Studying History Education of High School in Taiwan by Causal Layered Analysis

After the 21st century,high school history learning will focus on teachers promoting the twelve-year state education.In recent years,in line with the changes in the new 108-year social curriculum,supporting strategies have been proposed:such as literacy orientation,inquiry and practice,learning process archives,and the structural direction of the controversial Chinese history into East Asian history.Historical learning has indeed had a great impact on the people’s national spiritual education and the development of historical consciousness in Taiwan’s education policy.This is the reason Taiwan’s Ministry of Education strives to improve students’historical literacy and connotation application abilities.When developing a learning policy,both external and internal learning factors need to be considered.The external aspect deals with the reasons for learning:Is learning for the purpose of using or accumulating historical wisdom in daily life to learn from the past and the present,on the other hand,to test the content of the course and the degree of absorption;or is it specifically for exams or other enlightenment purposes.The internal aspect involves those most affected by the policy:students and teachers.After studying and observing high school history learning policies for decades,some alternative future visions for history learning were found in the method of reflection on future research-the conclusion is that history is interestingly revitalized,and the preferred future is thematic history.According to the famous futurology scholar Sohail Inayatuallah’s proposal:the causal layering model.It helps understand how Taiwan’s historical policies operate.And how teachers and students on the front line respond to changes and take future actions.The key is to change the future:in the process of building an alternative future,whether the internal and external mix has changed or whether you want to try new things and expand your horizons.In fact,the difficulty of teaching lies in students’cooperation and conscious learning.Therefore,in the analysis of learning through alternative futures,is it possible to distinguish between internal and external situations and methods such as:1.Internal:Is education centered on teachers?Or is it student-centered?2.External:Does the Ministry of Education prioritize testing,or encourage teachers to adopt interactive communication and integrate education into the curriculum?Therefore,what is the function and inspiration of studying high school history and life?If thematic history teaching is used:teachers can use thematic learning methods to help students focus on causal relationships,the causes of turning points,or the evolution process of the beginning and end of events.This is more advantageous for testing based on the application topic,and it is easy to test how much understanding and understanding of history?Has an activating effect.By studying history in high school,using the“CLA(Causal layered analysis)”method of future studies,you can enter the stage of worldview exploration with the goal of improving professional depth and emotional level,and use it in your own understanding and utilization of history.Based on research,some insights into the prospects and thinking of learning history in high schools are provided:1.Facing the impact of declining birthrate,Taiwan needs a macro perspective to improve its future competitiveness and look forward to a new perspective on world history,using futuristic cause-and-effect level analysis to combine world changes with daily life applications.2.The study of history in high schools should go into a systematic construction:understand its cause-and-effect relationships and global trends,so teachers play a professional and future role in controlling the use of new information and technology.3.In the future,humans may develop more“intelligent”needs.As a reference from history or to explore the preferred path for the future,there will also be a greater need to innovate and meet challenges.4.Studying high school history has entered the professional field.Through self-exploration,it can be transformed into life affairs and establish the concept and value of lifelong learning.5.In studying the“history of high school learning”,have new prospects for the future of education.Through professional knowledge such as“trend theory and causal hierarchy analysis”of futurology,pursue new horizons and visions,making future education full of hope and possibility.

Cumulative second-harmonic generation of Lamb waves propagating in a two-layered solid plate

The physical process of cumulative second-harmonic generation of Lamb waves propagating in a two-layered solid plate is presented by using the second-order perturbation and the technique of nonlinear reflection of acoustic waves at an interface. In general, the cumulative second-harmonic generation of a dispersive guided wave propagation does not occur. However, the present paper shows that the second-harmonic of Lamb wave propagation arising from the nonlinear interaction of the partial bulk acoustic waves and the restriction of the three boundaries of the solid plates does have a cumulative growth effect if some conditions are satisfied. Through boundary condition and initial condition of excitation, the analytical expression of cumulative second-harmonic of Lamb waves propagation is determined. Numerical results show the cumulative effect of Lamb waves on second-harmonic field patterns.

Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and retinal vascular caliber alterations in coal miners in northern China:a community-based observational study

AIM:To evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and retinal vascular caliber alterations in coal mine workers.METHODS:The community-based observational crosssectional study included 4004 participants of a subpopulation of the Kailuan Study.All the study participants underwent structured interviews with a standardized questionnaire,fundus photography and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(OCT)examinations performed by trained doctors.RESULTS:The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was significantly higher(P=0.006)and the central macular thickness was lower in coal miners(n=659,51.0±7.8 y)as compared to the control(working above the ground;n=477,51.8±7.5 y;P=0.032).Additionally,the downhole workers showed a significantly thicker retinal artery(P=0.012)and vein diameters(P<0.001).In multivariable regression,a thicker retinal nerve fiber layer was associated with a higher cumulative silica dust exposure(P=0.005)after adjusting for younger age and larger spherical equivalent.In a reverse pattern,a higher cumulative silica dust exposure(P=0.004)was significantly associated with a thicker retinal nerve fiber layer after adjusting for age,high-density lipoproteins and uric acid.Wider retinal vein diameters were associated with higher cumulative silica dust exposure(P=0.036)after adjusting for younger age and larger spherical equivalent.CONCLUSION:The retinal vessels diameters and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness are significantly thicker in long term of coal mining.The results of our study indicate that underground working environment may lead to retinal vessel dilation and inflammation.Thus,ocular examination might be needed within coal miners in order to monitor the occupational eye health as well as the incidence and progression of eye diseases.

CUMULATIVE RESULTS OF CHEMOSENSITIVITY TEST USING MTT ASSAY IN DOUBLE-LAYER AGAROSE

Objective To investigate cumulative results of chemosensitivity test using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl (MTT) assay in double-layer agarose. Methods A total of 2 491 patients with different kinds of cancers were enrolled in the study, in which 18 kinds of different anticancer drugs were used. A computer soft was used to get patients’ information from chemosensitivity testing database and patients’ charts. ResultsThe total evaluability rate was 82.7% (2 060/2 491). Among all agents, the efficiency rates of 5-Fu, MMC, DDP, BLM and CBP were higher than the efficiency rates of others. The response rate range of different cancer in vitro sensitivity by using MTT assay in double layer agarose were from 9.2% (biliary duct) to 37.5% (malignant lymphoma). For colon and rectum cancer, 5-Fu, DDP, MMC and BLM were more sensitive than other anti-tumor agents. For breast carcinomas, ACTD and DDP were more sensitive. For gastric cancer, 5-Fu, DDP and BLM were more sensitive. For leukemia, VM-26 and HHRT were more sensitive. ACM was more sensitive to kidney and MXT and BLM were more sensitive to pancreas cancer. For Lung cancer, DDP and EPI were more sensitive. Mean true positive rate, mean true negative rate, mean sensitivity, mean specificity and mean accuracy were 44%, 92%, 72%, 77%, and 76%, respectively. Conclusion Chemosensitivity tesing using the MTT assay in a double layer agarose was a very useful reference to chem-therapy.

Effects of the sand content of muddy water content on one-dimensional vertical infiltration characteristics and dense layer formation characteristics

Muddy water irrigation,an effective water-saving irrigation method,has been widely used in the Yellow River Basin in China.To investigate the effect of sand content on water infiltration and dense layer formation under one-dimensional vertical infiltration of muddy water,muddy water infiltration experiments were performed in the laboratory,and five sand contents of muddy water(S=0%,3%,6%,9%,and 12%)were used.Models were established to describe the relationship between the cumulative infiltration amount[I(t)]and the infiltration duration(t);the relationship among the migration distance of the wetting front(Z),S,and t;the thickness of the sedimentary layer[H(t)];and the relationship between S and t.The results revealed that I(t)and Z decreased significantly with the increase of sand contents,while H(t)increased significantly with the increase of sand contents.I(t)and Z were in the range of 7 cm and 20 cm for each treatment,respectively.The variation in I(t)with t fitted Kostiakov and Philip models,and the coefficients of determination were all greater than 0.99.With the increase in S,the infiltration coefficient gradually decreased,the infiltration index gradually increased,and the sorptivity gradually decreased.The particle composition of the sedimentary layer was similar to that of the argillaceous sediment,and the content of particles with a size of less than 2 mm in the sedimentary layer was lower than that of the argillaceous sediment.Compared with the original soil,the content of particles with a size of less than 0.05 mm and physical clay particles(diameter less than 0.01 mm)in the soil with an infiltration depth of 0-2 cm increased.The retention layer was from the topsoil to the infiltration depth of approximately 2 cm.This study can provide a scientific basis for further research on soil infiltration mechanisms under muddy water.

中国翻译理论史研究:“一体双层”模式建构

当理论研究发展到一定阶段,就需要进行必要的学术史梳理,以便回望来路,展望去路。近年来,中国翻译理论史研究正成为国内译学界研究的热点之一,以应对翻译学学科进一步发展的诉求。但与当前欣欣向荣的翻译史研究相比,国内的翻译理论史研究还较为薄弱。本研究聚焦中国翻译理论史研究模式的元思考,尝试以翻译理论史的4个要素——译论、翻译实践、译论者和社会为构成性的“一体”,从内层——心理层和外层——社会层以及相对应的两个跨学科视角——发生认识论和知识社会学作为阐释性的“双层”,建构一个研究和撰写中国翻译理论史的“一体双层”模式,并对该模式进行宏观与微观相结合的理论阐发和举例论证,最后对中国翻译理论史研究提出几点建议,特别是提出建立一个译学分支学科——“译论思想史”的设想。本研究希望能为中国翻译理论史的研究和撰写提供研究模式方面的可能途径,助力中国翻译理论史研究向纵深发展。

铁路基床底层风积沙填料长期动力稳定性研究

为了研究铁路基床底层风积沙填料的长期动力稳定性,以和若铁路某试验段路基为研究对象,开展现场动力响应试验,试验车速分别为5,20和30 km/h,轴重分别为14.5 t和23.5 t,分析动应力随列车速度、轴重及沿深度的变化规律,基于现场测试和以往动三轴试验成果,将临界动应力和累积塑性变形作为评价参数,分别从动强度和动变形2个方面评价和若铁路基床底层风积沙填料的长期动力稳定性。研究结果表明:1)当列车以不大于30 km/h的速度运行时,车速对基床动应力值的影响很小,但轴重的影响十分显著,不同轴重作用下动应力衰减系数沿深度的变化曲线基本重合,动应力经过基床表层衰减约39.7%,传递至基床底层底面衰减约84.6%。2)在和若铁路基床底层范围内,列车荷载产生的动应力为12.86~53.05 kPa,小于风积沙临界动应力66.02~100.21 kPa,从动强度角度来说,风积沙用作铁路基床底层填料满足长期动力稳定性要求。3)基于基床填料的累积塑性应变模型,采用分层总和法计算了和若铁路基床层的累积塑性变形,结果发现列车荷载作用下基床变形主要集中在第1个月,累积变形量为13.59 mm,小于规范允许的月沉降量25 mm,从动变形角度来说,风积沙用作铁路基床底层填料满足长期动力稳定性要求。研究成果可为沙漠地区路基填料选择及基床结构设计提供参考。

分层教学视域下中国医学史课程核心知识浅析

分层教学是一种追求最大限度适配不同个体的教育方式,但现实中的学生分层面临着诸多难题,于是知识分层就获得了较多的关注。就中国医学史课程而言,学生分层也需要面对生源文理科差别、所学专业背景不同、学校教师资源有限等一系列困难,因而关注知识分层、聚焦核心知识成了提高课程教学效果的必由之路。文章基于“Miller金字塔”理念和不同专业背景的核心知识策略(前者为纵向分层,后者为横向分层),在实际教学中进行相应改革,为探索大班制教学中个性化培养的可行路径提供参考。

风积沙填筑铁路路基累积塑性变形及临界动应力试验研究

目前用于铁路基床的填料大多数为级配优良的填料,而对风积沙作为路基填料在列车荷载作用下的累积塑性变形特性和临界动应力研究不多,但风积沙作为路基填料已在沙漠铁路建设中得到运用。为探究列车荷载作用下风积沙填料填筑铁路路基的累积塑性变形演变特性及临界动应力,考虑围压、动应力幅值、压实系数和含水率等因素的影响,开展一系列动三轴试验。试验结果表明:风积沙累积塑性应变随压实系数、围压的增大而减小,随动应力幅值的增大而增大。以最优含水率为分界点,低于最优含水率时,风积沙累积塑性应变随含水率的增加而减小;高于最优含水率时,风积沙累积塑性应变随含水率的增加而增大。风积沙试样的累积塑性应变曲线可分为:稳定型、临界型和破坏型。根据对累积塑性应变曲线的分类,获得了不同条件下风积沙填料的临界动应力。风积沙临界动应力随围压和压实系数的增大而增大,饱和含水率下风积沙填料的临界动应力明显小于天然含水率和最优含水率下风积沙填料的临界动应力。临界动应力和围压具有较好的线性关系。构建了可考虑围压和含水率影响的风积沙临界动应力经验公式,通过临界动应力公式确定了不同工况下风积沙作为路基填料的适用范围。试验结果可为沙漠铁路的设计、施工以及运营提供经验和理论依据。

珠海某超限高层建筑的性能分析与设计

中葡商贸中心南侧塔楼为B级高度高层建筑,采用钢筋混凝土框架-核心筒结构体系,结构同时存在扭转不规则、楼板不连续、局部穿层柱及斜柱等不规则项。根据结构的超限情况合理选取抗震性能化设计目标,采用PKPM和MIDAS Building两款程序对整体结构进行了小震下弹性反应谱和弹性时程分析,补充了中震弹性和不屈服验算,并采用SAUSAGE程序进行了罕遇地震下的弹塑性动力时程分析。针对楼板不连续、局部穿层柱和斜柱等不规则情况还进行了楼板应力分析、屈曲稳定分析以及斜柱转折处的受力分析。根据结构特点采取了相应的加强措施。分析结果表明,各项指标均表现良好,结构各项性能均能达到预定的抗震性能目标,结构体系合理可行。

从孟姜女故事研究看顾颉刚的古史观念

孟姜女故事研究不是“层累”说的促成因素,而是顾颉刚在提出“层累”说以后,为深化其“故事眼光”以更好地解释古史演变,才展开的个案研究。孟姜女故事研究确实深化了顾颉刚的“故事眼光”,并对其古史观念产生了两方面影响:一是推动其研究旨趣在“辨真伪”和“穷流变”之间,进一步偏向了后者;二是让顾颉刚认识到在古史演变中,还存在由共时性多元地域文化向历时性一元叙事转化的现象。

分层教学在中职历史教学中的应用刍论

分层教学是一种以学生为中心,充分尊重学生个体差异和多样化需求的教学方法。在中职历史教学中,教师可以借助分层教学法,根据学生的个体差异和需求,将学生划分为不同的层次,并针对每个层次选择相应的教学策略,从而最大限度地提高教学效果,满足学生的学习需求。文章强调分层教学的内涵,分析中职历史教学中分层教学法的作用,阐述分层教学在中职历史教学中的应用策略,探讨中职历史教学中分层教学法的实践应用,旨在推动教育改革,实现学生个性化发展。

山地建筑办公楼结构设计探析

通过对山地建筑掉层结构的结构设计梳理、分析,采取弹性时程分析法,补充计算和罕遇地震下层间位移的验算及抗倾覆的验算等措施,保证结构在地震下的安全性。通过采取性能化设计、考虑板面内弹性变形计算、提高抗震措施等方式,加强抗震能力,确保山地建筑掉层结构中结构构件的安全可靠。

Influence of Temperature, Moisture, and Light Conditions on the Germination of Seeds of <i>Erythronium japonicum</i>Decne

Erythronium japonicum is a representative species of spring ephemeral, forest floor plants in substitution forests in Japan. Seed germination tests were conducted to observe the effects of temperature, light, and moisture content on the germination of E. japonicum. E. japonicum seeds did not germinate at constant temperatures of 5&#176C, 10&#176C, 15&#176C, 20&#176C, or 25&#176C. Seeds germinated at 5&#176C and 10&#176C after storage at 20&#176C for 1 or 2 months. Seed germinability was affected by desiccation to only 40% moisture content. Seeds germinated well in both light and dark conditions. Conditions under the leaf litter layer showed unique characteristics of temperature, light, and moisture content. The temperature was around 20&#176C under the leaf litter layer, even though it was 30&#176C above. The moisture content under the leaf litter layer was higher than that above. The leaf litter blocked out the sunlight. The temperature of 20&#176C necessary for E. japonicum germination occurred below, but not above, the leaf litter layer. The avoidance of decreasing in germinability from reduced seed moisture content in a short time is consistent with the high moisture conditions under the leaf litter layer. The leaf litter layer plays an important role in providing optimal conditions of temperature, light, and moisture content for the germination of E. japonicum seeds.

主体结构对单层索网幕墙动力特性影响研究

单层索网幕墙属于柔性非线性张拉结构,其在地震作用和风振作用下的响应与主体结构有所区别。以台州某工程为例,对单独模型和整体模型分别进行多遇地震弹性时程、罕遇地震弹塑性时程和风振时程下的位移和内力响应分析。分析结果表明:整体模型下,索网结构的自振周期略有延长;主体结构对单层索网结构的地震作用影响较大,在罕遇地震作用下,整体模型中的拉索内力出现了较大程度的衰减。文中采用线性滤波的自回归法AR模型进行风压时程模拟,风振响应分析结果表明:主体结构对索网结构的风振响应影响较小,对索网结构进行抗风计算时可不考虑主体结构的影响。

某不规则多层建筑结构整体分析与设计

本工程为多层特别不规则钢筋混凝土框架结构。对该结构进行了不规则性分析,确定了其抗震性能设计目标,并针对各个不规则项提出了加强设计措施。通过YJK和MIDASBuilding模型的CQC结果分析对比、以及小震作用下YJK软件CQC方法与弹性时程分析对比,得出与实际结构一致的三维结构模型。采用符合楼板平面内实际刚度的计算模型,进行楼板应力分析,薄弱部位楼板性能化设计,保证楼板在罕遇地震下的抗剪承载力。对结构大震下的地震反应采用Sausage软件进行弹塑性动力时程分析,通过分析可知,整体结构的塑性变形、各个构件的塑性损伤及性能等级均满足大震作用下性能设计的目标要求,表明各项加强设计措施的有效性,最终使本不规则结构在各种荷载工况作用下,受力变形均衡,达到最优设计目的。

长沙某超高层环带桁架加强层设计与分析

采用环带桁架加强层可以有效的提高整体结构的抗侧刚度。本文以长沙某超高层项目为例,采用周期、刚重比和屈曲因子三个指标衡量结构抗侧刚度,研究了环带桁架不同位置布置、环带桁架截面刚度变化对提高整体结构刚度作用效果的影响,并研究环带桁架截面刚度变化对外框架、核心筒剪力的增大效应的相关性,指出结构整体刚度、外框架总剪力与楼层剪力比、核心筒总剪力与楼层剪力比与环带桁架截面刚度均呈现线性增加—变缓增加—水平不变的三阶段趋势。同时,本文指出,环带桁架布置在塔楼高区对于提升结构刚度效果最为明显。分析了实际项目设置环带桁架后对加强层和上下层的竖向构件的不利影响,并提出相应的解决方案。

西安咸阳机场主航站楼钢屋盖施工方案分析

对西安咸阳机场主航站楼钢屋盖拟采用的施工方案进行阐述说明。通过分析其结构特点,结合工程实际情况,拟采用楼面散件拼装、分区液压累计提升、旋转提升相结合的多分区多工艺组合提升施工技术,同时通过施工模拟分析验证了施工方案的可行性,为后续此类钢结构项目的实施提供借鉴。

Analysis of generation of cumulative second harmonics of Lamb modes in a layered planar structure

A technique for analyzing the nonlinear generation of the cumulative second har-monics of generalized Lamb modes in a layered planar structure is developed. A theoretical model for nonlinear generalized Lamb mode propagation in a layered planar structure has been established, based on a partial plane wave approach. The nonlinearity is treated as a second-order perturbation of the linear elastic response. This model reveals some interesting features of the physics of the cumulative second harmonic generation. Although Lamb mode propagation is dispersive in a layered structure, the results of this analysis show that the amplitudes of the second harmonics do accumulate with propagation distance under certain special conditions. On the basis of the boundary and initial conditions of excitation, the formal solution of the cumulative second harmonic has been derived. Using the formal solution, we have performed some numerical simulations and obtained the cumulative second harmonic field patterns, illus-trating the distortion effect along the propagation distance, as well as the dependence of the field patterns on the position of the excitation source.

杭州某超限超高层结构的抗震设计

杭州某超限超高层建筑的结构高度29577m,采用圆钢管混凝土柱框架+钢筋混凝土核心筒+伸臂桁架结构体系。利用设备层和避难层设置三道环带桁架加强层,同时在中部避难层设置一道伸臂桁架加强层,提高结构整体抗侧刚度。对整体结构进行了弹性和弹塑性分析,并针对超限情况对关键部位提出相应的加强措施,保证结构整体和各类构件满足预期的抗震性能化目标。