TNF-α and IL-1RA Polymorphisms and Silicosis Susceptibility in Chinese Workers Exposed to Silica Particles:A Case-Control Study

Abstract Objective To assess the association of TNF-α and IL-1RA SNPs with the risk of silicosis in Chinese workers exposed to silica particles. Methods Case-control study design was used to enroll 68 silicotic patients induced by silica particles and 68 healthy workers matched for length of silica particle exposure as controls. Both cases and controls were from the same company in southwest China, and each of them was requested to complete a questionnaire. Blood samples were drawn for genomic DNA extraction from each participant. The genotyping of TNF-α （-238 and -308） and IL-1RA （＋2018） was performed using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） and SYBR green-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction {qPCR）, respectively. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios （ORs） and their 95% confidential intervals （Cl） for SNPs. Results No significant differences were found between cases and controls in particles exposure length, body mass index （BMI）, and status of smoking and alcohol consumption except for age （P=O.O01） and blood type （P=0.042）. The frequencies of TNF-c（（-238） and IL-1RA （＋2018） genotypes in cases were significantly different from those in controls, （P=O.O01 and P=0.O02, respectively）, while a borderline significant difference was found in the frequencies of TNF-α（-308） between cases and controls （P=0.063）. The variants of three SNPs increased the risk of silicosis in the Chinese workers exposed to silica particles. The adjusted ORs of TNFα（-308）, TNF-α（-238） and IL-1RA （＋2018） were 2.8 （95% Ch 2.1-7.5）, 20.9 （95% Ch 2.8-236.4） and 4.0 （95% CI： 2.6-10.2）, respectively. Conclusion It is suggested that cytokine polymorphisms of TNF-ct （-238, -308） and IL-1RA （＋2018） are associated with the risk of silicosis in the Chinese workers exposed to silica particles. Further independent studies on the interaction between SNPs and exposure to silica particles with a larger sample size are therefore warranted.

Genome-wide association study reveals novel loci for adult type 1 diabetes in a 5-year nested case-control study

BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is a severe and prevalent metabolic disease.Due to its high heredity,an increasing number of genome-wide association studies have been performed,most of which were from hospital-based case-control studies with a relatively small sample size.The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and T1D has been less studied and is less understood in natural cohorts.AIM To investigate the significant variants of T1D,which could be potential biomarkers for T1D prediction or even therapy.METHODS A genome-wide association study(GWAS)of adult T1D was performed in a nested case-control study(785 cases vs 804 controls)from a larger 5-year cohort study in Suzhou,China.Potential harmful or protective SNPs were evaluated for T1D.Subsequent expression and splicing quantitative trait loci(eQTL and sQTL)analyses were carried out to identify target genes modulated by these SNPs.RESULTS A harmful SNP for T1D,rs3117017[odds ratio(OR)=3.202,95%confidence interval(CI):2.296-4.466,P=9.33×10-4]and three protective SNPs rs55846421(0.113,0.081-0.156,1.76×10-9),rs75836320(0.283,0.205-0.392,1.07×10-4),rs362071(0.568,0.495-0.651,1.66×10-4)were identified.Twenty-two genes were further identified as potential candidates for T1D onset.CONCLUSION We identified a potential genetic basis of T1D,both protective and harmful,using a GWAS in a larger nested case-control study of a Chinese population.

尿石症发病危险因素的1∶2匹配病例-对照研究

[目的]探讨尿石症的危险因素与尿石症发病的关系,为开展肾结石的防治工作提供科学依据。[方法]选择103例住院的新发病例,进行1︰2病例-对照研究,所得资料进行单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归分析。[结果]多因素分析结果显示,尿路感染OR为4.22(2.21～8.06),家族结石病史OR为2.34(1.04～5.29),老火汤饮用程度OR为1.37(1.10～1.72)。而文化程度OR为0.54(0.32～0.92),奶类摄入OR为0.75(0.59～0.96),日均饮水量OR为0.69(0.47～0.99)。[结论]研究提示:尿路感染、家族结石病史、老火汤饮用是尿石症的危险因素;而文化程度、奶类摄入、日均饮水量是尿石症发生的保护因素。

食管癌双重1∶1配对病例对照研究

目的通过比较济宁地区以医院为基础和以人群为基础的原发性食管癌发病因素病例对照研究结果的差异,以发现和控制病例对照研究中的选择性偏倚,进一步验证相关因素与食管癌的关联性。方法采用双重1∶1配对的病例对照研究,纳入152例病例组、152例医院对照组和152例人群对照组为研究对象,对食品卫生与饮食习惯、饮用水情况、吸烟与饮酒情况、家族与职业史和心理社会应激情况进行问卷调查,将数据用Epi Data3.0软件进行录入,运用SPSS18.0统计软件进行条件logistic回归分析。结果以医院为基础和以人群为基础的病例对照研究中,常吃烫热食品(OR_(病例vs医院对照)=4.335,P=0.000; OR_(病例vs人群对照)=2.722,P=0.000)、食用棉籽油(OR_(病例vs医院对照)=4.200,P=0.000; OR_(病例vs人群对照)=3.700,P=0.000)与食管癌发病有较大的相关性,其次为食用腌制食品、供水方式、水源受到污染、生活事件,而饮用井水、不储水和积极情绪体验对食管癌的发病起保护作用,以上因素在两种对照结果中均具有统计学意义。多因素分析中食用烫热食品、供水方式、水源类型、食用豆油表现出相关的一致性。心理应激评分中发现"生活事件"L因子和"消极应对"NC因子两种对照均具有统计学意义。结论食管癌以医院和以人群为基础的病例对照研究中,食管癌与常吃烫热食品、食用棉籽油等11个相关影响因素的关联性均同时存在。

先天性心脏病危险因素1:1配对病例对照研究

目的：探讨先天性心脏病（congenital heart disease,CHD）发生的危险因素,为研究CHD的病因及其科学的预防措施提供参考依据。方法：采用以医院为基础的1∶1配对病例对照研究,对CHD组和对照组儿童的父母进行统一的问卷调查。对所有研究因素经单因素分析和多因素条件Logistic回归分析,筛选出与CHD发生相关的危险因素。结果：研究分析了260对CHD患儿和对照的资料,按α=0.05水准,用单因素Logistic回归分析对研究因素进行单因素分析,初步筛选出21个可疑危险因素,用多因素条件Logistic回归模型进行多因素综合分析,最终筛选出与CHD发生相关的5个因素,包括3个危险因素：母亲年龄（〉35岁：OR=3.075,P=0.010;〈20岁：OR=5.084,P=0.012）、被动吸烟（少量：OR=1.728,P=0.040;经常：OR=3.903,P=0.000）、孕早期感冒（OR=1.787,P=0.023）,2个保护因素：规律服用叶酸（OR=0.447,P=0.004）、食用肉类（≥4次/周：OR=0.293,P=0.001;1~3次/周：OR=0.372,P=0.008）。结论：孕早期是胎儿心脏发育的关键时期,母亲高龄或低龄、接触烟草、孕早期感冒会增加胎儿发生CHD的风险,而规律服用叶酸、多食用肉类则对胎儿有保护作用。

Associations between thromboxane A synthase 1 gene polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke in a Chinese Han population

Thromboxane A synthase 1 （TBXAS1） catalyses the synthesis of thromboxane A2 （TXA2）, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Thus, the TBXAS1 gene was investigated as a candidate gene involved in the formation of atherosclerosis. This case-control study collected peripheral blood specimens and clinical data of 370 ischemic stroke patients and 340 healthy controls in the Northern Chinese Han population from October 2010 to May 2011. Two TBXAS1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs2267682 and rs10487667, were analyzed using a SNaPshot Multiplex sequencing assay to explore the relationships between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TBXAS1 and ischemic stroke. The TT genotype frequency and T allele frequency of rs2267682 in the patients with ischemic stroke were significantly higher than those in the controls （P 〈 0.01 and P = 0.02）. Furthermore, compared with the GG ＋ GT genotype, the TT rs2267682 genotype was associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke （odds ratio （OR） = 1.80, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.16–2.79, P 〈 0.01）. Multivariate logistic analysis with adjustments for confounding factors revealed that rs2267682 was still associated with ischemic stroke （OR = 1.94,95% CI ： 1.13–3.33, P = 0.02）. The frequency of the T-G haplotype in the patients was significantly higher than that in the controls according haplotype analysis （OR = 1.49, 95% CI： 1.10–2.00, P 〈 0.01）. These data reveal that the rs2267682 TBXAS1 polymorphism is associated with ischemic stroke. The TT genotype of TBXAS1 and T allele of rs2267682 increase susceptibility to ischemic stroke in this Northern Chinese Han population. The protocol has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry （registration number： ChiCTR-COC-17013559）.

Associations of content and gene polymorphism of macrophage inhibitory factor-1 and chronic hepatitis C virus infection

BACKGROUND The expression of macrophage inhibitory factor-1(MIC-1) is increased in peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. However, whether MIC-1 gene polymorphism is correlated with relevant diseases is not yet reported.AIM To explore the correlation between gene polymorphism in MIC-1 exon region and chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection.METHODS This case-control study enrolled 178 patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC) in the case group, and 82 healthy subjects from the same region who had passed the screening examination comprised the control group. The genotypes of rs1059369 and rs1059519 loci in the MIC-1 gene exon were detected by DNA sequencing. Also, the MIC-1 level, liver function metrics, liver fibrosis metrics, and HCV RNA load were determined. Univariate analysis was used to compare the differences and correlations between the two groups with respect to these parameters. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent relevant factors of CHC.RESULTS The plasma MIC-1 level in the CHC group was higher than that in the control group(P < 0.05), and it was significantly positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), type III procollagen N-terminal peptide(known as PIIINP), type IV collagen, and HCV RNA(P < 0.05), whereas negatively correlated with total protein and albumin(P < 0.05). The genotype and allele frequency distribution at the rs1059519 locus differed between the two groups(P < 0.05). The allele frequency maintained significant difference after Bonferroni correction(Pc < 0.05). Logistic multiple regression showed that AST, PIIINP, MIC-1, and genotype GG at the rs1059519 locus were independent relevant factors of CHC(P < 0.05). Linkage disequilibrium(LD) was found between rs1059369 and rs1059519 loci, and significant difference was detected in the distribution of haplotype A-C between the CHC and control groups(P < 0.05). Meanwhile, we found the MIC-1 level trend to increase among rs1059519 genotypes(P = 0.006) and the level of MIC-1 in GG genotype to be significantly higher than CC genotype(P = 0.009, after Bonferroni correction).CONCLUSION Plasma MIC-1 level was increased in CHC patients and correlated with liver cell damage, liver fibrosis metrics, and viral load. The polymorphism at the MIC-1 gene rs1059519 locus was correlated with HCV infection, and associated with the plasma MIC-1 level. G allele and GG genotype may be an important susceptible factor for CHC.

X-ray repair cross-complementing gene 1 Arg399Gln polymorphism and glioma risk among Asians A meta-analysis based on 2 326 cases and 3 610 controls

OBJECTIVE： Previous reports have demonstrated that X-ray repair cross-complementing gene 1 （XRCCl） Arg399GIn polymorphism is a possible risk factor for several cancers. Published data on the association of XRCCl Arg399GIn polymorphism with glioma susceptibility have generated conflicting results. This study is designed to precisely estimate the relationship. DATA RETRIEVAL： A computer-based online retrieval of Medline, EMBASE, OVID, Sciencedirect, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure was performed to search papers regarding association of XRCC1 Arg399GIn polymorphisms with glioma published up to April 2012. SELECTION CRITERIA： Two investigators selected data independently. Meta analysis was then performed for the selected studies using STATA 11.0 software after strict selection. Heterogeneity test, sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessments were then conducted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Association of XRCCl Arg399GIn polymorphism with glioma risk. RESULTS： A total of nine case-controlled studies comprising 2 326 cases and 3 610 controls were selected for final analysis. The overall data failed to indicate a significant association of XRCCl Arg399GIn polymorphism with glioma risk （Gin/Gin vs. Arg/Arg： odds ratio （OR） = 1.11; 95% confidence interval （Cl） = 0.94-1.31; dominant model： OR = 1.06; 95%C/= 0.95-1.18; recessive model： OR = 1.04; 95%C/= 0.81-1.34）. However, subgroup analysis regarding ethnicity showed an increased risk among Asians （Gin/Gin vs. Arg/Arg OR = 1.40; 95%C/= 1.10-1.78; recessive model： Caucasians or mixed ethnicities. OR = 1.70; 95%Cl = 1.17-2.46; dominant mode OR = 1.46; 95%C/= 1.04-2.05） but not CONCLUSION： XRCCl Arg399GIn polymorphism might modify the susceptibility to glioma among Asians but not Caucasians. Further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.

Relationship between IKZF1 polymorphisms and the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a meta-analysis

Objective The aim of the study was to systematically evaluate the correlation between IKZF1 polymorphisms and the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Methods Computer databases including PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science were searched for case-control studies on the association between IKZF1 polymorphisms and the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to November 2020.Two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted the data,evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies,and used Stata 14.0 software for meta-analysis.Results A total of 48 case-control studies were included,with 10520 and 44049 cases in the case and control groups,respectively.The meta-analysis results showed that rs4132061 and rs11978267 of IKZF1 were significantly correlated with the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL).Conclusion Current evidence indicates that rs4132061 and rs11978267 of IKZF1 are significantly associated with the risk of B-cell ALL.

儿童血压偏高危险因素的1∶2配对病例对照研究

１９９５年５月我们对南通市城南小学８６８名学龄儿童进行了高血压病调查，查出血压偏高儿童２７例，患病率３．１４％。随即应用１∶２配对病例对照研究，对血压偏高的危险因素进行探讨。结果提示：儿童血压偏高与儿童体重超重，肥胖显著相关；食盐过量、高血压家族史均是引起儿童血压偏高的危险因素。因此针对危险因素，采取相应措施，控制儿童期血压偏高。

Association between PTCH1 gene polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease susceptibility in a Chinese Han population:a case-control study

Background:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Genome-wide association studies in non-Asian population revealed a link between COPD and mutations in the PTCH1 gene encoding Patched1,a receptor in the Hedgehog signaling pathway important for lung morphogenesis and pulmonary function.The aim of this study was to investigate the association between PTCH1 polymorphisms and the COPD risk in the Chinese Han population.Methods:We performed a case-control study including 296 patients with COPD and 300 healthy individuals.Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the PTCH1 gene were identified and genotyped based on the linkage disequilibrium analysis in all participants.Odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were estimated using logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age,gender,and smoking.Results:In total,28 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in patients with COPD.Among them,"A"allele of rs28491365(OR:1.388,95%CI:1.055-1.827,P=0.018),and"G"alleles of rs10512248(OR:1.299,95%CI:1.021-1.653,P=0.033)and rs28705285(OR:1.359,95%CI:1.024-1.803,P=0.033;respectively)were significantly associated with an increased COPD risk.Genetic model analysis revealed that the"T/T"genotype of rs34695652 was associated with a decreased COPD risk under the recessive model(OR:0.490,95%CI:0.270-0.880,P=0.010),whereas rs28504650/rs10512248 haplotype CG was significantly associated with an increased COPD risk after adjustment for age,gender,and smoking status(OR:6.364,95%CI:1.220-33.292,P=0.028).Conclusions:The study provides a new insight into the role of PTCH1 polymorphisms in the susceptibility to COPD in the Chinese Han population.

Polymorphism of genes encoding drug-metabolizing and inflammation-related enzymes for susceptibility to cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand

BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is an intractable cancer,and its incidence in north eastern Thailand is the highest worldwide.Infection with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini(OV)has been associated with CCA risk.However,animal experiments have suggested that OV alone does not induce CCA,but its combination with a chemical carcinogen like nitrosamine can cause experimentally induced CCA in hamsters.Therefore,in humans,other environmental and genetic factors may also be involved.AIM To examine relations between risk for CCA and genetic polymorphisms in carcinogenmetabolizing and inflammation-related genes.METHODS This hospital-based case-control study enrolled 95 case-control pairs matched by age(±5 years)and sex.We examined relations between risk for CCA and genetic polymorphisms in carcinogenmetabolizing and inflammation-related genes,serum anti-OV,alcohol consumption,and smoking.Polymorphisms of CYP2E1,IL-6(-174 and-634),IL-10(-819),and NF-κB(-94)and their cooccurrence with polymorphisms in the drug-metabolizing enzyme gene GSTT1 or GSTM1 were also analyzed.RESULTS Although CCA risk was not significantly associated with any single polymorphism,persons with the GSTT1 wild-type and CYP2E1 c1/c2+c2/c2 genotype had an increased risk(OR=3.33,95%CI:1.23-9.00)as compared with persons having the GSTT1 wild-type and CYP2E1 c1/c1 wild genotype.The presence of anti-OV in serum was associated with a 7-to 11-fold increased risk,and smoking level was related to an OR of 1.5-1.8 in multivariable analyses adjusted for each of the seven genetic polymorphisms.CONCLUSION In addition to infection with OV,gene-gene interactions may be considered as one of the risk factors for CCA development.

Ⅱ型糖尿病发病危险因素研究

目的 探讨Ⅱ型糖尿病的危险因素以及心理因素与糖尿病发生的关系。方法 选择 99例住院的糖尿病新发病例 ,进行 1∶2配比的病例对照研究 ,并利用SCL - 90症状自评表测量研究对象的心理状况。结果 多元条件Logis tic回归分析结果表明 ,糖尿病家族史OR为 1 881(1 12 2～ 3 15 3) ,吸烟OR为 1 5 85 (1 0 5 3～ 2 384 ) ,油腻甜食的喜欢程度OR为 1 36 2 (1 0 6 0～ 1 74 8) ,油腻甜食吃用程度OR为 1 347(1 0 4 9～ 1 730 ) ,腰臀比例OR为 1 6 86 (1 113～ 2 5 5 5 )。坚持适当的体力锻炼对预防糖尿病的发生有明显的作用 ,OR值为 0 6 12 (0 4 5 6～ 0 82 0 )。心理状况测定结果表明 ,病例组与全国常模比较 ,强迫症状、人际关系、精神病态的因子分明显低于全国常模 ,而躯体比、焦虑、恐怖因子分明显高于全国常模。结论 研究提示 ,糖尿病家族史、吸烟、喜欢食油腻甜食、腰臀比过大是Ⅱ型糖尿病的危险因素 ,体育锻炼为保护因素。心理状况与Ⅱ型糖尿病有一定关系 。

山东省大肠癌影响因素病例对照研究

目的探讨大肠癌发病的危险因素,为监测和预防提供科学依据。方法采用以医院和社区为基础的1∶2病例对照研究,用统一的调查表对山东省1869例大肠癌患者及3738例对照进行调查。应用条件Logistic回归分析对大肠癌患者进行单因素和多因素分析。结果猪肉摄入频次、油炸食品摄入频次、高温烧烤肉类摄入频次、肠息肉史、黏液血便、精神刺激史及直系亲属患大肠癌史是大肠癌的危险因素,其OR值依次为2.375,2.383,2.706,11.024,5.365,2.553,2.527;喜食大蒜、粗纤维饮食和轻体力劳动是保护因素,OR值为0.532,0.784,0.739;吸烟、饮酒、饮茶、水果、奶制品摄入与大肠癌的发病未见明显关联。结论大肠癌发生与饮食、情绪、消化道疾病及遗传有关,而喜食大蒜是大肠癌的保护因素。

湖北省艾滋病抗病毒治疗终止原因分析

目的探讨免费艾滋病抗病毒治疗病人终止治疗的原因。方法利用国家统一使用的DataFax抗病毒治疗信息收集系统所收集的全省抗病毒治疗数据资料，采用断面调查方法，对湖北省接受艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者终止治疗的原因进行分类统计；用1：2配比分析研究方法，对治疗中死亡病例与未死亡病例的数据资料进行Logistic回归分析。结果（1）在终止与未终止治疗病例的比较中，性别比有显著性差异；（2）终止治疗的首要原因是药物副反应引起停药（56．74％），其次是死亡（36．17％）；（3）治疗中发生副反应的首要表现是肝功能异常（52．50％）；（4）治疗中发生死亡的危险因素是：不按医嘱服药，漏服次数愈多危险性愈大（P=0．0086，OR95％CI是1．165～2．852）；防止治疗中死亡的保护因素是：患者在治疗中未出现药物副反应（P=0．0027，OR95％CI是0．320～0．787），当出现严重副反应时，能及时更换药物（P〈0．01，OR95％CI是0．262～0．636）。结论应着重提高就诊者特别是男性患者的服药依从性教育，建立抗病毒治疗药物不良毒副反应监测体系，雌测中一旦发现出现严重副反应，要及时更换药物，这些措施可有效降低终止抗病毒治疗的发生。

非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病视网膜病变危险因素的探讨

目的 采用 1∶1配比的病例对照研究对DR患病的危险因素进行了初步探讨。方法 采用条件Logistic回归分析程序对 10 5名DR病例和对照进行分析。结果 单因素分析显示 :糖尿病病程 ,糖尿病诊断年龄 ,高血压 ,SBP ,尿蛋白 ,使用胰岛素治疗与糖尿病视网膜病变有关。经多因素分析进入主效应模型的因素为病程 ,其OR =2 32 (95 %CI :1 32～4 0 5 ) ;SBP ,其OR =4 78(95 %CI:1 83～ 12 5 2 ) ;尿蛋白 ,其OR =1 9(95 %CI:1 2 1～ 2 99) ;胰岛素使用量 ,其OR =1 98(95 %CI:1 0 5～ 3 74)。吸烟 ,饮酒 ,饮茶 ,运动锻炼 ,社会经济状况 ,看书时间 ,社会心理因素以及BMI与DR无关。结论 在糖尿病人群中 ,DR发生的危险因素为病程长 ,使用胰岛素治疗 ,尿蛋白增高和SBP增高。

福州市妇女乳腺癌危险因素的病例对照研究

[目的 ]探讨福州市女性乳腺癌的危险因素。 [方法 ]对近 2年在福州市各大医院进行手术并经病理确诊为乳腺癌的 145名患者开展 1∶ 1配对的病例对照研究。资料使用 Epi- Info软件和 SAS6 .0 4版软件进行统计分析。 [结果 ]单因素分析 ,达到统计学显著性水平的危险因素有乳腺良性疾病史、BMI指数高、初潮年龄早、肿瘤家族史、初产年龄大、流产次数多、未产年龄大和行经时乳房涨痛。哺乳和饮用井水是保护因素。条件 L ogistic回归分析显示初潮年龄早、乳腺良性疾病史、肿瘤家族史及流产次数多是乳腺癌的危险因素 ,而哺乳和饮用井水是保护因素。 [结论 ]福州市女性乳腺癌的危险因素是 :乳腺良性疾病史、初潮年龄早、肿瘤家族史及流产次数多。

类风湿性关节炎危险因素病例对照研究

[目的]探索类风湿性关节炎(RA)的危险因素。[方法]105例确诊的类风湿性关节炎患者为病例组,按性别、年龄匹配,每个病例选择2名健康人与之匹配。采用统一问卷进行调查。[结果]有统计学意义的因素有:文化水平(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.43～0.89)、家庭经济状况(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.40～0.98)、潮湿(OR=3.70,95%CI:1.98～6.91)、扁桃体经常发炎(OR=4.88,95%CI:1.96～12.14)、被动吸烟(OR=2.71,95%CI:1.50～4.87)。女性因素中月经初龄(OR=2.32,95%CI:1.07～5.02)。[结论]社会经济状况较低的人群更容易患类风湿性关节炎,环境潮湿、经常扁桃体发炎、被动吸烟与类风湿性关节炎发生有关。在女性因素中,月经初龄与女性类风湿性关节炎有关。

缺血性中风发病前7～30d内症状的病例对照研究

[目的 ]探讨缺血性中风急性发病前 7～ 30d内相关症状 ,为缺血性中风病急性期的尽早诊断和治疗提供症状依据。 [方法 ]采用 1∶2配对病例对照研究方法 ,调查缺血性中风病人急性发病前 7～ 30d内的相关症状 ,对数据进行条件Logistic回归分析。[结果 ]缺血性中风急性发病前 7～ 30d内主要相关症状有 ,主症 :手麻 ,体胖臃肿 ;次症 :口臭 ,持续眩晕 ,两目干涩 ,颜面正常、食后困顿 ,头晕 ;伴症 :急躁。 [结论 ]手麻是这一时相的首选主要先兆症状 ;体胖臃肿为这一时相的次要症状 ;并有以口臭为表现的胃肠道方面症状 ;和以眩晕为表现的平衡障碍方面症状 (病人或见持续眩晕、或见头晕 ) ;及以食后困顿为表现的睡眠方面症状 ;以两目干涩为表现的眼部方面症状 ;其他 ,如面色正常 ,和以急躁为表现的情绪方面症状。总之 ,若病人平时性情急躁易怒 ,体胖臃肿 ,并伴有口臭 ,但面色正常 ,而仅见有手麻 ,或伴有持续眩晕、头晕 ,或见两目干涩、或伴食后困顿的症状表现 ,可以认为病人处于缺血性中风急性发病前的先兆期阶段。

缺血性中风发病前3～7天内症状的条件Logistic回归分析

目的 探讨缺血性中风急性发病前3～7d内相关症状,为缺血性中风的尽早诊断和治疗提供症状依据。方法 采用1∶2配对病例对照研究方法,调查缺血性中风患者急性发病前3～7d内的相关症状,对数据进行条件Logistic回归分析。结果 缺血性中风急性发病前3～7d内主要相关症状如下:主症为头痛而痛处不移,食后困顿,体胖臃肿,嗜睡;次症为颜面正常,手麻,两目干涩,急躁,头晕,头昏沉,持续眩晕,面色晦暗;伴症为面红,气息均匀。结论 头痛而痛处不移是这一时相的首要症状,并出现属于意识觉醒障碍的嗜睡症状及以食后困顿为表现的睡眠症状,手麻为感觉障碍方面症状,眩晕为平衡障碍方面症状(患者或见头昏沉,或头晕,或持续眩晕),并有以两目干涩为表现的眼部症状,面部颜色以颜面正常为主,也可见面色晦暗,偶见面红;其它可见急躁,体胖臃肿,气息均匀。总之,若患者出现以头痛而痛处不移为主要表现,同时伴有嗜睡等症状,表明其处于缺血性中风急性期始发态的早期阶段;若仅见手麻、头昏沉、或头晕、或持续眩晕,且伴有食后困顿、两目干涩等症状,表明其处于缺血性中风急性期始发态的早期先兆阶段。