Curved Spine:The Shape of Spine in Taoist Body Diagrams and Its Influence on Medical Body Diagrams

From the early Taoist diagrams of the human body to the end of the Qing dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,Taoists exaggerated and deformed the human spine in a shape-shifting manner.It is likely that medical practitioners were influenced by this style of representation,and there are also numerous diagrams of the human body with the curved spine in the lateral-view diagrams of viscera and Ming Tang Tu(明堂图Acupuncture and Moxibustion Chart),which constantly show the human torso in an elliptical“egg shape”.No later than the Ming dynasty,medical practitioners began to depict the actual physiological spinal curve of the human body.By the Qing dynasty,the depiction of the spinal curve in medical diagrams of the human figure showed a tendency to part ways with the Taoist freehand style of the previous generation.Although the representation of the curve of the spine was very crude,later medical images of the human body at least gradually straightened the spine and no longer depicted it in a shape-shifting manner.However,the curved spine in Taoist diagrams of the human body continued to exist,and the presentation of the curved spine never changed.This way of depicting its appearance,which is very different from reality,is shaped by Taoism's special way of perceiving and viewing the body,and may also contain another form of truth.

Phase diagram and quench dynamics of a periodically drivenHaldane model

We investigate a periodically driven Haldane model subjected to a two-stage driving scheme in the form of a step function.By using the Floquet theory,we obtain the topological phase diagram of the system.We also find that anomalous Floquet topological phases exist in the system.Focusing on examining the quench dynamics among topological phases,we analyze the site distribution of the 0-mode and p-mode edge states in long-period evolution after a quench.The results demonstrate that,under certain conditions,the site distribution of the 0-mode can be confined at the edge even in long-period evolution.Additionally,both the 0-mode and p-mode can recover and become confined at the edge in long-period evolution when the post-quench parameters(T,M_(2) /M_(1))in the phase diagram cross away from the phase boundary (M_(2)/ M_(1))=(6√3t2)/ M_(1)−1.Furthermore,we conclude that whether the edge state is confined at the edge in the long-period evolution after a quench depends on the similarity of the edge states before and after the quench.Our findings reveal some new characteristics of quench dynamics in a periodically driven system.

Properties of the phase diagram from the Nambu-Jona-Lasino model with a scalar-vector interaction

We investigated the properties of the phase diagram of high-order susceptibilities,speed of sound,and polytropic index based on an extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with an eight-quark scalar-vector interaction.Non-monotonic behavior was observed in all these quantities around the phase transition boundary,which also revealed the properties of the critical point.Further,this study indicated that the chiral phase transition boundary and critical point could vary depending on the scalarvector coupling constant G_(SV).At finite densities and temperatures,the negative G_(SV)term exhibited attractive interactions,which enhanced the critical point temperature and reduced the chemical potential.The G_(SV)term also affected the properties of the high-order susceptibilities,speed of sound,and polytropic index near the critical point.The non-monotonic(peak or dip)structures of these quantities shifted to a low baryon chemical potential(and high temperature)with a negative G_(SV).G_(SV)also changed the amplitude and range of the nonmonotonic regions.Therefore,the scalar-vector interaction was useful for locating the phase boundary and critical point in QCD phase diagram by comparing the experimental data.The study of the non-monotonic behavior of high-order susceptibilities,speed of sound,and polytropic index is of great interest,and further observations related to high-order susceptibilities,speed of sound,and polytropic index being found and applied to the search for critical points in heavy-ion collisions and the study of compact stars are eagerly awaited.

Recension of boron nitride phase diagram based on high-pressure and high-temperature experiments

Cubic boron nitride and hexagonal boron nitride are the two predominant crystalline structures of boron nitride.They can interconvert under varying pressure and temperature conditions.However,this transformation requires overcoming significant potential barriers in dynamics,which poses great difficulty in determining the c-BN/h-BN phase boundary.This study used high-pressure in situ differential thermal measurements to ascertain the temperature of h-BN/c-BN conversion within the commonly used pressure range(3-6 GPa)for the industrial synthesis of c-BN to constrain the P-T phase boundary of h-BN/c-BN in the pressure-temperature range as much as possible.Based on the analysis of the experimental data,it is determined that the relationship between pressure and temperature conforms to the following equation:P=a+1/bT.Here,P denotes the pressure(GPa)and T is the temperature(K).The coefficients are a=-3.8±0.8 GPa and b=229.8±17.1 GPa/K.These findings call into question existing high-pressure and high-temperature phase diagrams of boron nitride,which seem to overstate the phase boundary temperature between c-BN and h-BN.The BN phase diagram obtained from this study can provide critical temperature and pressure condition guidance for the industrial synthesis of c-BN,thus optimizing synthesis efficiency and product performance.

A Future Life of Binary Phase Diagrams

The article raises the question of what to do with one of the main achievements of metal science in recent years—binary phase diagrams. These diagrams play a key role in the science of alloys and therefore their reliability must be complete. However, the discovery of the “ordering-separation” phase transition, which showed that in binary alloys at certain temperatures the sign of the chemical interatomic interaction changes (and, consequently, the microstructure changes), forces us to reconsider our ideas about those areas. Currently, these areas are designated on diagrams as areas of a “disordered solid solution.” This article proposes, using transmission electron microscopy, to study all the so-called solid solution regions, and apply the results obtained to the studied regions of the phase diagram.

油松P-V曲线主要水分参数随季节和种源的变化

借助P-V曲线,研究了油松主要水分参数(包括饱和含水时的最大渗透势φ_(?)^(sat)、初始质壁分离时的渗透势φ_(?)(tlp)、渗透水相对含量F_(tlp),和相对含水量RWC_(tlp)以及质外体水相对含量AWC)随季节和种源的变化。结果表明,油松P-V曲线主要水分参数是随生长发育阶段和环境条件的改变而发生变化的。其中φ_(?)^(sat)φ_(?)(tlP) F_(tlp),和RWC_(tlp)值在夏季生长高峰期达到最高,以后逐渐降低,到严冬季节达到一年中的最低水平,随春季来临又将升高。而AWC值表现了与此相反的季节变化趋势。油松林木主要水分参数随季节发生的变化,与林木的抗寒锻炼过程表现了很大的一致性。油松不同种源水分参数上的差异亦很明显,表现最典型的是在冬季。根据水分参数所计算的综合指标表明,在油松不同气候生态型中,抗旱性强弱的顺序是,东北型、中部型、东部型、西南型、西北型、中西型、南部型。

孤岛微电网分布式P-V协调控制策略

为提升有功功率分配精度和降低线路损耗,研究了一种孤岛微电网分布式有功-电压(P-V)协调控制策略。重点提出了考虑线损系数及节点电压优化量的有功分配因子设计方法,并研究了基于有功分配因子一致原则的功率分配方法。采用分布式稀疏通信网络进行信息交互,利用一致性算法得到二级控制所需的有功分配因子平均估计值和系统平均电压估计值,产生综合电压优化量完成下垂控制优化,实现孤岛微电网分布式P-V协调控制。该策略可有效兼顾线路损耗降低以及有功功率分配精度提升,控制各节点电压在合理范围内,并调节系统平均电压至额定值。最后通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真验证了所提控制策略的有效性。

基于P-V曲线的风电场接入系统稳态分析

提出了基于P-V曲线的风电场接入系统稳态分析方法以及两个风电场同时接入系统的分析方法,该方法能够提供电压偏移量、电压波动范围等信息。文章还分析了风电场接入系统的电压要求及风电场运行对区域电网网损的影响,由仿真结果可见,风电场接入系统的最低电压应高于系统检修时的最低电压,而且风电场的接入有利于减少系统的网损。

可塌陷气管的p-V关系和极限流量

通过对正常大鼠气管在不同轴向伸长比条件下作液体灌注实验,并对所得压力—容积数据进行最小二乘拟合,得到包含在拟合函数关系式中的大鼠气管材料常数。文章详细分析这些材料常数的力学含义,并对可塌陷气管的顺应性和极限流量进行讨论。文章结果为分析气管在特定力学环境中的适应性生长和塌陷特性提供重要的信息。

多孔钼烧结体的静压p-V特性研究

利用中等密度的多孔钼烧结体进行了中、低静压全程加载 卸载实验。研究了在不同直径(特别是较大尺寸)和不同初始密度时该材料的静压p V特性曲线。实验发现,样品初始密度不同应变也不同;卸载曲线几乎不受样品初始密度、直径的影响。计算表明,泡沫钼在静压下具有较高的吸能性,吸能效率较高,但预压后的泡沫钼吸能性和吸能效率均有所下降。

一种新的p-V关系测量技术

本工作利用新建立的p(压力)-V(体积)关系测量技术测定了 Fe和 Bi在4.5 GPa内的p-V关系。实验结果表明,采用这种新的测量技术可以提高p-V关系测量的精度和工作效率。

Predominance diagrams for Zn(Ⅱ)-NH_3-Cl^--H_2O system

The thermodynamics in zinc hydrometallurgical process was studied using a chemical equilibrium modeling code（GEMS） to predict the zinc solubility and construct the species distribution and predominance diagrams for the Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-H2O and Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-Cl--H2O system.The zinc solubilities in ammoniacal solutions were also measured with equilibrium experiments,which agree well with the predicted values.The distribution and predominance diagrams show that ammine and hydroxyl ammine complexes are the main aqueous Zn species,Zn（NH3）24-is predominant in weak alkaline solution for both Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-H2O and Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-Cl--H2O systems.In Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-Cl--H2O system,the ternary complexes containing ammonia and chloride increase the zinc solubility in neutral solution.There are three zinc compounds,Zn（OH）2,Zn（OH）1.6Cl0.4 and Zn（NH3）2Cl2,on which the zinc solubility depends,according to the total ammonia,chloride and zinc concentration.These thermodynamic diagrams show the effects of ammonia,chloride and zinc concentration on the zinc solubility,which can provide thermodynamic references for the zinc hydrometallurgy.

φ-pH diagram of V-Ti-H_2O system during pressure acid leaching of converter slag containing vanadium and titanium

To analyze the thermodynamic characteristics of leaching process of converter slag, φ-pH diagram of V-Ti-H2O system at oxygen partial pressure of 0.5 MPa, ionic mass concentration of 0.1 mol/kg and temperatures ranging from 60 to 200 ℃ was obtained by recently published critically assessed standard Gibbs energies and activity coefficients of various species. When pH2, stable regions of V3＋, VO2＋ and VO2＋ exist in the stable region of TiO2. The pH values of stable regions of vanadium and titanium decrease and redox potentials become more positive with the temperature increasing. Vanadium and titanium could be separated by one-step leaching based on thermodynamics. The experiment results of pressure acid leaching of converter slag show that leaching rates of vanadium and titanium are 96.87% and 8.76% respectively, at 140 ℃ of temperature, 0.5 MPa of oxygen partial pressure, 0.055-0.075mm of particle size, 15：1 of liquid to solid ratio, 120 min of leaching time, 500 r/min of stirring speed and 200 g/L of initial acid concentration. Vanadium and titanium could be selectively separated in the pressure acid leaching process, and the experiment result is in agreement with thermodynamic calculation result.

基于P-V曲线的低压减载分群配置方案

低压减载是电网防御系统的第三道防线稳控措施之一,可以经济有效地防止电压崩溃。以安徽宣城地区电网为例,研究基于P-V曲线的低压减载方案。该方案通过稳定计算分析,找到该电网可能出现的电压失稳状态,计算出其部分负荷节点的P-V曲线,按照负荷增长与电压降低之间的定量关系,将节点划分为不同集群进行配置,能有效地阻止电压持续恶化。该方法根据电压对负荷的敏感程度制定的各节点或区域低压减载方案,比起统一配置方案更有利于系统电压的恢复。

Theoretical prediction of forming limit diagram of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet at warm temperatures

A theoretical prediction on forming limit diagram（FLD） of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet was developed at warm temperatures based on the M-K theory. Two different yield criteria of von Mises and Hill＇48 were applied in this model. Mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy used in the prediction were obtained by uniaxial tensile tests and the Fields-Backofen equation was incorporated in the analysis. In addition, experimental FLDs of AZ31 were acquired by conducting rigid die swell test at different temperatures to verify the prediction. It is demonstrated from a comparison between the predicted and the experimental FLDs at 473 K and 523 K that the predicted results are influenced by the type of yield criterion used in the calculation, especially at lower temperatures. Furthermore, a better agreement between the predicted results and experimental data for AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet at warm temperatures was obtained when Hill＇48 yield criterion was applied.

CO_2-泡沫体系的高温P-V特性研究

为满足吉林油田特低渗透区块CO2泡沫驱的要求,利用法国ST公司生产的高温高压全可视PVT测试仪,将室内静态实验筛选出的泡沫体系,进行高温P-V特性实验测定,以判断在地层的高温高压环境该泡沫体系是否能够稳定存在。实验结果表明:温度一定时,低压与高压时,PVT筒内形成泡沫的尺寸不同;低压时泡沫尺寸较大,且体系不稳定,停止搅拌立即析液;随着压力升高,PVT筒内形成的泡沫越来越细小,稳定性提高,停止搅拌析液速度减慢。通过实验观测发现,100℃时形成稳定泡沫的临界压力为30 MPa;同时该压力也是泡沫体系的P-V、P-ρ关系曲线的变化趋势变缓的转折点。最后研究发现,通过地面检测泡沫体系的密度可以判断地面发泡时是否已形成稳定的泡沫。

卡诺循环的p-V图

用计算机定量计算且绘制出卡诺循环的 p -V图 。

P-V法铸造的铸型性能

为研究真空密封铸型在压力下的强度、硬度，设计制造了压力罐，并测试了压力罐内压力为１、２、３、４个大气压时真空密封铸型的抗压、抗剪、抗拉强度及压力为１、２、３、４、５、６、７个大气压时铸型的硬度。结果表明，ＰＶ法铸造的铸型强度、硬度远高于普通Ｖ法铸型和一般砂型，有利于生产尺寸精度较高的铸件。

动态P-V曲线监测指导全麻术后气管拔管

目的探讨动态P-V曲线监测指导全麻术后气管拔管的临床意义。方法择期全麻恢复患者100例随机分组对照观察。动态监测P-V环，实时判断患者的自主呼吸情况，A组当自主呼吸频率≥8次／min、PSV≤8cmH2O、潮气量≥6ml／kg、分钟通气量≥3L／min时，改为经气管导管内吸氧3L／min，观察3～5min如无缺氧表现，SpO2≥95％拔除气管导管。B组按传统方法拔除气管导管。用Ramsay改良评分判断患者的意识状况。记录气管拔管前后血压、心率、呼吸、并发症情况及患者对气管插管的感受。结果拔管前后的相关并发症B组显著高于A组（P〈0．01）。拔管时血压、心率、呼吸改变B组较明显。拔管前对气管插管的感受，B组多数自述难以忍受，两组有显著性差异（P〈0．01），拔管前后Ramsay评分A组多在4～5分，B组多在1～3分，两组有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论动态P-V曲线监测指导气管拔管可提高患者的舒适性和安全性，减少全麻恢复期并发症的发生率。

Plotting and application of predominance area diagram of In-S-O system based on topological rules

The mathematical topological rule was proposed to plot the predominance area diagram.Based on the phase rules,the components of In-S-O system were analyzed and the coexisting points of three condensed phases were determined.Combined with the topological rules and thermody namic calculation,four relation diagrams between the coexisting points of three condensed phases,which were denoted as α,β stable plane-topological diagram and unstable plane-topological diagram,were plotted for the In-S-O system.The results show that α stable plane topological diagram is in accordance with the predominance area diagram of In-S-O system plotted by traditional methods,which indicates that the new method is feasible to plot the predominance area diagram of In-S-O system.Meanwhile,β unstable plane-topological diagram can be used to elucidate the indium production with the bath smelting process.