This article introduces the history of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,from Zhang Xichun,a representative of the Huitong School of Chinese and Western Medicine,and the historical"abolition of trad...This article introduces the history of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,from Zhang Xichun,a representative of the Huitong School of Chinese and Western Medicine,and the historical"abolition of traditional Chinese medicine",and"the scientificization of Chinese medicine"to"Integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine",passing the tortuous development.The integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has achieved fruitful results from the intense divergence in understanding to education,scientific research,clinical practice,and theoretical research.This article discusses the development process of the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in detail from multiple dimensions such as history,reality,theory,and practice.In particular,it introduces Zhang Xichun's views and practice of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the theory and practice of modern integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the main achievements of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine,and typical cases of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.It provides reference for the vast number of integrated Chinese and Western medicine workers.展开更多
In pig-to-human xenotransplantation,the transmission risk of porcine endogenous retroviruses(PERVs)is of great concern.However,the distribution of PERVs in pig genomes,their genetic variation among Eurasian pigs,and t...In pig-to-human xenotransplantation,the transmission risk of porcine endogenous retroviruses(PERVs)is of great concern.However,the distribution of PERVs in pig genomes,their genetic variation among Eurasian pigs,and their evolutionary history remain unclear.We scanned PERVs in the current pig reference genome(assembly Build 11.1),and identified 36 long complete or near-complete PERVs(lc PERVs)and 23 short incomplete PERVs(si PERVs).Besides three known PERVs(PERV-A,-B,and-C),four novel types(PERV-JX1,-JX2,-JX3,and-JX4)were detected in this study.According to evolutionary analyses,the newly discovered PERVs were more ancient,and PERV-Bs probably experienced a bottleneck~0.5 million years ago(Ma).By analyzing63 high-quality porcine whole-genome resequencing data,we found that the PERV copy numbers in Chinese pigs were lower(32.0±4.0)than in Western pigs(49.1±6.5).Additionally,the PERV sequence diversity was lower in Chinese pigs than in Western pigs.Regarding the lc PERV copy numbers,PERV-A and-JX2 in Western pigs were higher than in Chinese pigs.Notably,Bama Xiang(BMX)pigs had the lowest PERV copy number(27.8±5.1),and a BMX individual had no PERV-C and the lowest PERV copy number(23),suggesting that BMX pigs were more suitable for screening and/or modification as xenograft donors.Furthermore,we identified 451 PERV transposon insertion polymorphisms(TIPs),of which 86 were shared by all 10 Chinese and Western pig breeds.Our findings provide systematic insights into the genomic distribution,variation,evolution,and possible biological function of PERVs.展开更多
Chinese names are different from Western names because of the differences in the history and customs between China and Western countries. Knowing the differences between Chinese and Western names can help us understan...Chinese names are different from Western names because of the differences in the history and customs between China and Western countries. Knowing the differences between Chinese and Western names can help us understand more about Chinese and Western culture.展开更多
For a long time,due to the differences in terrain and culture,the aesthetic appreciation of Chinese and Western gardens has produced a large gap in modeling and design.Although the composition of garden elements is no...For a long time,due to the differences in terrain and culture,the aesthetic appreciation of Chinese and Western gardens has produced a large gap in modeling and design.Although the composition of garden elements is nothing more than landscape and architecture,there are obvious differences in the use of space and natural attitudes.Chinese gardens always follow the laws of natural beauty and formal beauty in modeling design,and respect nature in attitude and coordinate with nature.However,western gardens attach importance to architecture and artificalism,highlight rational aesthetics,get used to transforming nature in attitude,and always focus on"taking people as the center".They also have cognitive differences in the study of garden history.Comparing the Chinese and Western view of landscape architecture can enrich and expand the possibility of"Chinese landscape architecture research".展开更多
文摘This article introduces the history of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,from Zhang Xichun,a representative of the Huitong School of Chinese and Western Medicine,and the historical"abolition of traditional Chinese medicine",and"the scientificization of Chinese medicine"to"Integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine",passing the tortuous development.The integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has achieved fruitful results from the intense divergence in understanding to education,scientific research,clinical practice,and theoretical research.This article discusses the development process of the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in detail from multiple dimensions such as history,reality,theory,and practice.In particular,it introduces Zhang Xichun's views and practice of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the theory and practice of modern integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the main achievements of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine,and typical cases of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.It provides reference for the vast number of integrated Chinese and Western medicine workers.
基金supported by the National Swine Industry and Technology System of China(nycytx-009)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672383)。
文摘In pig-to-human xenotransplantation,the transmission risk of porcine endogenous retroviruses(PERVs)is of great concern.However,the distribution of PERVs in pig genomes,their genetic variation among Eurasian pigs,and their evolutionary history remain unclear.We scanned PERVs in the current pig reference genome(assembly Build 11.1),and identified 36 long complete or near-complete PERVs(lc PERVs)and 23 short incomplete PERVs(si PERVs).Besides three known PERVs(PERV-A,-B,and-C),four novel types(PERV-JX1,-JX2,-JX3,and-JX4)were detected in this study.According to evolutionary analyses,the newly discovered PERVs were more ancient,and PERV-Bs probably experienced a bottleneck~0.5 million years ago(Ma).By analyzing63 high-quality porcine whole-genome resequencing data,we found that the PERV copy numbers in Chinese pigs were lower(32.0±4.0)than in Western pigs(49.1±6.5).Additionally,the PERV sequence diversity was lower in Chinese pigs than in Western pigs.Regarding the lc PERV copy numbers,PERV-A and-JX2 in Western pigs were higher than in Chinese pigs.Notably,Bama Xiang(BMX)pigs had the lowest PERV copy number(27.8±5.1),and a BMX individual had no PERV-C and the lowest PERV copy number(23),suggesting that BMX pigs were more suitable for screening and/or modification as xenograft donors.Furthermore,we identified 451 PERV transposon insertion polymorphisms(TIPs),of which 86 were shared by all 10 Chinese and Western pig breeds.Our findings provide systematic insights into the genomic distribution,variation,evolution,and possible biological function of PERVs.
文摘Chinese names are different from Western names because of the differences in the history and customs between China and Western countries. Knowing the differences between Chinese and Western names can help us understand more about Chinese and Western culture.
文摘For a long time,due to the differences in terrain and culture,the aesthetic appreciation of Chinese and Western gardens has produced a large gap in modeling and design.Although the composition of garden elements is nothing more than landscape and architecture,there are obvious differences in the use of space and natural attitudes.Chinese gardens always follow the laws of natural beauty and formal beauty in modeling design,and respect nature in attitude and coordinate with nature.However,western gardens attach importance to architecture and artificalism,highlight rational aesthetics,get used to transforming nature in attitude,and always focus on"taking people as the center".They also have cognitive differences in the study of garden history.Comparing the Chinese and Western view of landscape architecture can enrich and expand the possibility of"Chinese landscape architecture research".
