Introduction: Human malaria infection remains a problem of public health importance in many regions of the world. The infection continues to spread particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, malaria and its treat...Introduction: Human malaria infection remains a problem of public health importance in many regions of the world. The infection continues to spread particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, malaria and its treatment have been affected by factors like wrong diagnosis, wrong attitude of the people, unavailability of drugs, fake and substandard drugs, attitude and practices of medical and paramedical personnel. Nigeria’s national standard for malaria treatment was recently changed to artemisinin combination therapy. Methods: A descriptive study using a structured questionnaire was administered to all doctors (123) practicing in the three Army hospitals in Lagos. The study was done between March, 2009 and April, 2009. The findings were precoded;data entry and analysis was done using EPI INFO version 3.5.1 statistical software. Results: Presumptive/clinical diagnosis was still a common practice for diagnosing malaria among doctors, as well as the use of microscopy. None of the doctors had the facility for diagnosing malaria with rapid diagnostic test in their hospitals. Fifty one percent of the doctors stated that they utilized the current National antimalarial treatment guidelines. Significant proportion of the doctors used Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACTs) as first line treatment of uncomplicated malaria in adults and children. Chloroquine was the commonest drug for first line treatment of uncomplicated malaria in pregnancy. Only 45.5% of the doctors had correct knowledge of Intermittent Preventive Treatment in pregnancy (IPTp), while 33.3% knew the stage of pregnancy in which a pregnant woman should receive IPTp with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine. Awareness and the content of knowledge of the current National antimalarial treatment guideline were not affected by the category or current position of the doctors. Thirteen percent of the respondents had attended training/update workshop organized by the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) Roll Back Malaria programme on the current National antimalarial treatment guideline. Conclusion: The study showed that there is need to improve use of recommended antimalarial medicines for all categories of patients by doctors in Army Hospitals in Lagos. More effort should be made by the Federal Ministry of Health and other stakeholders to organize training and refresher courses on the current National antimalarial treatment guidelines for all categories of health care providers.展开更多
The fourth wave science and technology revolution is quickly ushering in a worldwide military revolution.The major powers such as the United States,Russia and China are all striving to catch up with the wave by accele...The fourth wave science and technology revolution is quickly ushering in a worldwide military revolution.The major powers such as the United States,Russia and China are all striving to catch up with the wave by accelerating their own research on new military technology and the deployment of new military equipment.This presents significant changes to the international security system:the existing disarmament and arms control system is on the brink of collapse,strategic competition among the big powers has intensified,and the risk of global turbulence is on the rise.The future of international security and its mechanism depends both on the method and direction of the technology revolution,and on the ability of the big powers to put aside their differences and avoid conflict in the major arenas of competition.In this process,China should seek to play a bigger and more constructive role.This would not only be conducive to world peace and development,but is also the only way for China to secure a seat in the future international system.展开更多
The Long March of the Chinese Workers’and Peasants’Red Army is hailed as the“Red Ribbon on the Earth.”The Long March was characterized by revolutionary heroism and,at the same time,was no lack of revolutionary rom...The Long March of the Chinese Workers’and Peasants’Red Army is hailed as the“Red Ribbon on the Earth.”The Long March was characterized by revolutionary heroism and,at the same time,was no lack of revolutionary romanticism.This arduous journey also presented two difficult questions:whether to celebrate festivals and holidays or not and whether to celebrate them simply or grandly.By exploring such trade-offs,we can appreciate a strong sense of national identity among the Red Army soldiers as idealists,grasp more historical details of the world-shattering Long March,and feel the resilience and greatness of the Chinese nation.展开更多
ESP and EGP are both important for students but,at the moment,we have not paid enough emphasis on ESP course because there are some limits for us to teach ESP effectively.In this article,the writer will analyze the cu...ESP and EGP are both important for students but,at the moment,we have not paid enough emphasis on ESP course because there are some limits for us to teach ESP effectively.In this article,the writer will analyze the current situation of ESP and EGP and appeal for persons concerned to put stress on it to keep the balance between ESP and EGP.展开更多
The status and meaning of culture is closely related to the modem China＇s revolution. Terry Eagleton＇s cultural derivation provides a basis for redefining culture in the process of Chinese revolution. According to t...The status and meaning of culture is closely related to the modem China＇s revolution. Terry Eagleton＇s cultural derivation provides a basis for redefining culture in the process of Chinese revolution. According to this, the new cultural movement in May 4th and the Chinese Marxism aesthetics in Yan＇an have taken on the common issues like national and ideological transformation, whereas they have their own historical phase and thus the historical relativity characteristics. As the main body of culture transfer, the intellectuals implement the effective transformation of identity in the process from elite culture to the popularization of culture, and vigorously promote the idea of culture in the context of the Chinese revolution from dilemma to redemption.展开更多
Students of modem Chinese history, and modern Shanghai history in particular, tend to view Shanghai as having been a lone islet during the Pacific War when it was cut off from other parts of the world. This article, h...Students of modem Chinese history, and modern Shanghai history in particular, tend to view Shanghai as having been a lone islet during the Pacific War when it was cut off from other parts of the world. This article, however, argues that Shanghai was still well connected to areas under the control of the Japanese throughout the war. Using the Sikh community in Shanghai as a case, it demonstrates how the Indian National Army used both a Japanese-initiated military highway and the long-existing Indian diasporic network in Southeast and East Asia to facilitate a certain kind of mobilization. It further sheds light on how the Sikhs in Shanghai were influenced by and responded to the Indian National Army＇s endeavors.展开更多
This article proposes a new way of viewing Republican-era warlords. Through an examination of the life ofLi Dequan, the second wife of warlord Feng Yuxiang, it displaces Feng from his typical military and political co...This article proposes a new way of viewing Republican-era warlords. Through an examination of the life ofLi Dequan, the second wife of warlord Feng Yuxiang, it displaces Feng from his typical military and political context, scrutinizing instead the ways that Feng and Li interwove the private intimacies of love, marriage, and family life into their public and political lives. In the Republic, Feng and Li, like many prominent figures of the time, shared elements of their private lives with journalists and, through them, a broader reading public, posing for photographs with their children on their way to school and inviting reporters to family events. Feng and Li utilized this newfound intimacy between public and political leaders to cultivate public sympathy and support. By the early PRC, Li--following Feng＇s sudden 1948 death--was named the first Minister of Health of the People＇s Republic of China and her roles as wife and romantic object fell away. Instead, she focused on mothering the nation. By the late twentieth century, emphasis on the Li and Feng romance reappeared in writings about the couple, and while these narratives drew on the Republican-era stories, it was made to seem that Li＇s feminism rather than Feng＇s modernity had facilitated their true love. Though the warlords have often been seen as destructive, exploring Feng＇s and Li＇s lives demonstrates that factional militarists and their families contributed to a new political culture grounded in a gendered national narrative that merewrite family and nation.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Human malaria infection remains a problem of public health importance in many regions of the world. The infection continues to spread particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, malaria and its treatment have been affected by factors like wrong diagnosis, wrong attitude of the people, unavailability of drugs, fake and substandard drugs, attitude and practices of medical and paramedical personnel. Nigeria’s national standard for malaria treatment was recently changed to artemisinin combination therapy. Methods: A descriptive study using a structured questionnaire was administered to all doctors (123) practicing in the three Army hospitals in Lagos. The study was done between March, 2009 and April, 2009. The findings were precoded;data entry and analysis was done using EPI INFO version 3.5.1 statistical software. Results: Presumptive/clinical diagnosis was still a common practice for diagnosing malaria among doctors, as well as the use of microscopy. None of the doctors had the facility for diagnosing malaria with rapid diagnostic test in their hospitals. Fifty one percent of the doctors stated that they utilized the current National antimalarial treatment guidelines. Significant proportion of the doctors used Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACTs) as first line treatment of uncomplicated malaria in adults and children. Chloroquine was the commonest drug for first line treatment of uncomplicated malaria in pregnancy. Only 45.5% of the doctors had correct knowledge of Intermittent Preventive Treatment in pregnancy (IPTp), while 33.3% knew the stage of pregnancy in which a pregnant woman should receive IPTp with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine. Awareness and the content of knowledge of the current National antimalarial treatment guideline were not affected by the category or current position of the doctors. Thirteen percent of the respondents had attended training/update workshop organized by the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) Roll Back Malaria programme on the current National antimalarial treatment guideline. Conclusion: The study showed that there is need to improve use of recommended antimalarial medicines for all categories of patients by doctors in Army Hospitals in Lagos. More effort should be made by the Federal Ministry of Health and other stakeholders to organize training and refresher courses on the current National antimalarial treatment guidelines for all categories of health care providers.
文摘The fourth wave science and technology revolution is quickly ushering in a worldwide military revolution.The major powers such as the United States,Russia and China are all striving to catch up with the wave by accelerating their own research on new military technology and the deployment of new military equipment.This presents significant changes to the international security system:the existing disarmament and arms control system is on the brink of collapse,strategic competition among the big powers has intensified,and the risk of global turbulence is on the rise.The future of international security and its mechanism depends both on the method and direction of the technology revolution,and on the ability of the big powers to put aside their differences and avoid conflict in the major arenas of competition.In this process,China should seek to play a bigger and more constructive role.This would not only be conducive to world peace and development,but is also the only way for China to secure a seat in the future international system.
基金result of“Research on the Cultural Characteristics of Displays and Exhibitions Themed on the History of the Long March of the Chinese Workers’and Peasants’Red Army”(17XDJ008),a 2017 program funded by the National Social Sciences Fund of China(NSSFC).
文摘The Long March of the Chinese Workers’and Peasants’Red Army is hailed as the“Red Ribbon on the Earth.”The Long March was characterized by revolutionary heroism and,at the same time,was no lack of revolutionary romanticism.This arduous journey also presented two difficult questions:whether to celebrate festivals and holidays or not and whether to celebrate them simply or grandly.By exploring such trade-offs,we can appreciate a strong sense of national identity among the Red Army soldiers as idealists,grasp more historical details of the world-shattering Long March,and feel the resilience and greatness of the Chinese nation.
文摘ESP and EGP are both important for students but,at the moment,we have not paid enough emphasis on ESP course because there are some limits for us to teach ESP effectively.In this article,the writer will analyze the current situation of ESP and EGP and appeal for persons concerned to put stress on it to keep the balance between ESP and EGP.
文摘The status and meaning of culture is closely related to the modem China＇s revolution. Terry Eagleton＇s cultural derivation provides a basis for redefining culture in the process of Chinese revolution. According to this, the new cultural movement in May 4th and the Chinese Marxism aesthetics in Yan＇an have taken on the common issues like national and ideological transformation, whereas they have their own historical phase and thus the historical relativity characteristics. As the main body of culture transfer, the intellectuals implement the effective transformation of identity in the process from elite culture to the popularization of culture, and vigorously promote the idea of culture in the context of the Chinese revolution from dilemma to redemption.
文摘Students of modem Chinese history, and modern Shanghai history in particular, tend to view Shanghai as having been a lone islet during the Pacific War when it was cut off from other parts of the world. This article, however, argues that Shanghai was still well connected to areas under the control of the Japanese throughout the war. Using the Sikh community in Shanghai as a case, it demonstrates how the Indian National Army used both a Japanese-initiated military highway and the long-existing Indian diasporic network in Southeast and East Asia to facilitate a certain kind of mobilization. It further sheds light on how the Sikhs in Shanghai were influenced by and responded to the Indian National Army＇s endeavors.
文摘This article proposes a new way of viewing Republican-era warlords. Through an examination of the life ofLi Dequan, the second wife of warlord Feng Yuxiang, it displaces Feng from his typical military and political context, scrutinizing instead the ways that Feng and Li interwove the private intimacies of love, marriage, and family life into their public and political lives. In the Republic, Feng and Li, like many prominent figures of the time, shared elements of their private lives with journalists and, through them, a broader reading public, posing for photographs with their children on their way to school and inviting reporters to family events. Feng and Li utilized this newfound intimacy between public and political leaders to cultivate public sympathy and support. By the early PRC, Li--following Feng＇s sudden 1948 death--was named the first Minister of Health of the People＇s Republic of China and her roles as wife and romantic object fell away. Instead, she focused on mothering the nation. By the late twentieth century, emphasis on the Li and Feng romance reappeared in writings about the couple, and while these narratives drew on the Republican-era stories, it was made to seem that Li＇s feminism rather than Feng＇s modernity had facilitated their true love. Though the warlords have often been seen as destructive, exploring Feng＇s and Li＇s lives demonstrates that factional militarists and their families contributed to a new political culture grounded in a gendered national narrative that merewrite family and nation.
