the vulnerabilities inherent in traditional centralized systems.The e-document evaluation and plagiarism detection mechanisms based on the DAO model effectively address challenges in comprehensive text information checks,thereby promoting the enhancement of e-document quality.The mechanism for protecting and circulating e-document copyrights using NFT technology ensures effective safeguarding of users’e-document copyrights and facilitates e-document sharing.Moreover,recognizing the security issues within the DAO governance mechanism,we introduce an innovative optimization solution.Through experimentation,we validate the enhanced security of the optimized governance mechanism,reducing manipulation risks by up to 51%.Additionally,by utilizing evolutionary game analysis to deduce the equilibrium strategies of the framework,we discovered that adjusting the reward and penalty parameters of the incentive mechanism motivates creators to generate superior quality and unique e-documents,while evaluators are more likely to engage in assessments.

海外中医药译写专著的“他塑”研究——以Between Heaven and Earth:A Guide to Chinese Medicine为例

基于亚马逊平台热销中医专著Between Heaven and Earth:A Guide to Chinese Medicine (《天地之间:中医指南》),举例分析其巧用“取象比类”思维、借用现代医学术语、采用图示辅助理解、创新中医文化表达的4种译写策略,并借助调查问卷佐证这4种译写策略的有效性与可取性,希望通过借鉴学习“他塑”,完善中医国际形象的“自塑”。同时检查“他塑”出现的文化误读,反观“自塑”的不足,从而调整中医传播策略,促进中医药文化的海外传播。

脓毒症预后不良患者血清I-FABP、DAO、D-Lac水平变化及其危险因素探讨

目的 探讨脓毒症预后不良患者血清肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白(I-FABP)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)、D-乳酸(D-Lac)水平变化及其危险因素。方法 收集2017年7月至2020年3月秦皇岛市第一医院收治的454例脓毒症患者临床资料,根据患者预后情况将其分为预后良好组(273例)和预后不良组(181例),统计脓毒症患者预后不良发生现状及其单因素,采用多因素Logistic回归分析脓毒症患者预后不良的危险因素。结果 454例脓毒症患者预后不良共181例,预后不良发生率为39.87%。单因素分析结果显示,预后不良组与预后良好组年龄、平均动脉压(MAP)、急性生理与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、感染相关器官功能衰竭(SOFA)评分、外周血白细胞(WBC)、中性粒细胞(NEU)、血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、总胆红素(TBil)、前白蛋白(PAB)、I-FABP、DAO、D-Lac、D-二聚体(D-d)水平及凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、国际标准化比值(INR)比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄较大、MAP较低、APACHEⅡ评分较高、SOFA评分较高、外周血NEU、血清CRP、PCT、BUN、Scr、DAO、D-Lac、D-d、I-FABP水平较高、PT、APTT较长均为脓毒症患者预后不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 脓毒症患者预后不良发生率较高,同时其危险因素与患者年龄、MAP、APACHEⅡ、SOFA评分、外周血NEU、血清CRP、PCT、BUN、Scr、DAO、D-Lac、D-d、I-FABP水平、PT、APT有关。

去中心化理念对传统组织法的冲击与再造——以“去中心化自治组织”(DAO)为中心的考察

传统组织法以单一的中心化假设为指引的模式,已经难以满足当下投资者的经济民主化诉求,在去中心化理念的冲击下,其适应性存疑。传统组织法应当适度接纳去中心化理念,而“去中心化自治组织”(DAO)由于具备商业上的可行性以及与传统法的可兼容性,是去中心化组织法研究的理想样本。将去中心化理念融入组织法,需要着重解决中心化节点权责配置错位问题,构建实控成员减轻信义义务框架以完善信义体系。还应进一步完善作为组织法支撑的通证监管框架,逐步实现“从通证化证券到证券通证”的设想。当然,也不应排除缔造“中心化—去中心化”二元组织法架构的可能性。

What Does ChatGPT Say:The DAO from Algorithmic Intelligence to Linguistic Intelligence

THE well-known ancient Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu(老子)or Laozi(6th~4th century BC during the Spring and Autumn period)started his classic Tao Teh Ching《道德经》or Dao De Jing(see Fig.1)with six Chinese characters:"道(Dao)可(Ke)道(Dao)非(Fei)常(Chang)道(Dao)",which has been traditionally interpreted as“道可道,非常道”or"The Dao that can be spoken is not the eternal Dao".

探讨瓜蒌大黄汤对重症肺炎肺热腑实证患者血SP-A、DAO、炎症因子影响及临床疗效

目的 基于“肺与大肠相表里”理论,探索以宣肺通腑法为指导,在瓜蒌大黄汤干预下,对肺表面活性蛋白A(SP-A)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)及炎症因子等影响,揭示瓜蒌大黄汤治疗重症肺炎的作用机制及疗效。方法 筛选诊断为重症肺炎,中医辨证为肺热腑实证患者62例,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各31例,两组又依据肺炎病情严重程度分为中高危亚组、极高危亚组。对照组给予常规西医治疗,试验组在对照组基础上加用瓜蒌大黄汤灌肠,观察并记录治疗前及治疗第7、14天两组患者血SP-A、DAO、胃动素(MTL)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞(WBC)、中性粒细胞比率(NEUT%)水平及中医证候评分、急性生理与慢性健康评分(APACHE Ⅱ评分)、临床肺部感染评分(CPIS评分)、急性胃肠损伤评分(AGI评分)、临床疗效、28 d病死率、机械通气时间、ICU住院天数。结果 中高危亚组中,治疗第14天时试验组SP-A、DAO、WBC、NEUT%、TNF-α、IL-6指标水平明显低于对照组,治疗第7、14天时试验组MTL指标水平均明显高于对照组,P<0.05;治疗第7、14天时试验组AGI评分、CPIS评分均明显低于对照组,治疗第14天时试验组APACHE Ⅱ评分明显低于对照组,P<0.05。极高危亚组中,试验组与对照组以上指标比较差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。中高危亚组中,治疗第7、14天时试验组便秘评分明显低于对照组,治疗第14天时试验组喘息、腹胀评分明显低于对照组,P<0.05。极高危亚组中,治疗第14天时试验组便秘评分明显低于对照组,P<0.05。中高危亚组中,试验组显效率明显高于对照组,机械通气时间明显低于对照组,P<0.05;中高危亚组和极高危亚组中,试验组与对照组ICU住院天数、28 d病死率比较差异均无统计学意义,P>0.05。结论 重症肺炎肺热腑实证患者给予瓜蒌大黄汤灌肠能明显改善胃肠道症状,能改善中高危重症肺炎患者呼吸困难等临床症状,促进肺、肠黏膜屏障修复,减轻炎症反应,缩短呼吸机的上机时间,但不能改变预后。

DAO to HANOI via DeSci: AI Paradigm Shifts from AlphaGo to ChatGPT

From AlphaGo to ChatGPT,the field of AI has launched a series of remarkable achievements in recent years.Analyzing,comparing,and summarizing these achievements at the paradigm level is important for future AI innovation,but has not received sufficient attention.In this paper,we give an overview and perspective on machine learning paradigms.First,we propose a paradigm taxonomy with three levels and seven dimensions from a knowledge perspective.Accordingly,we give an overview on three basic and twelve extended learning paradigms,such as Ensemble Learning,Transfer Learning,etc.,with figures in unified style.We further analyze three advanced paradigms,i.e.,AlphaGo,AlphaFold and ChatGPT.Second,to enable more efficient and effective scientific discovery,we propose to build a new ecosystem that drives AI paradigm shifts through the decentralized science(DeSci)movement based on decentralized autonomous organization(DAO).To this end,we design the Hanoi framework,which integrates human factors,parallel intelligence based on a combination of artificial systems and the natural world,and the DAO to inspire AI innovations.

元宇宙中的管理创新:从科层到DAO

DAO(非中心化自治组织)是适应元宇宙的组织方式,将成为企业在数字经济时代的主要管理模式,现有的企业组织形态面临解构和重构,企业管理将出现重大创新。与传统企业中心化的科层组织模式不同,DAO承载的是达成共识的群体自发产生的共创、共建、共治、共享协同行为。本文从DAO的成本、共识、激励和投票机制等方面,通过交易费用理论和案例分析,对比了传统科层组织模式与DAO的优缺点,讨论了DAO的适用场景和限制条件,提出企业利用DAO实现管理创新的主要障碍是企业目标的科层式达成方式和自上而下的企业文化。在现有技术水平之下,DAO仍然存在由底层技术造成的模式缺陷,因而需要设计适合产业特征的解决方案,本文最后对传统企业的转型提出了建议。

高龄消化道穿孔治疗中应用腹腔镜修补术效果及 FABP2、DAO、D-乳酸水平的影响

目的:探究高龄消化道穿孔治疗中应用腹腔镜修补术效果及对脂肪酸结合蛋白-2(FABP2)、二胶氧化酶(DAO)、D-乳酸水平的影响。方法:选取本院普外科2020年1月—2021年12月收治的高龄消化道穿孔患者89例,随机数字表法分为开腹组和腹腔镜组,相应接受开腹修补术、腹腔镜修补术治疗,比较两组疗效及FABP2、DAO、D-乳酸水平变化。结果:两组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量较开腹组更少,术后下床、住院时间及肠鸣音恢复、肛门排气及排便时间较开腹组更短(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组术后并发症总发生率低于开腹组(P<0.05)。术后7d两组FABP2、DAO、D-乳酸水平均低于手术当天,且腹腔镜组均低于开腹组(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜修补术治疗高龄消化道穿孔可获得较开腹修补术更满意的疗效,可更明显控制FABP2、DAO及D-乳酸水平,值得广泛推广。

针刺治疗对AGI患者的血清LPS、DAO、I-FABP的影响

目的观察针刺治疗对急性胃肠损伤(AGI)危重症患者的血清脂肪酶(LPS)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)、肠脂肪酸结合蛋白(I-FABP)水平的影响。方法将64例患者按照随机数字表法随机分成两组,常规组32例,给予西医抗炎、抑酸护胃常规治疗;针刺组32例,在常规治疗基础上予针刺治疗,疗程为7 d。两组均在治疗第1、4、7天采集静脉血,采用ELISA法检测血清LPS、DAO、I-FABP的水平,比较两组患者在治疗第1、4和7天LPS、DAO、I-FABP的变化。结果治疗第1天,两组各项指标间比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。治疗第4、7天,针刺组的LPS、DAO、I-FABP均较常规组下降明显(P<0.05)。结论针刺联合常规西医治疗,可明显降低LPS、DAO、I-FABP水平,可能通过改善LPS、DAO、I-FABP水平促进肠康复。

作为技术物的融合电影:DAO、WEB3.0与物质性

当下,电影本体研究转向了对电影进行物质性的比较与阐释。作为WEB3.0技术体系之下诞生的新互联网技术物,DAO提供了重要的比较维度与新型文本。根据海德格尔等理论家的“物质性”理论,这两种看似不同的技术物都具有集群性、非触觉实体、数字化、光子化的特征,徐冰、池田亮司、Pak等艺术家的电影装置作品鲜明地显现出这一点。因此,电影与DAO等新数字文化结构之间的相互转化与融合生成,正是技术物之间的物质性流动的绝佳体现。

Study of coexisting upstream solitary wave packet and downstream wakes induced by Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands detected by satellite sun glitter

Taking the advantage of sun glitter(SG)observed from high-resolution satellites Gaofen-1(GF-1)and Gaofen-6(GF-6),a new method named Shield and Vortex 1-2(SAV1-2)for extracting spatial texture information from sun glitter was established.Sea surface texture detail information around Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands was extracted using SAV1-2.Meanwhile,the dynamic characteristics of the water environment were analyzed by combining the water color,temperature and dynamic data.The results show the following information.(1)Stable westward shield effect and eastward Karman vortex streets,extracted from SG,appear upstream(westward)and downstream(eastward)of the Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands respectively.(2)The dominant direction of the Kuroshio Current in the Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands area is east,the Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands interacting with Kuroshio,inducing western shield and eastern shelter and wake.Furthermore,wave intervals of the shield in front of the island range from hundreds to thousands of metres,and extend wider than the island itself.(3)Combining with high-resolution sea surface temperature(SST)and chlorophyll a(Chl a)concentration,the directional changes of water color elements are mutually supported and proved with the stable shield(wave packet)effect in the west and vortex street effect in the east.The change of SST upstream of the island(western shield area)is not significant,the temperature in the downstream shelter area decreases slightly,and the SST in the downstream wake area shows a general trend of obvious decrease.The wake area is dominated by Karman vortex streets in shape,supplementing by vortices.The concentration of Chl a in the west shield of island is as low as that in downstream shelter area,while it increases significantly in the downstream wake area with shape in eddy or ribbon.(4)The SAV methods of extracting sea surface texture detail using SG can be widely used in different sea areas and water quality.This paper can provide reference for the protection and development of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands and its surrounding waters.It is suggested that some kind of current buffer,such as marine wind farm,should be established in the western waters of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands to protect the islands,and marine pasture should be developed in the downstream of eastern waters of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands.

Continuity and Change in Dao Yin:Comparing and Contrasting the Therapeutic Exercises in Yin Shu(The Book of Pulling,c.2nd Century BCE)and Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun(Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases,610 CE)

The manuscript Yin Shu(The Book of Pulling),excavated from Zhangjiashan Han Tomb No.247,is the earliest surviving text on therapeutic exercise known as Dao Yin(lit.guiding and pulling).Discovered in 1983,this Dao Yin text,together with the drawings of 44 figures performing“guiding and pulling”exercises found in the Mawangdui Han Tomb in 1974,are of great significance to the study of the early history of Dao Yin.Prior to these discoveries,researchers into Dao Yin relied mainly on material found in the Dao Zang(the Daoist Canon),compiled in 1145.This led to their conclusion that Dao Yin was essentially Daoist.The development of Dao Yin reached its zenith during the Sui Dynasty(581–618 CE),when it became one of the three medical departments at the imperial medical education institution.As part of the medical reform of the second Sui Emperor,Yang Di,Dao Yin became the treatment of choice,and the employment of a large number of Dao Yin specialists to the Sui court transformed the state medical service.The compilation of Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun(Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases)under Yang Di’s decree,incorporated an abundance of resources on Dao Yin,enabling physicians to potentially“prescribe”Dao Yin to their patients.Situating both Yin Shu and Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun in their social and historical contexts,this article analyses their editorial treatments,examines their different objectives,styles,and readerships,and compares the various exercises described in the two texts.It emphasizes the fact that over a period of nearly a thousand years,from the late Warring States(475–221 BCE)to the Sui and Tang periods,Dao Yin was an important medical practice,culminating in its institutionalization by the Sui government.

The Inheritance and Deviation of the Subjective Construction“You Bei X Dao(有被X到)”

Sentence“bei”(“被”字句)and“bei xx”(被xx)provide syntactic and semantic basis for the generation of the construction“You Bei X Dao(有被x到)”.They are in a continuum and have family similarity.The sentence“bei”is a typical member,while“bei xx”is an atypical member.Because the construction“You Bei X Dao”has a single function and less attention,it is at the edge of the continuum and is a marginal member.However,it has certain research value in the inheritance and innovation of“bei”and“bei xx”.

莎剧《安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉》中“New Heaven,New Earth”对圣经典故的借用及汉译

莎士比亚的文学作品对圣经语言和内容有大量借用和模仿;其中,悲剧《安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉》中的“new heaven,new earth”就与《启示录》中的“新天新地”存在互文关系。译者和读者若对圣经缺乏充分的了解,或是圣经文化圈外的“他者”,在汉译中就易发生问题。本文对圣经的天地观及其“新天新地”、其与《安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉》“新天新地”存在的三种互文关系以及剧中该典故的汉译等问题进行探讨,提出要想准确地理解和翻译西方经典,必须顾及文本产生的文化语境。

金岳霖融通中西的形而上学之道

金岳霖《论道》的写作目的,是为了实现中西哲学的融通,建构一个既能够体现中国哲学精神传统又能吸收西方哲学的形而上学之道的哲学体系。金岳霖的形而上学作为一种元哲学,其问题意识来源于西方哲学,其论证方式来自西方哲学与逻辑学。但是,由于“道”在中国人的思想世界及价值信仰方面居于核心地位,金岳霖建构的形而上学之道显然是立足于中国哲学的。金岳霖坚持以中国哲学特别是宋明理学的思维方式、价值观念、哲学范畴为基础,通过一系列西方逻辑体系的论证,最终建构了一个以传统中国哲学范畴为基本框架、吸收了西方哲学的现代中国哲学体系。不能仅仅将金岳霖的《论道》理解为民族文化、情感归属的需求,他同时也是站在时代和人类的哲学思考高度,通过融通中西哲学以解决现代形而上学重建的问题,其形而上学之道具有回应人类普遍哲学问题的世界现代哲学意义。

邓曼:中国第一女哲

春秋早期的邓曼,堪称“中国第一女哲”。她对中国哲学的贡献,不仅在于具有涵盖形上学、形下学以及“天人之际”关系的思想系统,更在于她做出的三个思想首创:一是“天道”概念(天帝显示的必然法则);二是“天不假易”命题(天帝绝不宽容傲慢轻率之人);三是“天道盈荡”命题(事物发展到满盈状态时,就会动荡不安,这是天帝确定的必然法则)。此外,她特别表述了以“德”“信”“刑”为核心范畴的政治哲学思想,并以形上的天帝信仰来为这种形下的政治哲学奠基,意味着人对天的一种应有态度——必须敬畏天命以尽人事。

因果问题、逻辑与《论道》的形而上学体系

金岳霖在《论道》中建立起自己的形而上学体系。这个体系所运用的方法既有综合也有分析,分析工具主要是现代逻辑方法,这里的现代逻辑主要来自《数学原理》和《符号逻辑概览》。《论道》的形而上学体系的建立,不仅为中国文化中最崇高的概念“道”提出了一个现代形式的形而上学理论,而且为金岳霖自己回答“休谟问题”提供了本体论基础。因此,《论道》不仅强化了中国哲学的逻辑和认识论意识,从而成为宋明理学以来中国哲学发展的高峰,而且具体体现了金岳霖把哲学视为一门普遍的人类学科的态度。

秦汉畤祭遗址出土玉人功用研究

目前发现秦汉畤祭遗址的祭祀坑内,多是男女玉人一对与玉琮组合,应是畤祭礼仪最主要的祭祀形式。文章认为玉琮象征天圆地方,是祭天礼地的祭器。周秦汉时期奉行“以天为父,以地为母”之信仰,男女玉人与琮组合用于祭祀,正符合天为阳,地为阴,以天为父,以地为母的认知。并由此推断,男女玉人应分别是受祭的天神和地神之神主,用驷马车载之前往雍地进行畤祭之礼。西汉畤祭仍然继续沿用秦故礼仪,此正是由春秋至西汉数百年间,畤祭所用男女玉人造型及功用基本相同的缘由所在。