Low Doses of Ionized Radiation and Hypomagnetic Field Alter Redox Properties of Water and Physiological Characteristics of Seeds of the Highest Plants

The influence of a 40-fold attenuated geomagnetic field and its combined action with low doses of α- and γ-irradiation on the physiological characteristics of seeds of the highest plants and redox properties of water was investigated. It established the reduction of seed germination both under direct and indirect effects due to water action of attenuated geomagnetic field. A negative effect of hypomagnetic field on grown characteristics of seeds under indirect effect via water was decreased by the low doses of γ-irradiation, and was increased by low doses of α-irradiation, i.e. ionized radiation was the dominant factor in their combined action. It was revealed the increasing of the value of the oxidation-reduction potential of water under the influence of low-intensive α-ir-radiation (239Pu), γ-irradiation (137Cs) and also that the magnetic induction attenuated pointing to a natural decline. The increasing of the oxidation-reduction potential value testifies about “the regular decreasing of internal energy of water molecules” and the increasing of its oxidative properties, which, in our opinion, is caused the inhibition of the germination of seeds. It is supposed that namely water is the main component in the effects of studying factors on bio-objects, which acts due to the alterations of the properties and structural content of water.

Impact assessment of climate change and human activities on annual highest water level of Taihu Lake

The annual highest water level of Taihu Lake （Zm） is very significant for flood management in the Taihu Basin. This paper first describes the inter-annual and intra-annual traits of Zm from 1956 to 2000. Then, using the Mann-Kenall （MK） and Spearman （SP） nonparametric tests, the long-term change trends of area precipitation and pan evaporation in the Taihu Basin are determined. Meanwhile, using the Morlet wavelet transformation, the fluctuation patterns and change points of precipitation and pan evaporation are analyzed. Also, human activities in the Taihu Basin are described, including land use change and hydraulic project construction. Finally, the relationship between Zm, the water level of Taihu Lake 30 days prior to the day of Zm （Z0）, and the 30-day total precipitation and pan evaporation prior to the day of Zm （P and E0, respectively） is described based on multi-linear regression equations. The relative influence of climate change and human activities on the change of Zm is quantitatively ascertained. The results demonstrate that： （1） Zm was distinctly higher during the 1980-2000 period than during the 1956-1979 period, and the 30 days prior to the day of Zm are the key phase influencing Zm every year; （2） P increased significantly at a confidence level of 95% during the 1956-2000 period, while the reverse was true for E0; （3） The relationship between Zm, P and E0 distinctly changed after 1980; （4） Climate change and human activities together caused frequent occurrences of high Zm after 1980; （5） Climate change caused a substantially greater Zm difference between the 1956-1979 and 1980-2000 periods than human activities. Climate change, as represented by P and E0, was the dominant factor raising Zm, with a relative influence ratio of 83.6%, while human activities had a smaller influence ratio of 16.4%.

Scrutiny of Microorganisms in Fermented Milk Beverage and Water from Dairy under State Inspection

The aim of the study was to examine microorganisms in samples of fermented milk beverage and water from dairy under state inspection. In a dairy located in the Recôncavo of Bahia, fifteen samples of fermented milk beverage were collected, corresponding to three different batches, and six water samples, two from each point of use in the industry: Point 1—Sanitary barrier;Point 2—Internal faucet for cleaning surfaces and utensils;Point 3—Drinking fountain for employees. All samples were submitted to microbiological research of total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Aeromonas spp. In the water samples, there was also quantification of heterotrophic bacteria and analysis of free residual chlorine. The fermented milk beverage samples did not show growth of total coliforms, E. coli and Aeromonas spp. With regard to water, no sample showed measurable levels of free residual chlorine, while in the microbiological analysis the count of heterotrophic bacteria in the drinking water exceeded the limit established by legislation (5.6 × 102 CFU.mL-1). In addition, the water from the sanitary barrier revealed total coliforms above the allowed value (1.3 × 101 CFU.100 mL-1) and showed contamination by Aeromonas spp. (7.0 × 101 CFU.mL-1). Thus, it can be inferred that, although the fermented milk beverage did not present the investigated microorganisms, the water used by the industry showed microbial contamination, and due to its participation in the entire production process, water quality control is extremely important to prevent contamination of the food handler and the final product, preventing the spread of diseases and harm to public health.

Agriculture and Water Sources Protection Zones in the Czech Republic

The area of interest is located in the South Moravia Region at the confluence of the Jihlava, Oslava and Rokytn^i rivers. Ivan^ice spring area comprises a series of hydrologic boreholes, it is the main water source for water supply of Ivan^ice and Rosice towns and provides water for 30,000 inhabitants. The risk analysis was created on the basis of water quality monitoring, hydrogeological assessment and terrain exploration and a revision of protection zones was proposed. The spring area is situated in nitrate vulnerable zones and recently nitrate concentrations have been decreasing. Water quality evaluation results： high concentration of manganese and iron, sometimes higher concentration of ammonium and COD. This area is intensively used for agriculture and it is necessary to make a compromise solution during protection zones proposal, The regime in protection zones can not affect manganese and iron concentration （their origin is in the natural geological environment）. Therefore, water treatment plant is in operation and its modernization is proposed. Furthermore, the paper deals with spring area intensification construction of a new hydrologic borehole, and managed and unmanaged infiltration of surface water. The proposal of protection zones revision consists of reduction to a 2nd level protection zone.

Brazilian’s Legal Framework and Water Regulation

The legal framework of water regulation can assume different characteristics according to each country’s reality.The preservation and conservation of water and ecosystems depend on rules configuration in the Constitution and legal prescriptions.This manuscript presents the Brazilian legal framework and water regulation.The analysis confirms that in the Brazilian system water is regulated as environmental resource and environmental good.From a descriptive methodology,the article explains how the Brazilian legal system works.The article also remarks on the regulation of multiple uses of water,approaching the legal regulation among industrial,agricultural,and human consumption of water.The aim of the paper is to explain normative regulation of water in Brazil,including the court’s activities in cases of discharges of sewage directly into the rivers.

“善、至善、伪善”:康德道德哲学的三个环节

康德的道德哲学真的是“空洞的形式主义”吗?哲学界之所以有如此批判,是因为康德的道德哲学从一开始就被狭义地理解为德性论,即关于善及其先验根据的理论体系,而不是被广义地理解为由包括德性论、正义论和根本恶论三个环节构成的道德哲学整体。康德道德哲学的这三个环节是围绕德与福的二律背反关系展开的:德性论的“善”作为纯粹实践理性的对象,可视为康德道德哲学的起点;正义论在“至善”的框架内对人的正义和上帝的正义进行了探讨,它为道德法则在现实中的贯彻落实提供了外部保障;根本恶论一方面通过对“伪善”或“德行假象”的揭示,以及试图对人的善的禀赋的重建,为德性论的纯粹化起到进一步的推动作用,另一方面则通过所谓的“伦理共同体”为道德法则的践行提供了一种辅助手段。

理性信仰如何可能?——论康德对“泛神论之争”的回应

通过对“泛神论之争”的回应,康德批判了雅各比和魏岑曼在信仰上的狂热主张和门德尔松的独断的常识信仰主张,并进一步说明了理性何以作为信仰的权威。虽然有限的理性存在者没有关于上帝的知识,但不能自身局限性而否认上帝的实在性;虽然一个道德的上帝理念是由实践理性悬设而来,目的在于满足实践理性的主观实践意图,但这一理念却具有普遍有效性。出于对人的神圣性的彰显以及对实践荒谬困境的避免,悬设作为至善的上帝是实践理性的必然要求。

Beyond the SDG 15.3.1 Good Practice Guidance 1.0 using the Google Earth Engine platform: developing a self-adjusting algorithm to detect significant changes in water use efficiency and net primary production

Monitoring changes in Annual Net Primary Productivity(ANPP)is required for reporting on UN Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)Indicator 15.3.1:the proportion of land that is degraded over the total land area.Calibrating time-series observations of ANPP to derive Water Use Efficiency(WUE;a measure of ANPP per unit of evapotranspiration)can minimize the influence of climate factors on ANPP observations and highlight the influence of non-climatic drivers of degradation such as land use changes.Comparing the ANPP and WUE time series may be useful for identifying the primary drivers of land degradation,which could be used to support the Land Degradation Neutrality objectives of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification(UNCCD).This paper presents an algorithm for the Google Earth Engine(freely and openly available upon request-http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4429773)to calculate and compare ANPP and WUE time series for Santa Cruz,Bolivia,which has recently experienced an intensification in its land use.This code builds on the Good Practice Guidance document(ver-sion 1)for monitoring SDG Indicator 15.3.1.We use the MODIS 16-day average,250 m resolution to demonstrate that the Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI)responds faster to changes in water avail-ability than the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI).We also consider the relationships between ANPP and WUE.Significant and concordant trends may highlight good agricultural practices or increased resilience in ecosystem structure and productivity when they are positive or reducing resilience and functional integrity if negative.The sign and significance of the correlation between ANPP and WUE may also diverge over time.With further analysis,it may be possible to interpret this relationship in terms of the drivers of change in plant productivity and ecosystem resilience.

港口危险货物集装箱堆场应急事故废水量计算方法研究

在港口危险货物集装箱堆场项目环境影响评价、环境风险应急预案和环保工程设计中,存在估算应急事故废水发生量与环境应急收集池有效容积不一致问题。通过参考GBT 50483—2019《化工建设项目环境保护设计标准》等相关研究成果,结合港口危险货物集装箱堆场工程特点和环境风险特征,构建了港口危险货物集装箱堆场的应急事故废水发生量计算方法,建立了计算公式并明确相关计算指标和参数取值,进行了工程案例分析。该计算方法为港口危险货物集装箱堆场的应急事故废水发生量估算提供了一种解决方案,为应急事故废水收集池容积设计提供重要技术参数,对有效控制应急事故废水对周边水环境和土壤环境污染风险具有重要意义。

危险货物滚装码头消防及给排水设计研究

针对危险货物滚装码头的消防、给排水设计相关技术规范不健全问题,根据危险货物滚装码头装卸作业特点,结合作业货种危险特性和码头项目实例,给出了消防设计、给排水设计规范建议,可为危险货物滚装码头的消防设计、给排水设计提供参考。

基于公共物品和协同治理的农村水污染对策设计

水作为人类赖以生存的重要资源之一,在社会发展中人们却忽略了水资源的保护。为解决农村水污染治理难题,研究对贵州省遵义市农村水污染现状进行探讨,并指出现存治理措施中的问题。以公共物品理论与协同治理理论作为指导思想,研究从治理能力、治理机制、治理格局三个方面给出农村水污染对策建议。结果显示,水系中的主要污染物质含量降低,超过90%的水系样本污染得到了改善。研究对水资源管理、生态保护以及可持续发展的推进具有重要意义。

人类活动影响下海南岛万泉河下游年最高水位阶段性演变研究

为探明近年来海南岛万泉河下游年最高水位的演变趋势与演变机制,基于加积站1980—2020年最高水位序列,结合该站流量与河床断面地形等资料,梳理年最高水位的演变趋势,并进一步辨识人类活动在其中产生的影响。结果表明:万泉河下游年最高水位的演变可分为平稳波动期(1980—2002年)和快速下降期(2003—2020年)两个阶段,进入快速下降期后年最高水位下降约1.81m,降幅达23%。水库建设等人类活动是万泉河年最高水位阶段性显著下降的主要驱动力,其中,水库削减洪峰对年最高水位产生的影响约占41%,而水库拦沙引起河床下切带来的影响占比达51%。

水冷降温法在贵金属焊接上的应用

由于黄金和白银等贵金属导电性能好,导致使用常规无缝焊接机焊接金银制品时变压器和焊接电极发热量巨大。常用的焊接设备没有辅助降温的配套设施,一般通过自然降温的方式散热。为避免操作危险,常规的无缝焊接机焊接生产8到10件金银制品后就需要停机,依靠自然冷却或者压缩空气冷却的方式进行辅助降温。待设备降温至工作温度后,才能继续进行焊接。现通过借鉴汽车发动机水冷散热原理,采用增加循环水与风冷降温系统的方式,将短路焊接时电流释放的巨量热量,由冷却系统转移释放至空气中,减少焊接系统中的热量集聚。改进后的焊接机可以不间断的进行金银制品的焊接,显著提升了工作效率。

灌区骨干渠道节水配水优化研究

水资源短缺是实现经济快速发展必须面对的问题。为了协调好各个支渠配水流量,减少整个渠系的输水量损失,针对贵州省金沙县花滩河片区的灌区内的实际状况,优化灌区骨干渠道的用水配水量。结果表明,夏秋灌刚开始4月上旬的配水量和实际需水量均不足10万m^(3),配水量为7.5万m^(3),大于2.4万3 m实际需水量。4月中旬配水量最高,达到60万m^(3),实际需水量为58万m^(3),可以满足需求。在完成配水优化之后,上游段支渠的配水量几乎高于支渠实际的需水量。1、2、3号的支渠配水量和支渠实际需水量相关性得到了显著提升,拟合系数分别提升了0.87、0.83、0.58。配水优化后取得了显著成效,大大提高了预测的准确性,优化技术的广泛应用对提高水资源利用效率有积极作用。

基于三维VOF方法研究上室体型对调压室涌浪的影响

为了探究上室体型对调压室内最高涌浪的影响,基于三维VOF方法,对某水电站机组甩全负荷工况下调压室内的涌浪过程进行数值模拟,验证了数值模拟方法的可靠性.研究结果表明:在地形结构等条件允许的情况下,上室断面积越大,调压室内最高涌浪越低.相同断面积的上室,调压室内最高涌浪随长宽比增大而升高,但涨幅不大.当长宽比L/B=8.6时,最高涌浪降低0.07m.本文研究结果为调压室内涌浪过程优化提供依据.

传统文化与新时代对话:教师品格内涵及其培育

教师承担传承与创新文化的社会责任,肩负着立德树人的时代重任。在建设教育强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程中,明确教育家精神、为教师提供精神源泉显得尤为迫切。新时代教育家精神根植于中国传统文化,广大教师应树立以文化人的弘道追求,涵养上善若水的教师品格。从育人、治学、处世三个方面阐释上善若水的教师品格,认为:育人当利万物,能理解并包容学生的秉性,用自身的德行学识引领和培育德才兼备的学生;治学当处众人之所恶,能够攻坚克难,做顶天立地、服务社会的真研究;处世不争,心善渊,在育人与治学中实现个人价值追求。培育上善若水精神品格,有助于推进新时代的“大先生”潮流,建成高质量的教师队伍。

收获前断水天数对优良食味水稻稻米品质的影响

以优良食味水稻品种南粳2728为试验材料,于2019年和2020年通过大田小区试验研究了水稻收获前不同断水天数对稻米品质的影响,设置离收获前27 d(W1)、22 d(W2)、17 d(W3)、12 d(W4)和7 d(W5)断水5个处理。结果表明:提早断水显著降低了水稻收获时稻田土壤、水稻籽粒和植株含水率;提早断水显著降低了水稻产量,其原因是水稻每穗粒数、结实率和千粒质量均明显降低。W4和W5处理水稻产量均较高,且两者差异不大;W4和W5处理同时提高了稻谷整精米率、精米率、糙米率等加工品质。断水天数对米粒大小的影响不大,但适当推迟断水有利于减少稻米垩白。W4处理稻米直链淀粉含量及蛋白质含量均最低,而胶稠度最长,稻米品质较优,稻米RVA谱特征值相关指标以W4处理相对较优,体现稻米食味品质总体特性的综合食味值也以W4处理为最高。综上所述,W4和W5处理水稻产量均较高,但W4处理稻米品质略优于W5处理,因此在水稻收获前应当注意适时断水,不宜过早或过晚。此外,年度间稻米品质的差异不大。

怎样看待“物之存在随心转”的儒家“圆善”?

牟宗三《圆善论》最吸引人目光的地方确实在“精神幸福”,但其讨论的结构却仍然只能是包括了“物质幸福”的广义圆善。通过区分广义与狭义圆善,强调牟宗三儒家“圆善”所能达成的只是“精神幸福”,而非康德要求的“物质幸福”,其重大意义是以极端的形式表达和强调了牟宗三儒家“圆善”在主题与结构之间存在张力的事实,把对牟宗三本人进行判教的任务推到了前台。狭义圆善或重“精神幸福”,或重“物质幸福”,有属于道德层面的,也有知识层面的,还有社会制度层面的等,广义圆善则只能是诸狭义圆善交融无间的“浑无罅缝”。如果把“物质幸福”理解为“下”,把“精神幸福”确定为“上”,牟宗三不同时期讨论的主题虽然有不同,但却拱卫了同一个“自上而下”与“自下而上”的双线往复循环结构,即所谓“‘浑无罅缝’与‘十字打开’的典型”。唯因此,不同的主题就表示某种侧重或先后等,而不是指示着牟宗三的分裂或失误。牟宗三或“自下而上”说道德,注重科学、政治、经验、事功等,甘着学究气、平庸气、烟火气;或“自上而下”讲生命,强调道德、精神、超越、心性等,自带阳刚气、挺拔气、神仙气;唯有两者相互渗透、双线往复循环成一圆圈,方有究竟极致真实的牟宗三儒家圆教圆善。

再议“圆善”——对卢雪崑教授批评的回应

“诡谲的即”和“纵贯纵讲”是牟宗三解决圆善问题的两大步骤。这两个步骤内部都有瑕疵,所能达成的只是“道德幸福”,而非康德要求的“物质幸福”。牟宗三“始得到圆善问题之圆满而真实的解决”的自我评价并不准确。后人强调牟宗三是“圆教之圆善”,康德则是“德福一致之圆善”和“伦理共同体之圆善”,这种辩护不能改变牟宗三未能解决康德意义圆善问题的基本事实。圆善有广义和狭义之分,广义圆善包含社会制度问题,狭义圆善只属于伦理道德层面。“伦理共同体之圆善”是其广义,牟宗三所论圆善则主要取其狭义。广义圆善固然有意义,但不能认为据此便可以完全解决狭义的圆善问题了。牟宗三以“无限智心”代上帝以解决圆善问题,蕴含着从宗教解脱出来的良苦用心。如果不能正视其内在价值,重新搬出“天”来作为实现圆善的终极保障,必然造成学理上的极大倒退。