Until the early 1990s Croatia has been neglecting, and even underestimating the significance, the role, the needs, and the results of small businesses （small and medium entrepreneurship）. Complete attention was focu...Until the early 1990s Croatia has been neglecting, and even underestimating the significance, the role, the needs, and the results of small businesses （small and medium entrepreneurship）. Complete attention was focused on big companies. Relatively late, in 2002, small businesses, within the statutory legislation, have gotten its appropriate legal status and economic relevance. Today it is treated as a ＂basic necessity＂ of every society and a generator of economic development. But, economic crisis that has been present since 2008 has manifested all of its negativities, which has reflected on the present state of the economy, the whole society, and it is also shown from the results and some relevant indicators.展开更多
The European migrant crisis has been accentuated as the most momentous challenge that the European Union has faced since its establishment in 1993. The magnitude of this migration crisis is been amplified by political...The European migrant crisis has been accentuated as the most momentous challenge that the European Union has faced since its establishment in 1993. The magnitude of this migration crisis is been amplified by political instability in the Middle East, wars, limited economic opportunities, and climate change. Migration analysts have viewed this "polycrisis" from an optimistic and pessimist perspective. The paper however pursues that of optimism and explores how the integration of skilled political migrants can be integrated into shrinking Latvian communities with an agendum to transforming the economically stagnated rural communities into viable rural spaces. The researcher interviewed 91 immigrants from nine countries to gain an insight into perception of political migrants amongst other variables. Furthermore, inductive and deductive approaches were used in synthesizing pertinent information from official records and reports on the above subject matter. A core emphasis of the paper was that the shrinking population of Latvia will adversely impede its future economic development. Hence, the paper advocates a systematic integration of skilled political migrants into the Latvian rural economy as an agendum to accelerating rural development.展开更多
In the EU （European Union）, Cyprus＇s problems aren＇t new. Ten years later, the same debate is being held all over again, just from a different point of view. It is emblematic of this current financial crisis becau...In the EU （European Union）, Cyprus＇s problems aren＇t new. Ten years later, the same debate is being held all over again, just from a different point of view. It is emblematic of this current financial crisis because the banking system is much bigger than GDP （Gross Domestic Product）. Setting aside the sluggish economic performance, as well as the usual gap between northern and southern regions, people are uncomfortable with the EU. Getting the EU to finance a deficit is very tempting because it seems to be a politically and socially painless option, but can we count on the EU to devise such a smoothly running system？ Cyprus is interesting on many levels, from the debate concerning the limits of cohesion policy to the need of finding new solutions for the European periphery. It raises the question of whether a real fiscal and political union is possible, in light of the actual geoeconomic and geopolitical dynamics among the EU, Turkey, and Russia. The aim of this paper is to explore the possible mechanisms for an integration of Cyprus in order to go beyond fiscal burden sharing. It is an important starting point to paving the way to new policies and strategies for changing the objectives of economic convergence.展开更多
In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the diffusion of bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the European Union （EU） during the global financial and economic crisis. Realistic poi...In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the diffusion of bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the European Union （EU） during the global financial and economic crisis. Realistic point is important trends in the trade regime during the economic crisis. The decisions taken by the representatives of the governments participating in the World Trade Organisation （WTO） are, to a significant degree, influenced by various lobbies, such as organisations and unions of food producers or other non-governmental organisations, including trade unions, The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of the international trade policy during the world financial and economic crisis 2008-2010. The particular mains concern the political economy models of foreign trade policy, protectionistic pressures in different political system, the level of protectionistic pressures, food producer pressures, international trade liberalization, and environmental protection bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the EU and the respond of the EU to the economic crisis, it must be emphasized that on a theoretical level, understanding the choice of trade policies between liberalizm and protectionisme is very important. Despite the undeniable benefits of the multilateral WTO forum for trade liberalisation, the rapid increase of North-South bilateral and multilateral Free Trade Areas （FTAs） begs a systematic explanation for why some forums are prioritized relative to others.展开更多
This article presents the problem of the competitiveness of the economy in relation to foreign trade, with particular emphasis on the current crisis. The research results are presented here, relate to the exchange bet...This article presents the problem of the competitiveness of the economy in relation to foreign trade, with particular emphasis on the current crisis. The research results are presented here, relate to the exchange between Poland and the EU countries in the field of industrial goods during the time of the association and membership in this group. They show that Polish competitiveness is improving slowly, but the structure of our exports is still unfavorable, since it is dominated by products with a low degree of processing. However, recent years have seen some improvements as evidenced by the results from the period of recession. Researches were done by using the most popular indicates like revealed comparative advantage （RCA） and intra-industry trade （IIT）. Also the influence of some other factors, apart from the association, on the competitiveness of exports was discussed and the conclusions from the research were presented.展开更多
As the Eurozone celebrated its decade of existence in 2011, few could have predicted that the ever-deepening financial crisis would emerge. The fear with the Eurozone crisis is that with major bail outs projected and ...As the Eurozone celebrated its decade of existence in 2011, few could have predicted that the ever-deepening financial crisis would emerge. The fear with the Eurozone crisis is that with major bail outs projected and government austerity expects to affect the economy in negative terms, the economies in the Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, and Spain （PIIGS） states will decline and consumption will decrease. Being the largest trading partner of European Union （EU）, China＇s export is therefore anticipated to decline. In lesser ways, the Australian economy was also expected to feel some economic pain. The aim of this paper is to ascertain what level of economic impact the Eurozone crisis would have on both China and Australia, given that few nations in the world can aspire to remain unaffected.展开更多
The outbreak of the Ukraine crisis has accelerated the adjustment and power shifts of the European Union.Germany does not play the role model as it used to,its willingness and ability to make contributions have declin...The outbreak of the Ukraine crisis has accelerated the adjustment and power shifts of the European Union.Germany does not play the role model as it used to,its willingness and ability to make contributions have declined,and it has become a follower rather than a leader in the crisis response.The “Atlanticists” dominate the EU,and the “Europeanists” are weakened.Germany's all-round dependence on the United States has increased.France has lost traction on the EU,the German–French axis is absent,and the Central and Eastern European and Northern European countries are gaining momentum.Compared with other EU institutions and member states,the status and influence of the European Commission has been enhanced,leading the sanctions against Russia,participating more in the common security and defense policy,and contributing to the geo-politicization of EU economic policies.These changes will increase internal disputes within the EU,weaken the EU's international status and influence,and reduce the stability and predictability of the EU's China policy.展开更多
The Ukraine crisis,which broke out in early 2022,is the most significant geopolitical event to affect Europe since the end of the Cold War.It will have a great impact on the development prospects of the European Union...The Ukraine crisis,which broke out in early 2022,is the most significant geopolitical event to affect Europe since the end of the Cold War.It will have a great impact on the development prospects of the European Union(EU),including significantly altering the EU’s economic development and operation logics,with a more serious longterm impact than the previous debt crisis.The conflict has interrupted the EU strategic autonomy process and made its prospects even bleak.It has given new impetus to integration and,at the same time,has strengthened the negative factors impeding integration within the EU.The Ukraine crisis will further weaken the strength and international influence of the EU and accelerate the marginalization of the EU on the global geopolitical landscape;it may also kill its geopolitical aspiration of becoming a pole in the world’s balance of power.This is not conducive to a multipolar world order or the containment of hegemonism and power politics.However,these outcomes are not inevitable.If the lessons of the Ukraine crisis are properly reflected,and the EU is united,more open toward,and more inclusive with the world,it may have a brighter future.展开更多
文摘Until the early 1990s Croatia has been neglecting, and even underestimating the significance, the role, the needs, and the results of small businesses （small and medium entrepreneurship）. Complete attention was focused on big companies. Relatively late, in 2002, small businesses, within the statutory legislation, have gotten its appropriate legal status and economic relevance. Today it is treated as a ＂basic necessity＂ of every society and a generator of economic development. But, economic crisis that has been present since 2008 has manifested all of its negativities, which has reflected on the present state of the economy, the whole society, and it is also shown from the results and some relevant indicators.
文摘The European migrant crisis has been accentuated as the most momentous challenge that the European Union has faced since its establishment in 1993. The magnitude of this migration crisis is been amplified by political instability in the Middle East, wars, limited economic opportunities, and climate change. Migration analysts have viewed this "polycrisis" from an optimistic and pessimist perspective. The paper however pursues that of optimism and explores how the integration of skilled political migrants can be integrated into shrinking Latvian communities with an agendum to transforming the economically stagnated rural communities into viable rural spaces. The researcher interviewed 91 immigrants from nine countries to gain an insight into perception of political migrants amongst other variables. Furthermore, inductive and deductive approaches were used in synthesizing pertinent information from official records and reports on the above subject matter. A core emphasis of the paper was that the shrinking population of Latvia will adversely impede its future economic development. Hence, the paper advocates a systematic integration of skilled political migrants into the Latvian rural economy as an agendum to accelerating rural development.
文摘In the EU （European Union）, Cyprus＇s problems aren＇t new. Ten years later, the same debate is being held all over again, just from a different point of view. It is emblematic of this current financial crisis because the banking system is much bigger than GDP （Gross Domestic Product）. Setting aside the sluggish economic performance, as well as the usual gap between northern and southern regions, people are uncomfortable with the EU. Getting the EU to finance a deficit is very tempting because it seems to be a politically and socially painless option, but can we count on the EU to devise such a smoothly running system？ Cyprus is interesting on many levels, from the debate concerning the limits of cohesion policy to the need of finding new solutions for the European periphery. It raises the question of whether a real fiscal and political union is possible, in light of the actual geoeconomic and geopolitical dynamics among the EU, Turkey, and Russia. The aim of this paper is to explore the possible mechanisms for an integration of Cyprus in order to go beyond fiscal burden sharing. It is an important starting point to paving the way to new policies and strategies for changing the objectives of economic convergence.
文摘In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the diffusion of bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the European Union （EU） during the global financial and economic crisis. Realistic point is important trends in the trade regime during the economic crisis. The decisions taken by the representatives of the governments participating in the World Trade Organisation （WTO） are, to a significant degree, influenced by various lobbies, such as organisations and unions of food producers or other non-governmental organisations, including trade unions, The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of the international trade policy during the world financial and economic crisis 2008-2010. The particular mains concern the political economy models of foreign trade policy, protectionistic pressures in different political system, the level of protectionistic pressures, food producer pressures, international trade liberalization, and environmental protection bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the EU and the respond of the EU to the economic crisis, it must be emphasized that on a theoretical level, understanding the choice of trade policies between liberalizm and protectionisme is very important. Despite the undeniable benefits of the multilateral WTO forum for trade liberalisation, the rapid increase of North-South bilateral and multilateral Free Trade Areas （FTAs） begs a systematic explanation for why some forums are prioritized relative to others.
文摘This article presents the problem of the competitiveness of the economy in relation to foreign trade, with particular emphasis on the current crisis. The research results are presented here, relate to the exchange between Poland and the EU countries in the field of industrial goods during the time of the association and membership in this group. They show that Polish competitiveness is improving slowly, but the structure of our exports is still unfavorable, since it is dominated by products with a low degree of processing. However, recent years have seen some improvements as evidenced by the results from the period of recession. Researches were done by using the most popular indicates like revealed comparative advantage （RCA） and intra-industry trade （IIT）. Also the influence of some other factors, apart from the association, on the competitiveness of exports was discussed and the conclusions from the research were presented.
文摘As the Eurozone celebrated its decade of existence in 2011, few could have predicted that the ever-deepening financial crisis would emerge. The fear with the Eurozone crisis is that with major bail outs projected and government austerity expects to affect the economy in negative terms, the economies in the Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, and Spain （PIIGS） states will decline and consumption will decrease. Being the largest trading partner of European Union （EU）, China＇s export is therefore anticipated to decline. In lesser ways, the Australian economy was also expected to feel some economic pain. The aim of this paper is to ascertain what level of economic impact the Eurozone crisis would have on both China and Australia, given that few nations in the world can aspire to remain unaffected.
文摘The outbreak of the Ukraine crisis has accelerated the adjustment and power shifts of the European Union.Germany does not play the role model as it used to,its willingness and ability to make contributions have declined,and it has become a follower rather than a leader in the crisis response.The “Atlanticists” dominate the EU,and the “Europeanists” are weakened.Germany's all-round dependence on the United States has increased.France has lost traction on the EU,the German–French axis is absent,and the Central and Eastern European and Northern European countries are gaining momentum.Compared with other EU institutions and member states,the status and influence of the European Commission has been enhanced,leading the sanctions against Russia,participating more in the common security and defense policy,and contributing to the geo-politicization of EU economic policies.These changes will increase internal disputes within the EU,weaken the EU's international status and influence,and reduce the stability and predictability of the EU's China policy.
文摘The Ukraine crisis,which broke out in early 2022,is the most significant geopolitical event to affect Europe since the end of the Cold War.It will have a great impact on the development prospects of the European Union(EU),including significantly altering the EU’s economic development and operation logics,with a more serious longterm impact than the previous debt crisis.The conflict has interrupted the EU strategic autonomy process and made its prospects even bleak.It has given new impetus to integration and,at the same time,has strengthened the negative factors impeding integration within the EU.The Ukraine crisis will further weaken the strength and international influence of the EU and accelerate the marginalization of the EU on the global geopolitical landscape;it may also kill its geopolitical aspiration of becoming a pole in the world’s balance of power.This is not conducive to a multipolar world order or the containment of hegemonism and power politics.However,these outcomes are not inevitable.If the lessons of the Ukraine crisis are properly reflected,and the EU is united,more open toward,and more inclusive with the world,it may have a brighter future.
