This study focuses on the analysis of the Chinese composition writing performance of fourth,fifth,and sixth grade students in 16 selected schools in Longhua District,Shenzhen during the spring semester of 2023.Using L...This study focuses on the analysis of the Chinese composition writing performance of fourth,fifth,and sixth grade students in 16 selected schools in Longhua District,Shenzhen during the spring semester of 2023.Using LIWC(Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count)as a text analysis tool,the study explores the impact of LIWC categories on writing performance which is scaled by score.The results show that the simple LIWC word categories have a significant positive influence on the composition scores of lower-grade students;while complex LIWC word categories have a significant negative influence on the composition scores of lower-grade students but a significant positive influence on the composition scores of higher-grade students.Process word categories have a positive influence on the composition scores of all three grades,but the impact of complex process word categories increases as the grade level rises.展开更多
Based on the redefinition of Chinese loan words and corresponding types of Chinese loan words, this article makes an initiative hypothesis that nowadays the ideographic trend of Chinese loan words is being hastened to...Based on the redefinition of Chinese loan words and corresponding types of Chinese loan words, this article makes an initiative hypothesis that nowadays the ideographic trend of Chinese loan words is being hastened to a greater degree than before.Depending on the Prototype Models Theory for the types of Chinese loan words, a comprehensive analysis of this trend is made in four aspects:the transfer from transliteration loans to loan translation;the ideographic trend of transliteration loans;the full ideograph of shift loan words;word-for-word translation of loan words.展开更多
Translation is not only the process of transforming langue form, but also the process of interacting one thinking means and concept with another. Moreover, so as to ensure accuracy of translation, one needs to compreh...Translation is not only the process of transforming langue form, but also the process of interacting one thinking means and concept with another. Moreover, so as to ensure accuracy of translation, one needs to comprehend the sense of words in the source language correctly, and take appropriate approach to resolve the differences between Chinese and English through analyzing the causes. Therefore, this paper will study the differences of sense of words between English and Chinese in translation.展开更多
Chinese four-character idioms loaded with color words are the typical symbol of the Chinese culture and their transition is important to Chinese-English dictionaries.The quality of the dictionary and users' unders...Chinese four-character idioms loaded with color words are the typical symbol of the Chinese culture and their transition is important to Chinese-English dictionaries.The quality of the dictionary and users' understanding are affected by the correctness and appropriateness of their translation.This paper mainly focuses on the translation of four-character Chinese idioms with color words in New Century Chinese-English Dictionary.The research shows that there are three strategies for Chinese fourcharacter idioms loaded with color words in the dictionaries:literal translation,free translation and the integration of literal translation and annotative translation.展开更多
Comments were made on the "word-for-word" literal translation method used by Mr. Nigel Wiseman in A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. He believes that only literal translation can reflect Chinese medical con...Comments were made on the "word-for-word" literal translation method used by Mr. Nigel Wiseman in A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. He believes that only literal translation can reflect Chinese medical concepts accurately. The so-called "word-for-word" translation is actually "English-word-for- Chinese-character" translation. First, the authors of the dictionary made a list of Single Characters with English Equivalents, and then they gave each character of the medical term an English equivalent according to the list. Finally, they made some minor modifications to make the rendering grammatically smoother. Many English terms thus produced are confusing. The defect of the word-for-word literal translation stems from the erroneous idea that a single character constitutes the basic element of meaning corresponding to the notion of "word" in English, and the meaning of a disyllabic or polysyllabic Chinese word is the simple addition of the constituent characters. Another big mistake is the negligence of the polysemy of Chinese characters. One or two English equivalents can by no means cover all the various meanings of a single character which is a polysemous monosyllabic word. Various examples were cited from this dictionary to illustrate the mistakes.展开更多
Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) develop a negative cognitive bias, but how they respond to information in Chinese emotional words is unclear. Here we used a Stroop paradigm with subliminal Chinese emot...Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) develop a negative cognitive bias, but how they respond to information in Chinese emotional words is unclear. Here we used a Stroop paradigm with subliminal Chinese emotional words to explore the event-related potential components of abnormal emotional processing Jn patients with MDD. The correct rate was similar in MDD and normal control groups, but MDD reaction time was longer than the normal controls, especially to the negative and neutral stimuli. In N270, repeated-measure analysis of variance demonstrated a significant main effect of the relation electrode and valence on peak amplitude and interactions between valence and electrode site. The peak amplitudes of the three kinds of words were different in the two groups (positive 〉 negative 〉 neutral). The topography of the difference waves indicated that the difference distributed in the frontal and left parietal-temporal sites across the scalp. In N400, there was a significant main effect of the relation electrode and valence on peak amplitude, and the latency showed a main effect of the electrode and an interaction between electrode and group. The amplitudes induced by type of words were significantly different from each other in both groups (positive 〉 negative 〉 neutral). The topography of the difference waves indicated that the effect of relation type was primarily at left and right frontal and central and left parietal-temporal regions. Both MDD patients and normal controls exhibited significant emotional Stroop effects during the processing of positive/negative Chinese emotional words. MDD patients showed interference in emotional stimuli in early cognitive processing that induced psychological resource intervention during late emotional information processing.展开更多
In recent years,a large number of dialect words merged with Chinese mandarin,becoming a main source of Chinese new words and contributing to the diversity of Chinese.Targeting this phenomenon,the researchers conducted...In recent years,a large number of dialect words merged with Chinese mandarin,becoming a main source of Chinese new words and contributing to the diversity of Chinese.Targeting this phenomenon,the researchers conducted research on those words.By studying literature,sending out questionnaires,making field trips and observations,this paper analyzes the main factors influencing the dialect words'absorption in Chinese mandarin and the channels involved,summarizes the traits of their formula tion.展开更多
A local and global context representation learning model for Chinese characters is designed and a Chinese word segmentation method based on character representations is proposed in this paper.First,the proposed Chines...A local and global context representation learning model for Chinese characters is designed and a Chinese word segmentation method based on character representations is proposed in this paper.First,the proposed Chinese character learning model uses the semantics of local context and global context to learn the representation of Chinese characters.Then,Chinese word segmentation model is built by a neural network,while the segmentation model is trained with the character representations as its input features.Finally,experimental results show that Chinese character representations can effectively learn the semantic information.Characters with similar semantics cluster together in the visualize space.Moreover,the proposed Chinese word segmentation model also achieves a pretty good improvement on precision,recall and f-measure.展开更多
Text similarity has a relatively wide range of applications in many fields, such as intelligent information retrieval, question answering system, text rechecking, machine translation, and so on. The text similarity co...Text similarity has a relatively wide range of applications in many fields, such as intelligent information retrieval, question answering system, text rechecking, machine translation, and so on. The text similarity computing based on the meaning has been used more widely in the similarity computing of the words and phrase. Using the knowledge structure of the and its method of knowledge description, taking into account the other factor and weight that influenced similarity, making full use of depth and density of the Concept-Sememe tree, an improved method of Chinese word similarity calculation based on semantic distance was provided in this paper. Finally the effectiveness of this method was verified by the simulation results.展开更多
Finding out out-of-vocabulary words is an urgent and difficult task in Chinese words segmentation. To avoid the defect causing by offline training in the traditional method,the paper proposes an improved prediction by...Finding out out-of-vocabulary words is an urgent and difficult task in Chinese words segmentation. To avoid the defect causing by offline training in the traditional method,the paper proposes an improved prediction by partical match (PPM) segmenting algorithm for Chinese words based on extracting local context information,which adds the context information of the testing text into the local PPM statistical model so as to guide the detection of new words. The algorithm focuses on the process of online segmentation and new word detection which achieves a good effect in the close or opening test,and outperforms some well-known Chinese segmentation system to a certain extent.展开更多
Connotations refer to the additional meanings that a word or phrase has beyond its central meaning.These meanings show people's attitudes or feelings toward what the word or phrase refers to.People from different ...Connotations refer to the additional meanings that a word or phrase has beyond its central meaning.These meanings show people's attitudes or feelings toward what the word or phrase refers to.People from different countries or regions may have different connotative reactions to the word or phrase because of their different social and cultural background.Such as the word "dog" in English and 狗(gou)in Chinese.Though they can be said to have the same denotative meaning,people from China and English-speaking countries havedifferent attitudes toward the above two words.This article is about to compare English and Chinese cultural connotations in terms of animal words.And the author hopes there will be fewer and fewer communicative problems arising from cultural differences in intercultural communication as long as people from different countries or regions could more and more understand each other's culture.展开更多
With China's all-round social development,especially entering the 21century,the social economy,science and technology and also the language changes are in a fast speed.Particularly,the growth of the Chinese-specif...With China's all-round social development,especially entering the 21century,the social economy,science and technology and also the language changes are in a fast speed.Particularly,the growth of the Chinese-specific new words is much faster than any other periods.Along with the intercultural communication,the English translation of Chinese-specific new words has become a new research focus.Firstly,the paper is to introduce the growth background of the new lexical words,and then gives a definition and classifies them into the specific fields,after that the paper will discuss the two translation strategies-domestication and foreignization in translating the Chinese-specific new words to English.Comparing the strengthens and shortcomings of the two strategies,the paper draws a conclusion—regard the two translation strategies in a dialectical way.展开更多
Along with the unceasingly booming of new terms in Chinese language, some people complain that it is becoming more and more difficult to understand some terms like "囧", "给力","织围脖". ...Along with the unceasingly booming of new terms in Chinese language, some people complain that it is becoming more and more difficult to understand some terms like "囧", "给力","织围脖". Recently, there is a national notice about the forbidding of using"神马","PK"and "浮云" in the composition of Chinese Subject while attending the University Entrance Examination. Some linguists are wondering shall the orthodox language absorb all of them. Should the local legislation do anything about the protection of language and characters? How long will these emerging new words lively between people's lips? This article discusses the above questions by focusing on the historical development of the term "玉米", presenting the different attitudes of common people, linguists and the government, and analyzing some common social understanding of these terms.展开更多
Color can not only help us express our feelings,but also enrich the language.There is difference between the west culture and the east culture in how to express with color.Language can embody its culture.While transla...Color can not only help us express our feelings,but also enrich the language.There is difference between the west culture and the east culture in how to express with color.Language can embody its culture.While translating and speaking the color words,we should pay attention its special meaning in culture.展开更多
This paper will introduce the background,purpose and significance of the paper.Then,this paper will elaborate Chinese-culture specific words in detail.After listing some inappropriate ways of translation,this paper pu...This paper will introduce the background,purpose and significance of the paper.Then,this paper will elaborate Chinese-culture specific words in detail.After listing some inappropriate ways of translation,this paper puts forward some suggested methods by examples to meet the demands of people's daily communication.展开更多
Word segmentation is an integral step in many knowledge discovery applications. However, existing word segmentation methods have problems when applying to Chinese judicial documents:(1) existing methods rely on large-...Word segmentation is an integral step in many knowledge discovery applications. However, existing word segmentation methods have problems when applying to Chinese judicial documents:(1) existing methods rely on large-scale labeled data which is typically unavailable in judicial documents, and (2) judicial document has its own language features and writing formats. In this paper, a word segmentation method is proposed for Chinese judicial documents. The proposed method consists of two steps:(1) automatically generating some labeled data as legal dictionaries, and (2) applying a hybrid multilayer neural networks to do word segmentation incorporating legal dictionaries. Experiments are conducted on a dataset of Chinese judicial documents showing that the proposed model can achieve better results than the existing methods.展开更多
There are sorts of color words that are used in all aspects of social life, which reflect cultural differences between Chinese and the Western. Through the analysis and discussion of the color words, we have a better ...There are sorts of color words that are used in all aspects of social life, which reflect cultural differences between Chinese and the Western. Through the analysis and discussion of the color words, we have a better understanding of the Chinese and the Western culture.展开更多
Chinese word segmentation is the basis of natural language processing. The dictionary mechanism significantly influences the efficiency of word segmentation and the understanding of the user’s intention which is impl...Chinese word segmentation is the basis of natural language processing. The dictionary mechanism significantly influences the efficiency of word segmentation and the understanding of the user’s intention which is implied in the user’s query. As the traditional dictionary mechanisms can't meet the present situation of personalized mobile search, this paper presents a new dictionary mechanism which contains the word classification information. This paper, furthermore, puts forward an approach for improving the traditional word bank structure, and proposes an improved FMM segmentation algorithm. The results show that the new dictionary mechanism has made a significant increase on the query efficiency and met the user’s individual requirements better.展开更多
In Chinese and western culture,color words are both as many as the sands in the Ganges river and stars in the blue sky.And its meanings have something in common and also something that is different.To find out the sam...In Chinese and western culture,color words are both as many as the sands in the Ganges river and stars in the blue sky.And its meanings have something in common and also something that is different.To find out the same points and differentias and to avoid mistakes in intercommunication,the writer will analysis the meanings of some main color words and makes an explain for the differences from the aspect of culture between Chinese and western countries by the means of comparison and analysis.After the analysis,the writer discovers that the meanings of the colors are basically different except the purple,and which are deeply affected by their each culture.And the meanings of them would change in the situation of intercommunication.Therefore,we should use these words properly.展开更多
文摘This study focuses on the analysis of the Chinese composition writing performance of fourth,fifth,and sixth grade students in 16 selected schools in Longhua District,Shenzhen during the spring semester of 2023.Using LIWC(Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count)as a text analysis tool,the study explores the impact of LIWC categories on writing performance which is scaled by score.The results show that the simple LIWC word categories have a significant positive influence on the composition scores of lower-grade students;while complex LIWC word categories have a significant negative influence on the composition scores of lower-grade students but a significant positive influence on the composition scores of higher-grade students.Process word categories have a positive influence on the composition scores of all three grades,but the impact of complex process word categories increases as the grade level rises.
文摘Based on the redefinition of Chinese loan words and corresponding types of Chinese loan words, this article makes an initiative hypothesis that nowadays the ideographic trend of Chinese loan words is being hastened to a greater degree than before.Depending on the Prototype Models Theory for the types of Chinese loan words, a comprehensive analysis of this trend is made in four aspects:the transfer from transliteration loans to loan translation;the ideographic trend of transliteration loans;the full ideograph of shift loan words;word-for-word translation of loan words.
文摘Translation is not only the process of transforming langue form, but also the process of interacting one thinking means and concept with another. Moreover, so as to ensure accuracy of translation, one needs to comprehend the sense of words in the source language correctly, and take appropriate approach to resolve the differences between Chinese and English through analyzing the causes. Therefore, this paper will study the differences of sense of words between English and Chinese in translation.
文摘Chinese four-character idioms loaded with color words are the typical symbol of the Chinese culture and their transition is important to Chinese-English dictionaries.The quality of the dictionary and users' understanding are affected by the correctness and appropriateness of their translation.This paper mainly focuses on the translation of four-character Chinese idioms with color words in New Century Chinese-English Dictionary.The research shows that there are three strategies for Chinese fourcharacter idioms loaded with color words in the dictionaries:literal translation,free translation and the integration of literal translation and annotative translation.
文摘Comments were made on the "word-for-word" literal translation method used by Mr. Nigel Wiseman in A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. He believes that only literal translation can reflect Chinese medical concepts accurately. The so-called "word-for-word" translation is actually "English-word-for- Chinese-character" translation. First, the authors of the dictionary made a list of Single Characters with English Equivalents, and then they gave each character of the medical term an English equivalent according to the list. Finally, they made some minor modifications to make the rendering grammatically smoother. Many English terms thus produced are confusing. The defect of the word-for-word literal translation stems from the erroneous idea that a single character constitutes the basic element of meaning corresponding to the notion of "word" in English, and the meaning of a disyllabic or polysyllabic Chinese word is the simple addition of the constituent characters. Another big mistake is the negligence of the polysemy of Chinese characters. One or two English equivalents can by no means cover all the various meanings of a single character which is a polysemous monosyllabic word. Various examples were cited from this dictionary to illustrate the mistakes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30570609
文摘Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) develop a negative cognitive bias, but how they respond to information in Chinese emotional words is unclear. Here we used a Stroop paradigm with subliminal Chinese emotional words to explore the event-related potential components of abnormal emotional processing Jn patients with MDD. The correct rate was similar in MDD and normal control groups, but MDD reaction time was longer than the normal controls, especially to the negative and neutral stimuli. In N270, repeated-measure analysis of variance demonstrated a significant main effect of the relation electrode and valence on peak amplitude and interactions between valence and electrode site. The peak amplitudes of the three kinds of words were different in the two groups (positive 〉 negative 〉 neutral). The topography of the difference waves indicated that the difference distributed in the frontal and left parietal-temporal sites across the scalp. In N400, there was a significant main effect of the relation electrode and valence on peak amplitude, and the latency showed a main effect of the electrode and an interaction between electrode and group. The amplitudes induced by type of words were significantly different from each other in both groups (positive 〉 negative 〉 neutral). The topography of the difference waves indicated that the effect of relation type was primarily at left and right frontal and central and left parietal-temporal regions. Both MDD patients and normal controls exhibited significant emotional Stroop effects during the processing of positive/negative Chinese emotional words. MDD patients showed interference in emotional stimuli in early cognitive processing that induced psychological resource intervention during late emotional information processing.
文摘In recent years,a large number of dialect words merged with Chinese mandarin,becoming a main source of Chinese new words and contributing to the diversity of Chinese.Targeting this phenomenon,the researchers conducted research on those words.By studying literature,sending out questionnaires,making field trips and observations,this paper analyzes the main factors influencing the dialect words'absorption in Chinese mandarin and the channels involved,summarizes the traits of their formula tion.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61303179,U1135005,61175020)
文摘A local and global context representation learning model for Chinese characters is designed and a Chinese word segmentation method based on character representations is proposed in this paper.First,the proposed Chinese character learning model uses the semantics of local context and global context to learn the representation of Chinese characters.Then,Chinese word segmentation model is built by a neural network,while the segmentation model is trained with the character representations as its input features.Finally,experimental results show that Chinese character representations can effectively learn the semantic information.Characters with similar semantics cluster together in the visualize space.Moreover,the proposed Chinese word segmentation model also achieves a pretty good improvement on precision,recall and f-measure.
文摘Text similarity has a relatively wide range of applications in many fields, such as intelligent information retrieval, question answering system, text rechecking, machine translation, and so on. The text similarity computing based on the meaning has been used more widely in the similarity computing of the words and phrase. Using the knowledge structure of the and its method of knowledge description, taking into account the other factor and weight that influenced similarity, making full use of depth and density of the Concept-Sememe tree, an improved method of Chinese word similarity calculation based on semantic distance was provided in this paper. Finally the effectiveness of this method was verified by the simulation results.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No.60903129)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2006AA010107, No.2006AA010108)Foundation of Fujian Province of China (No.2008F3105)
文摘Finding out out-of-vocabulary words is an urgent and difficult task in Chinese words segmentation. To avoid the defect causing by offline training in the traditional method,the paper proposes an improved prediction by partical match (PPM) segmenting algorithm for Chinese words based on extracting local context information,which adds the context information of the testing text into the local PPM statistical model so as to guide the detection of new words. The algorithm focuses on the process of online segmentation and new word detection which achieves a good effect in the close or opening test,and outperforms some well-known Chinese segmentation system to a certain extent.
文摘Connotations refer to the additional meanings that a word or phrase has beyond its central meaning.These meanings show people's attitudes or feelings toward what the word or phrase refers to.People from different countries or regions may have different connotative reactions to the word or phrase because of their different social and cultural background.Such as the word "dog" in English and 狗(gou)in Chinese.Though they can be said to have the same denotative meaning,people from China and English-speaking countries havedifferent attitudes toward the above two words.This article is about to compare English and Chinese cultural connotations in terms of animal words.And the author hopes there will be fewer and fewer communicative problems arising from cultural differences in intercultural communication as long as people from different countries or regions could more and more understand each other's culture.
文摘With China's all-round social development,especially entering the 21century,the social economy,science and technology and also the language changes are in a fast speed.Particularly,the growth of the Chinese-specific new words is much faster than any other periods.Along with the intercultural communication,the English translation of Chinese-specific new words has become a new research focus.Firstly,the paper is to introduce the growth background of the new lexical words,and then gives a definition and classifies them into the specific fields,after that the paper will discuss the two translation strategies-domestication and foreignization in translating the Chinese-specific new words to English.Comparing the strengthens and shortcomings of the two strategies,the paper draws a conclusion—regard the two translation strategies in a dialectical way.
文摘Along with the unceasingly booming of new terms in Chinese language, some people complain that it is becoming more and more difficult to understand some terms like "囧", "给力","织围脖". Recently, there is a national notice about the forbidding of using"神马","PK"and "浮云" in the composition of Chinese Subject while attending the University Entrance Examination. Some linguists are wondering shall the orthodox language absorb all of them. Should the local legislation do anything about the protection of language and characters? How long will these emerging new words lively between people's lips? This article discusses the above questions by focusing on the historical development of the term "玉米", presenting the different attitudes of common people, linguists and the government, and analyzing some common social understanding of these terms.
文摘Color can not only help us express our feelings,but also enrich the language.There is difference between the west culture and the east culture in how to express with color.Language can embody its culture.While translating and speaking the color words,we should pay attention its special meaning in culture.
文摘This paper will introduce the background,purpose and significance of the paper.Then,this paper will elaborate Chinese-culture specific words in detail.After listing some inappropriate ways of translation,this paper puts forward some suggested methods by examples to meet the demands of people's daily communication.
文摘Word segmentation is an integral step in many knowledge discovery applications. However, existing word segmentation methods have problems when applying to Chinese judicial documents:(1) existing methods rely on large-scale labeled data which is typically unavailable in judicial documents, and (2) judicial document has its own language features and writing formats. In this paper, a word segmentation method is proposed for Chinese judicial documents. The proposed method consists of two steps:(1) automatically generating some labeled data as legal dictionaries, and (2) applying a hybrid multilayer neural networks to do word segmentation incorporating legal dictionaries. Experiments are conducted on a dataset of Chinese judicial documents showing that the proposed model can achieve better results than the existing methods.
文摘There are sorts of color words that are used in all aspects of social life, which reflect cultural differences between Chinese and the Western. Through the analysis and discussion of the color words, we have a better understanding of the Chinese and the Western culture.
文摘Chinese word segmentation is the basis of natural language processing. The dictionary mechanism significantly influences the efficiency of word segmentation and the understanding of the user’s intention which is implied in the user’s query. As the traditional dictionary mechanisms can't meet the present situation of personalized mobile search, this paper presents a new dictionary mechanism which contains the word classification information. This paper, furthermore, puts forward an approach for improving the traditional word bank structure, and proposes an improved FMM segmentation algorithm. The results show that the new dictionary mechanism has made a significant increase on the query efficiency and met the user’s individual requirements better.
文摘In Chinese and western culture,color words are both as many as the sands in the Ganges river and stars in the blue sky.And its meanings have something in common and also something that is different.To find out the same points and differentias and to avoid mistakes in intercommunication,the writer will analysis the meanings of some main color words and makes an explain for the differences from the aspect of culture between Chinese and western countries by the means of comparison and analysis.After the analysis,the writer discovers that the meanings of the colors are basically different except the purple,and which are deeply affected by their each culture.And the meanings of them would change in the situation of intercommunication.Therefore,we should use these words properly.