Xue and Haoxue:Learning Contents and Learning Attitude in The Analects of Confucius

The Analects(Lunyu論語)is a fundamental text for understanding the teachings of Confucius and offers an extensive account of the importance and methodology of learning(xue學)in the quest to become a junzi(君子),or exemplary person.This paper explores the contents and attitudes of learning as presented in The Analects,focusing on how Confucius’disciples and subsequent generations compiled and understood his teachings.Confucius emphasized that the ultimate goal of learning is to become a junzi.The term junzi originally referred to nobles or aristocrats but was redefined by Confucius to describe anyone who cultivates themselves to achieve moral excellence and serve society effectively.In The Analects,the concept of junzi is constructed through various entries that illustrate what a junzi should and should not do,highlighting attributes such as being highly principled,disciplined,ethical,and capable.Confucius outlined specific content areas for learning that were essential for personal and social development.These included learning cultural knowledge(學文),the Book of Changes(學易),the Book of Odes(學詩),the Book of Propriety(學禮),and the Way(學道).He believed that proper behavior,such as filial piety,respect for elders,trustworthiness,and benevolence,was a prerequisite for effective learning.Through the study of these classical texts,learners could cultivate their emotions,improve their observational abilities,and enhance their social skills.In addition to content,Confucius stressed the importance of having the right attitude towards learning.He valued the enjoyment of learning(好學)and praised those who pursued knowledge with diligence and an open mind.This attitude was exemplified by his favorite disciple,Yan Hui,who was noted for his ability to learn without repeating mistakes or transferring anger to others.Confucius himself also modeled this attitude,demonstrating a lifelong commitment to learning and self-improvement.In conclusion,The Analects presents learning as a holistic process that encompasses not only the acquisition of knowledge but also the development of moral and social virtues.Confucius’teachings emphasize that through persistent and disciplined learning,individuals can achieve personal growth and contribute positively to society,embodying the qualities of a true junzi.

From“Semantic Equivalence”to“Verve Reproduction”—Exploration on Xu Yuanchong’s English Translation of the Analects

This paper focuses on the English translation of Xu Yuanchong’s Analects,explains in depth the theory of semantic equivalence and the theory of verve reproduction.It analyzes the application and integration of these two theories by Xu Yuanchong in detail.Through a comprehensive textual analysis,this paper summarizes the remarkable achievements of the English translation of the Analects,such as the accurate transmission of semantics and the vivid reproduction of cultural charm,which is expected to bring new thinking directions and valuable references to the study of the English translation of the Analects.

Interpretation and Translation:A Case Study of the Translation of“Péng(朋)”and“Yǒu(友)”in The Analects of Confucius

Lun Yu or The Analects,a masterpiece of ancient Chinese thought,contains Chinese Confucianism and the values and ways of doing things that it represents.This paper focuses on the interpretation and translation of“péng(朋)”and“yǒu(友)”in the translations by James Legge,Arthur Waley,Koo Hung-ming,and Xu Yuanchong respectively to explore the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western cultures and the concepts held by different translators in the way of conducting oneself in society.

Comparative study on the two translations of The Analects

Introduction:The Analects, recording Confucius and his disciples’ talking andteaching, was written in the period of Spring and Autumn

“Filial Piety” in The Analects of Confucius and “Filial Piety” in Today’s Society

Against today’s backdrop of“filial piety”in society,the“filial piety”in the Analects of Confucius triggered heated debates.Since ancient times,“filial piety”,which is of great importance to traditional Chinese culture,has been an important part of Confucianism.“Ingratitude”will inevitably be condemned by society.But nowadays,“irrational filial piety”will turn into“foolish filial piety”.Therefore,what people should do is to carry out“rational filial piety”and carry forward Chinese traditional culture critically so as to make contribution to building a harmonious socialist society.

Pedagogical Insights Found in The Analects

This essay tries to uncover and interpret Confucius’s educational philosophy as embodied in The Analects and its implications for today’s college education in hopes that it may provide higher educational institutions and teachers with some insights into their teaching practices to help improve their teaching quality.

A Comparative Study on Different Translations of“Ren(仁)”in The Ana Analects of Confucius in Chinese and Western Cultures

The concept of"ren"(仁) in The Analects of Confucius is at the core of Confucianism and has acquired rich connotations and a dis-tinguished position. Enormous differences in cultural background between the East and the West, however, result in varied under-standings of"ren". In this paper, a detailed comparison between Ku Hung-ming's translation of The Analects of Confucius andthat of James Legge's is made to analyze the the impact of different cultural background on the understanding and translation of"ren"in the relevant contexts. It is concluded that cultural difference exerts a great influence on the English versions of The Ana-lects of Confucius.

The ＂Gongfu Finger＂ and Leaming in the Analects

After having discussed three main features of Ni Peimin＇s understanding of the gongfu orientation in reading the Analects, this essay examines the first of the key terms in the whole of the book, i.e., xue/＂learning＂ （学） and critically elaborates how our understanding of Confucius could be deepened and enriched under the guidance of this new orientation which Ni calls the ＂gongfu finger.＂

The Wisdom of Administration in The Analects

The basic spirit of administration in The Analects includes the five following aspects： the wisdom of administration regarding humanity as the foundation; the wisdom of leadership with primary virtue; the wisdom of conducting business with righteousness; the wisdom of harmonious organization; and the wisdom of coordination with the mean. Relative to modern Western rational spirit of scientific management, Confucian management focuses on exploring the humanities and shaping human nature, and this has a unique value for contemporary management activities.

Attitudinal Resources and Elicitors of Identii cation in The Analects

Though The Analects is considered one of the major classics of both Confucianism and Chinese culture,little work has been done in investigating the discursive and rhetorical elements of the text and the ways in which it seeks to create a positive perception of Confucius and Confucianism.Based on the Appraisal Theory developed in systemic-functional linguistics for studying interpersonal meaning,this paper focuses on the role of the kinds of attitude constructed and features of attitudinal resources used to determine how Confucius and Confucianism are projected into the text.Drawing on a detailed analysis of 10 texts,the paper explores the ways in which attitudinal resources work as elicitors of identification in The Analects.The study shows that all of the selected texts are rich in attitudinal resources,although the three attitude values,i.e.affect,judgment,and appreciation,are not equally distributed.The resources of judgment in the texts make up 57%of the total,while the frequencies of occurrence for affect and appreciation make up the remainder almost equivalently.The qualitative analysis of the corpus demonstrates how features of attitudes are used to create a positive image of Confucianism and thus achieve reader identif ication.The study provides a strong argument for the need to examine varieties of attitudes as components of rhetoric and suggests that those interested in the study of The Analects need to become more aware of how aspects of attitude and appraisal were used to accomplish rhetorical goals.

Toward a Gongfu Reconstruction of Confucianism -Responses to Comments by Huang Yong, Fan Ruiping, and Wang Qingjie

Responding to comments of my recent book, Understanding the Analects of Confucius, by Huang Yong, Fan Ruiping, and Wang Qingjie, this paper looks to highlight one of its major features--that it is a contemporary continuation of the Chinese tradition of doing commentary both as a way of allowing classic texts to unfold their rich meanings in the context of different times, and as a way for the commentator to express his or her own views. It strives to explain how a gongfu reconstruction of Confucianism can explain the apparent inconsistency between advocating rule-like instructions next to its encouragement of the art of flexibility, and to reveal what is more fundamental about Confucianism--rather than a system of rigid moral rules, it is an art of life. This gongfu interpretation would lead to the view that Confucianism does not depend on metaphysical truths as its justification, although it does need to hold metaphysical views as a way of affirming its values, which are justified through the excellence of life to which they lead. While the gongfu approach more accurately reflects Confucius＇ own philosophical orientation, and it is therefore used to determine technical details such as what interpretations to put into translation of a text and what interpretations to list in the annotations as alternatives, it is, in the author＇s humble view, also a unique contribution that the Chinese tradition can offer to world philosophy.