The longitudinal wave term within Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law) underwent recovery to ensure its suitability for theoretical derivation of the equation governing longitudinal electromagn...The longitudinal wave term within Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law) underwent recovery to ensure its suitability for theoretical derivation of the equation governing longitudinal electromagnetic (LEM) waves. The revised Maxwell’s equations include the crucial parameters being the attenuation time constants of magnetic vortex potential and electric vortex potential generated by external electromagnetic field within the propagation medium. Specific expressions for them are obtained through theoretical analysis. Subsequently, a model for propagating magnetic P-wave generated by the superposition of a left-handed photo and a right-handed photon in a vacuum is formulated based on reevaluated total current law and revised Faraday’s law, covering wave equations, energy equation, as well as propagation mode involving mutual induction and conversion between scalar magnetic field and vortex electric field. Furthermore, through theoretical derivations centered around magnetic P-wave, evidence was presented regarding its ability to absorb huge free energy through the entangled interaction between zero-point vacuum energy field and the torsion field produced by the vortex electric field.展开更多
Drawing upon the electromagnetic conversion formulas in a continuous conductive medium,an extensive examination for total current law and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction(Faraday’s law)is undertaken to exp...Drawing upon the electromagnetic conversion formulas in a continuous conductive medium,an extensive examination for total current law and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction(Faraday’s law)is undertaken to expound on the laws of electromagnetic induction and conversion.The longitudinal wave term of Faraday’s law is reinstated to render it suitable for theoretical derivation of the LEM(Longitudinal Electromagnetic Wave)equation.Subsequently,we formulate the wave and energy equations for electric P-wave based on reevaluated total current law and modified Faraday’s law;meanwhile proposing a propagation mode that reveals its mechanisms absorbing free energy for LEM waves in a conductor predicated on interaction between scalar electric field and vortex magnetic field.Furthermore,through theoretical derivations based on LEM waves,insights into concealed relationships between electric P-wave and electromagnetism scalar potential are disclosed alongside the constraint equation between the wave velocities of LEM wave and TEM(Transverse Electromagnetic)waves,unveiling the significance of LEM wave.展开更多
A numerical model is developed to study the conductivity effects during the transition from collisionless to collisional regimes in cylindrical inductively coupled argon plasmas at pressures of 0.1-20 Pa.The model con...A numerical model is developed to study the conductivity effects during the transition from collisionless to collisional regimes in cylindrical inductively coupled argon plasmas at pressures of 0.1-20 Pa.The model consists of electron kinetics module,electromagnetics module,and global model module.It allows for self-consistent description of non-local electron kinetics and collisionless electron heating in terms of the conductivity of homogeneous hot plasma.Simulation results for non-local conductivity case are compared with predictions for the assumption of local conductivity case.Electron densities and effective electron temperatures under non-local and local conductivities show obvious differences at relatively low pressures.As increasing pressure,the results under the two cases of conductivities tend to converge,which indicates the transition from collisionless to collisional regimes.At relatively low pressures the local negative power absorption is predicted by non-local conductivity case but not captured by local conductivity case.The two-dimensional(2D)profiles of electron current density and electric field are coincident for local conductivity case in the pressure range of interest,but it roughly holds true for non-local conductivity case at very high pressure.In addition,an effective conductivity with consideration of non-collisional stochastic heating effect is introduced.The effective conductivity almost reproduces the electron density and effective electron temperature for the non-local conductivity case,but does not capture the non-local relation between electron current and electric field as well as the local negative power absorption that is observed for nonlocal conductivity case at low pressures.展开更多
An accelerating charged particle exerts a force upon itself. If we model the particle as a spherical shell of radius R, and calculate the force of one piece of this shell on another and eventually integrate over the w...An accelerating charged particle exerts a force upon itself. If we model the particle as a spherical shell of radius R, and calculate the force of one piece of this shell on another and eventually integrate over the whole particle, there will be a net force on the particle due to the breakdown of Newton’s third law. This symmetry breaking mechanism relies on the finite size of the particle;thus, as Feynman has stated, conceptually this mechanism doesn’t make good sense for point particles. Nonetheless, in the point particle limit, two terms survive in the self-force series: R0 and R-1 terms. The R0 term can alternatively be attributed to the well-known radiation reaction but the origin of R-1 term is not clear. In this study, we will show that this new term can be accounted for by an inductive mechanism in which the changing magnetic field induces an inductive force on the particle. Using this inductive mechanism, we derive R-1 term in an extremely easy way.展开更多
The effectiveness of eliminating the noises in short-period data of geomagnetic intensity recorded in a little seismo-geomagnetic array by using numerical multichannel predictive filtering has been studied. The result...The effectiveness of eliminating the noises in short-period data of geomagnetic intensity recorded in a little seismo-geomagnetic array by using numerical multichannel predictive filtering has been studied. The result shows that this technique is effective to fit external magnetic disturbance to inner electromagnetic induced difference field and reduce the noise level of difference data successfully. The filter quality factor Q of two examples in this work are 0. 86 and 0.68 respectively. The spectral analysis shows that during geomagnetic-calm days the fourfold-frequency harmonics of S q in difference data are main components. The length of the optimum filter depends on not only the frequency of predicable energy in difference data but also maybe the phase difference between input and expected output data. It is difficult to obtain the filter fitting both the data during magnetic-disturbed days and calm days. The result shows that the conductivity in Yanqing-Huailai basin west to Beijing may be much non-uniform.展开更多
长初级双边型直线感应电动机(double-sided linear induction motor,DSLIM)的运行方式和边界条件与短初级DSLIM不同,因而纵向边端效应对电机性能的影响存在较大差异。依据电磁场理论对长初级DSLIM的动态纵向边端效应进行分析,导出了电...长初级双边型直线感应电动机(double-sided linear induction motor,DSLIM)的运行方式和边界条件与短初级DSLIM不同,因而纵向边端效应对电机性能的影响存在较大差异。依据电磁场理论对长初级DSLIM的动态纵向边端效应进行分析,导出了电机的等效电路模型及其修正系数,结果表明该类型电机在高速运行时纵向边端效应并不明显,通过选择合适的次级极数和工作转差率,长初级DSLIM的纵向边端效应将远小于短初级DSLIM。利用MAXWELL3D软件构建了电机的三维有限元分析模型,得到了电机的气隙磁场分布和电磁推力曲线。设计实验用原型样机进行了实验,验证了等效电路模型的有效性和实用性。展开更多
文摘The longitudinal wave term within Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law) underwent recovery to ensure its suitability for theoretical derivation of the equation governing longitudinal electromagnetic (LEM) waves. The revised Maxwell’s equations include the crucial parameters being the attenuation time constants of magnetic vortex potential and electric vortex potential generated by external electromagnetic field within the propagation medium. Specific expressions for them are obtained through theoretical analysis. Subsequently, a model for propagating magnetic P-wave generated by the superposition of a left-handed photo and a right-handed photon in a vacuum is formulated based on reevaluated total current law and revised Faraday’s law, covering wave equations, energy equation, as well as propagation mode involving mutual induction and conversion between scalar magnetic field and vortex electric field. Furthermore, through theoretical derivations centered around magnetic P-wave, evidence was presented regarding its ability to absorb huge free energy through the entangled interaction between zero-point vacuum energy field and the torsion field produced by the vortex electric field.
文摘Drawing upon the electromagnetic conversion formulas in a continuous conductive medium,an extensive examination for total current law and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction(Faraday’s law)is undertaken to expound on the laws of electromagnetic induction and conversion.The longitudinal wave term of Faraday’s law is reinstated to render it suitable for theoretical derivation of the LEM(Longitudinal Electromagnetic Wave)equation.Subsequently,we formulate the wave and energy equations for electric P-wave based on reevaluated total current law and modified Faraday’s law;meanwhile proposing a propagation mode that reveals its mechanisms absorbing free energy for LEM waves in a conductor predicated on interaction between scalar electric field and vortex magnetic field.Furthermore,through theoretical derivations based on LEM waves,insights into concealed relationships between electric P-wave and electromagnetism scalar potential are disclosed alongside the constraint equation between the wave velocities of LEM wave and TEM(Transverse Electromagnetic)waves,unveiling the significance of LEM wave.
基金sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12105041,11935005 and 12035003)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2232020D-40)Shanghai Sailing Program(No.20YF1401300)。
文摘A numerical model is developed to study the conductivity effects during the transition from collisionless to collisional regimes in cylindrical inductively coupled argon plasmas at pressures of 0.1-20 Pa.The model consists of electron kinetics module,electromagnetics module,and global model module.It allows for self-consistent description of non-local electron kinetics and collisionless electron heating in terms of the conductivity of homogeneous hot plasma.Simulation results for non-local conductivity case are compared with predictions for the assumption of local conductivity case.Electron densities and effective electron temperatures under non-local and local conductivities show obvious differences at relatively low pressures.As increasing pressure,the results under the two cases of conductivities tend to converge,which indicates the transition from collisionless to collisional regimes.At relatively low pressures the local negative power absorption is predicted by non-local conductivity case but not captured by local conductivity case.The two-dimensional(2D)profiles of electron current density and electric field are coincident for local conductivity case in the pressure range of interest,but it roughly holds true for non-local conductivity case at very high pressure.In addition,an effective conductivity with consideration of non-collisional stochastic heating effect is introduced.The effective conductivity almost reproduces the electron density and effective electron temperature for the non-local conductivity case,but does not capture the non-local relation between electron current and electric field as well as the local negative power absorption that is observed for nonlocal conductivity case at low pressures.
文摘An accelerating charged particle exerts a force upon itself. If we model the particle as a spherical shell of radius R, and calculate the force of one piece of this shell on another and eventually integrate over the whole particle, there will be a net force on the particle due to the breakdown of Newton’s third law. This symmetry breaking mechanism relies on the finite size of the particle;thus, as Feynman has stated, conceptually this mechanism doesn’t make good sense for point particles. Nonetheless, in the point particle limit, two terms survive in the self-force series: R0 and R-1 terms. The R0 term can alternatively be attributed to the well-known radiation reaction but the origin of R-1 term is not clear. In this study, we will show that this new term can be accounted for by an inductive mechanism in which the changing magnetic field induces an inductive force on the particle. Using this inductive mechanism, we derive R-1 term in an extremely easy way.
文摘The effectiveness of eliminating the noises in short-period data of geomagnetic intensity recorded in a little seismo-geomagnetic array by using numerical multichannel predictive filtering has been studied. The result shows that this technique is effective to fit external magnetic disturbance to inner electromagnetic induced difference field and reduce the noise level of difference data successfully. The filter quality factor Q of two examples in this work are 0. 86 and 0.68 respectively. The spectral analysis shows that during geomagnetic-calm days the fourfold-frequency harmonics of S q in difference data are main components. The length of the optimum filter depends on not only the frequency of predicable energy in difference data but also maybe the phase difference between input and expected output data. It is difficult to obtain the filter fitting both the data during magnetic-disturbed days and calm days. The result shows that the conductivity in Yanqing-Huailai basin west to Beijing may be much non-uniform.
文摘长初级双边型直线感应电动机(double-sided linear induction motor,DSLIM)的运行方式和边界条件与短初级DSLIM不同,因而纵向边端效应对电机性能的影响存在较大差异。依据电磁场理论对长初级DSLIM的动态纵向边端效应进行分析,导出了电机的等效电路模型及其修正系数,结果表明该类型电机在高速运行时纵向边端效应并不明显,通过选择合适的次级极数和工作转差率,长初级DSLIM的纵向边端效应将远小于短初级DSLIM。利用MAXWELL3D软件构建了电机的三维有限元分析模型,得到了电机的气隙磁场分布和电磁推力曲线。设计实验用原型样机进行了实验,验证了等效电路模型的有效性和实用性。
