Commodities Boom and the Structure of Sino-Brazilian Trade: A Study of the Period 2000-2021

The present study aims to analyze the growing Sino-Brazilian trade relationship and how China has contributed to the commodity price boom in the recent period.Throughout the article,it was possible to identify that the export and import agenda between countries differs in terms of number of products and technological intensity,so that imported products are capital intensive,while exported products are predominantly commodities.The text is divided into two main sections,firstly addressing the literature review on the commodities boom and highlighting the“China effect”.The second section analyzes trade between the countries,so that the trade relationship has followed an increasing trajectory since 2003.As of 2009,China has become Brazil’s main trading partner,surpassing historical partners such as the United States and Argentina.

Research on the Impact of Low Carbon Economy on China’s Foreign Trade

Considering the growing prominence of global environmental issues,a low-carbon economy has emerged as a crucial direction for economic development across various countries.As the world’s second-largest economy,China has also witnessed the influence of a low-carbon economy on its international trade development.This article aims to commence with an exploration of the development background,meaning,and significance of a low-carbon economy.Subsequently,it delves into an in-depth analysis of the impact that a low-carbon economy has on China’s international trade.The article concludes by proposing pertinent countermeasures and suggestions.

Empirical Analysis on the Influencing Factors of China’s Total Foreign Trade

On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, China’s economic growth level has steadily risen and its international status has gradually improved. However, as the global economic downturn, China is facing tremendous challenges and pressures in the international economic and financial markets. The turbulence of foreign trade and international financial markets has put forward greater requirements for the flexibility of China’s financial strategy. Based on the annual data of China’s total foreign trade, exchange rate, commodity retail price index and the proportion of tertiary industry from 2002 to 2017, this paper constructs a multiple regression model to analyze the main influencing factors of China’s total foreign trade. The empirical results show that there is a positive relationship between the commodities retail price index and the total foreign trade, a negative relationship between the proportion of tertiary industry and the total foreign trade, and a positive relationship between the exchange rate of RMB (taking US dollar as an example) and the total foreign trade. On the basis of empirical analysis, the paper puts forward suggestions on relevant financial policies.

Deepening Retorm of Foreign Trade Structure to Expand Foreign Trade Delevlopment

To speed up the reform of the foreigntrade structure for meeting the needsof the international trade plan in ac-cordance with the demands of socialist marketeconomy is an important measure to realizethe intensive management of the nationaleconomy in Jiangsu Province during theNinth Five Year Plan from 1996 to 2000. In the period of the Eighth

Beijing's Foreign Trade——Readjusting the Structure for New Growth Points in Beijing's Foreign Trade

At a working conference, Vice Mayor Lu Yucheng presented a plan for Beijing’s 1997 work in foreign trade and economic cooperation. The general task is to carry out the strategy of great economy and trade, expand exports, use foreign funds reasonably and effectively, and conduct international economic and technical cooperation. The major target is to complete export volume of US$2.3 billion. Last year’s import and

Seven Decades of China’s Foreign Trade:Growth and Structural Improvement

Over the past seven decades since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,China has continuously increased its import and export volumes along with improving its trade structure,becoming a major trading nation and making progress toward a trading power.In the 13th Five-Year Plan period(2016-2020),China has experienced acceleration in its foreign trade structural adjustment under its opening-up strategy,and the function of foreign trade has shifted from being a driver for growth to being a way to balance development.China is expected to continue its trade growth momentum and structural improvement and strengthen its trade competitiveness.In achieving this vision,China should make efforts to increase structural equilibrium,create a favorable external trade environment,and pave the way for trade growth and sustainable development.

Structural Upgrade of China's Commodity Trade during 1987-2014

This paper investigates the structural upgrade of China's commodity trade over the past two decades from the perspectives of commodity categories, technical value-added and quality level. Based on the analysis of commodity categories, technical value-added and quality, this paper arrives at the following findings: High technology manufactures accounted for a growing share of China's commodity export, the overall technical level of Chinese exports significantly upgraded, and most of Chinese commodities upgraded from low quality to medium-and high-quality levels. As can be seen from the structure of China's bilateral trade with its five major trading partners, China's exporting goods remained inferior to importing goods in terms of technology and quality despite their quality upgrades.

ADJUSTMENT IN CHINA'S INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE AND ITS FOREIGN TRADE

Of its total export volume,the proportion of China’s new andhigh technology products and highvalue-added products is extremelylow. Its pure technological exportrate is only 2 percent of the total.Therefore,along with thetransformation of the mode ofgrowth of China’s nationaleconomy, a corresponding growthmode transformation should takeplace in its foreign trade sector,and it is necessary to achieve asignificant change in its importand export product mix.

THE WAY FOR STATE FOREIGN TRADE ENTERPRISES TO ADOPT STRUCTURAL REFORM

The Sichuan Provincial ChangjiangEnterprise Company, the former ofSichuan Provincial ChangjiangEnterprise (Group) Holdings Co.(SPCEGHC), is a comprehensive foreigntrade enterprise under the direct leadershipof the provincial government, mainly engagedin various kinds of foreign trade businessand as an agent for clients, involving deliveryof goods to foreign countries, the exchangeof technology, and the repair and leasing ofdomestic equipment. It was restructured tobecome an enterprise group in 1988, a"window" corporation on the province.

China’s Imports Technology Structure and Its Relationship with Trade Partners:1995-2011

This paper uses the latest data to analyze the historical patterns and the current situation of the technology structure of China＇ commodities imports, the structure of China＇s commodities imports from 19 countries and regions, and China＇s interdependent relationship with its trade partners on the basis of studying 230 kinds of manufactured products categorized by their technological intensity. The results show that during the period of 1995-2011, the share of low technology （low-tech） products and medium technology （medium-tech） products declined,＂ the share of primary products, resource- based products, and high technology （high-tech） products increased; high-tech products had taken the largest share, bypassing low-tech and medium-tech products, as early as 2000; different types of countries exported different kinds of commodities to China and had different positions in China＇s imports; China had relatively high interdependent relations with Japan, South Korea and China＇s Taiwan; China had relatively low interdependent relations with the United States, Germany, France and the Netherlands; China＇s import dependence on major developing countries and emerging developing countries was less than these countries＇ export dependence on China; China was the leading export destination for major developing countries and emerging developing countries. Generally speaking, the development of China＇s import trade is inclusive, and China shares its growth with other countries. It not only promotes developing countries＇exports but also enhances developed countries＇ exports.

跨境电商自建独立站的优劣势分析

过去20多年,我国跨境电商行业经历了从无到有、从弱到强的发展历程。跨境电商行业在我国外贸领域具有举足轻重的地位,已成为推动外贸增长的重要引擎,其发展状况充分体现了我国对外贸易的创新与活力。当前,我国跨境电商产业正在加速外贸创新发展进程,通过优化产业结构、拓展市场空间、提升运营效率等方式,不断推动我国外贸行业的整体发展。但由于第三方平台运营成本增加、头部效应越来越明显,且常出现罚款或封号等运营问题,因此独立站逐渐成为跨境电商发展的新趋势。独立站服务商在本土化运营方面具有优势,能够更好地满足卖家的品牌需求,提高市场竞争力。独立站的建设和运营门槛逐渐降低,成为卖家向品牌化转型的重要手段。

中国式现代化视角下中国铁矿石类大宗商品对外贸易定价权研究

改革开放以来中国经济发展迅速,逐渐步入工业化中后期阶段,对各类大宗商品的需求与日俱增。在国际市场,中国作为全球大宗商品重要的贸易国与消费国,缺乏对大宗商品定价权的影响力,受大宗商品国际价格波动影响较大,在国际大宗商品贸易中较为被动。基于国际铁矿石贸易市场的基本现状,以铁矿石为切入点,分析了当前中国在国际大宗商品的定价权,根据国内大宗商品进口贸易情况,探讨了在国际贸易中中国大宗商品定价权缺失的原因,并提出了相关对策建议。

智慧城市建设能否促进数实融合?——基于双重机器学习的因果推断

智慧城市试点是中国推进新型城镇化建设的重要政策之一,也是实现数实融合的重要手段。基于2010-2021年中国282个地级及以上城市数据,以智慧城市试点政策为准自然实验,运用双重机器学习模型实证分析智慧城市建设对城市数实融合的影响及其作用机制。研究表明:(1)智慧城市建设能够显著促进数实融合,该结论在样本缩尾、增加样本维度、调整样本等一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。(2)智慧城市建设通过促进产业结构升级、提升数字治理水平和扩大对外贸易,进而促进数实融合。(3)智慧城市建设在非资源城市、非老工业基地、中小城市、宽松环境规制地区表现出显著的数实融合正向效应。(4)智慧城市建设在促进数实融合方面具有空间协调效应,能够在全国、省份以及地区层面缩小数实融合的相对发展差距。研究结论为中国深化数实融合、加快推动区域经济协调发展提供理论支撑和政策启示。

金融服务实体经济效率测度及影响因素研究

本文利用2000—2022年全国31个省(市、自治区)的数据,运用Malmquist指数测度了我国金融服务实体经济的效率及变化情况,并进一步运用GMM估计方法分析了银行业垄断程度、直接融资比重、普惠金融发展水平、实体经济产业结构、劳动力素质和外贸出口水平对金融服务实体经济效率的影响作用及效果。结果表明,受技术进步驱动,2000—2022年间我国金融服务实体经济效率整体呈上升趋势;这一效率受银行业垄断程度、直接融资比重等上述因素影响,其中除银行业垄断程度对金融服务实体经济效率存在负向影响外,其他因素均为正向影响,且以上影响在东部、中部、西部和东北地区存在异质性。据此,本文提出持续深化区域性金融供给侧改革;扩大股权债券融资规模,提高直接融资比重;鼓励中小银行发展,促进银行业内良性竞争等建议。

新发展格局下人口结构变化对外贸依存度的影响机理研究

在加快构建新发展格局进程中,外贸依存度是一个关键变量,而人口结构的变化所导致的消费和生产变化,又是决定外贸依存度的最重要因素之一。研究建立了人口结构与外贸依存度的理论模型,选择42个国家1980—2022年的面板数据,并引入政府和家庭消费份额作为中介变量,实体部门杠杆率作为调节变量,研究人口结构影响外贸依存度的机理,结果发现:城镇化率、年龄抚养比、老龄化率、劳动力参与率、女性劳动力占比等人口结构,与外贸依存度之间存在显著的正向关系,在发达国家、高人均GDP国家更为显著;城镇化率通过消费份额影响外贸依存度,政府消费份额、家庭消费份额起部分中介效应的作用;政府、家庭和非金融企业部门杠杆率强化了城镇化率对外贸依存度的正向作用。

“双循环”新发展格局下湖南自贸试验区建设策略

2020年9月,湖南自贸试验区(以下简称自贸区)正式获批建立,构建“以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进”的“双循环”新发展格局的提出,为自贸区迎来了新的发展机遇。本文通过对湖南自贸试验区近年来贸易发展现状进行分析,对自贸区建设中存在的问题及原因进行剖析,结合当下“双循环”新发展格局为自贸试验区带来的发展机遇,从外贸结构、物流体系和资金人才保障等方面提出促进湖南自贸试验区建设发展的策略和建议。

对外贸易促进辽宁产业结构优化升级路径研究

低水平对外开放制约了辽宁产业结构优化升级,成为辽宁经济发展的短板。在经济全球化以及国内“双循环”新发展格局的背景下,通过对外贸易促进辽宁产业结构优化升级,实现创新驱动发展,是解决辽宁经济发展问题的重要路径。结合对外贸易对区域经济产业结构升级的作用机制,分析2000—2022年辽宁产业结构的现状及存在的问题,并从发挥对外贸易的贸易结构先导效应、资本积累效应、消费需求效应、技术创新效应及品牌效应5个方面,提出有针对性的对策建议。

自贸试验区建设对就业水平的影响——来自中国276个地级市的经验证据

本研究基于2004—2019年中国276个地级市数据,利用多期双重差分法探讨自贸试验区建设对就业水平的影响。研究结果显示:自贸试验区的设立显著提高了其所在城市的就业水平,相对于未设立自贸试验区的城市,该政策的推行使自贸试验区所在城市的就业水平平均增加约10.6%。从分区域结果来看,相比于沿海,内地自贸试验区对就业水平的提升作用更加显著;从分时间结果来看,第1批自贸试验区对就业的促进作用更突出,且随着自贸试验区设立时间的推移,其对城市就业水平的影响逐渐减弱。机制分析结果显示:自贸试验区的设立通过增加外资流入、促进产业结构高级化2个维度提高当地就业水平。

基于OFDI差异性投资动因的出口贸易结构效应

基于2003年~2014年中国与143个国家之间的对外直接投资（OFDI）、投资动因以及出口结构等指标数据,采用面板数据实证检验和比较顺、逆梯度下对外直接投资动因的差异,以及不同投资动因对出口贸易结构变化效应的大小。结果显示：投资动因方面,我国顺梯度OFDI表现为资源寻求型和市场导向型,逆梯度OFDI表现为技术获取型;差异性投资动因OFDI对出口贸易结构的影响效应不同,其中技术获取型OFDI对出口贸易结构优化升级的正向作用贡献最大,且这一影响效应在2008年全球金融危机之后有所强化。

近代中国进出口商品检验事业述论(1840-1949)

作为应运而生的时代产物,近代中国进出口商品检验经历了从无到有、从纷乱到规整的曲折发展历程。其中,晚清至北洋政府时期,我国既没有进出口商品检验的国家主权,也没有全国统一的商检事业;南京国民政府时期,我国进出口商品检验取得了一系列制度建设成果,初步起到了促进中国对外贸易、维护自身合法权益、促进生产水平提高等作用。但近代中国进出口商品检验受掣于先天不足、后发劣势等因素,一直未能形成稳定的大发展局面,其中的经验教训值得我们反思。