Analytical Framework Model for Capacity Needs Assessment and Strategic Capacity Development within the Local Government Structure in Tanzania

This is a methodological paper prepared by senior academicians, researchers and consultants from renowned universities in Tanzania. The paper provides insights as to how best development agents can approach the challenge of capacity needs assessment and development of capacity building programs in the context of the local government structure in Tanzania. The paper is of original nature and is based on author’s accumulated knowledge and practice in conducting capacity assessments and developing capacity building programs in Tanzania. The paper describes what can be considered to be best practices in conducting participatory capacity assessment through consultative processes which involves most of the key actors who would be engaged in implementing proposed interventions. The paper puts forward an analytical model for capacity assessment and program development in the Tanzanian context. The main features of the model can be summarized as participatory capacity assessment, strategic capacity building program development and complementarity through synergy building with like-minded stakeholders. The operational modality for utilizing the model in developing capacity building programs which among other components has monitoring and evaluation aspects is included. It is recommended that practitioners and development agents should test the model in their working environments to realize its potential benefits including program ownership by stakeholders.

Recovery Capacity of the Finance System of Italian Municipalities After the Currency Crisis of 1992

This paper is a first pioneering attempt to apply the concept of resilience to the analysis of the public finance systems of local governments, a concept already used and ＂abused＂ in various disciplines and fields of science. In particular, it proposes an attempt to estimate the recovery capacity of Italian Municipalities in a crucial period of our country＇s financial history, between 1992 and 2000, or between the currency crisis and the introduction of the Euro. However, the analysis also involved the subsequent trends, in order to demonstrate that the current vulnerability of the municipal public finance system, in particular of the Municipalities of Southern Italy, depends not only on the economic cycle but also on the continuous and incessant changes in the financing mechanisms of local governments established by the central government. The analysis showed a lower financial resilience of the Municipalities of the Mezzogiorno （island and continental） compared to those of the Center-North. The determinants of this phenomenon were found, for one part, through the analysis of the financial data of the Italian Municipalities - as presented by the SVIMEZ in its annual reports on the economy of the Mezzogiomo - and, for another part, through the critical synthesis of significant economic events which occurred during the period examined.

Analysis on the Development Trend of Contemporary Local Governance Mode from the perspective of Economic Policy and Environmental Capacity Optimization

As the basic level of national governance, local governance is deeply influenced by administrative tradition, political system and economic development level of a country. With more than thirty years of reform and opening up, the pattern of local governance has become diversified. The diversity of governance model cannot be managed in the same way, however, it cannot affect the government’s ability to play the initiative role of governance. We need to innovate and improve the existing local governance models.

National Governance Capacity from the View of Comparative Political Economy-Based on the Fight Against COVID-19

At the beginning of 2020,COVID-19 has blocked the pace of the world economic development.In the process of fighting the epidemic,different countries have formulated different policies and showed different effects from fighting it.After the end of COVID-19,the rapid social and economic recovery as well as their development require scientific and effective governance from all countries.From the perspective of comparative political economy theory,taking the COVID-19 epidemic as an example,this article points out the advantages and deficiencies of the national governance capacity,as well as seek ways to improve the national governance capacity.

数字化转型赋能企业绿色技术创新的影响研究——基于中国上市公司的经验数据

在“双碳”目标背景下,企业通过数字化转型推动绿色技术创新,这不仅关乎其自身生存发展,也是促进中国经济可持续发展的微观基础。本文基于2009~2023年沪深A股上市公司数据,实证检验数字化转型对企业绿色技术创新的影响。研究发现:(1)数字化转型有助于提升企业绿色技术创新水平,且估计结果十分稳健;(2)数字化转型通过增强内部能力、提高外部市场关注和增加政府补贴促进企业绿色技术创新;(3)异质性分析表明,在国有企业和环境规制强度高的区域,数字化转型对企业绿色技术创新的推动作用更为显著。本文为理解数字化转型赋能企业绿色技术创新提供经验证据,并为我国推动数字化转型以促进经济可持续发展提供理论和实践参考。

金融投资对培育企业新质生产力的影响

企业新质生产力是新质生产力的微观形态,是创新驱动在微观领域形成的先进生产力。本文以知识生产函数为基础,基于2008~2021年非金融上市公司数据,探究了非金融企业金融投资对其培育新质生产力的影响,并分析了政府补助和银行信贷的调节作用。研究结果表明,金融投资抑制了企业培育新质生产力,而政府补助和银行信贷能正向调节金融投资对企业新质生产力的抑制效应。路径分析表明,金融投资通过创新投入、发展能力与经营能力三个渠道影响企业培育新质生产力。本文丰富了非金融企业金融投资对企业培育新质生产力影响的研究,并为企业进行合理投资分配以及推动其高质量发展提供理论基础与实践启示。

更好的治理能力会促进国家认同吗?——基于非洲十二国的实证研究

国家认同受到历史、政治、经济等多种因素的影响,国家治理能力可能也影响着国家认同。对于国家治理能否促进非洲的民族认同,已有的研究并没有给出明确的答案。首先从理论上探讨了国家认同提升的机制,通过运用有序逻辑回归模型实证方法对非洲晴雨表、世界银行和UNCTAD机构记录的国家认同和国家治理数据以及非洲国家的贸易开放程度进行了调查。研究发现,非洲国家的国家治理与人民的国家认同之间存在正相关关系。这一发现进一步扩展了对国家治理影响的理解,对加强非洲的国家认同以及非洲现代国家构建具有一定的启示。

Adaptation Challenges to Climate Change Disasters in the Karamoja Cluster(Cattle Corridor) in Uganda

One of the challenges the world is facing today is global climate change and its associated impacts. Uganda is a climate sensitive country with over 90% of the population dependent on climate sensitive sectors.Gradual and sudden variations in climatic parameters will therefore render the livelihoods of Ugandans very vulnerable.A number of approaches to enhance the resilience of communities to

Development of Chinese Cultural Governance since the Reform and Opening-up

Contemporary Chinese cultural governance is an important part of the national governance system and the modernization of national governance capacity. It must combine international experience and local method together and run through the whole process of cultural system reform. The good governance of culture is the goal pursued by Chinese cultural governance, which displays the management process of maximizing cultural public interest. In the new era, cultural governance reform has experienced governance subject centralized to pluralism, governance space from inside to outside, governance method from ruling by man to the rule of law, governance path from control-oriented government to service-oriented government. To further improve Chinese cultural governance in the new era, relationships between top-level design and grass-root innovation, cultural democracy and cultural concentration, national cultural interests, social cultural interests and cultural interests of the citizens, domestic cultural governance and global culture must be dialectically dealt with. In the government-market-social governance structure, mutual assistance of multiple missions and win-win of multiple subjects can be achieved, thus promoting harmony of multiple interests.

Microcredit as a Strategy for Poverty Reduction： A Case Study of the Sudan

Sudan is among those developing countries characterized by high incidence of poverty in spite of its prodigious resource endowments. Sudan government has continued to introduce programmes aiming at alleviation of poverty which were generally characterized by a lack of effectiveness. The traditional approach towards poverty reduction centered on national development programmes designed to enhance economic growth and improve standards of living. In addition, the Islamic institution of Zakat was utilized to help poor families start income-generating projects. However, recently, a more ambitious poverty-focused microcredit programme was laid forth. Thus, billions of dollars were earmarked for microcredit to help the poor obtain investible resources which can be directed towards starting income-generating projects. This paper argues that today, there is no shortage of funds earmarked for microfinance in Sudan. But the prevailing institutional inadequacies would not allow such substantial outlays to have much impact on poverty reduction. This paper reviews the history of microcredit and microfinance in the country, highlights the roles of different institutions in provision of microcredit, attempts to figure out its possible policy outputs, and finally makes some suggestions to overcome the evident shortcomings.

The path and countermeasures of increasing government’s governance capacities in energy-saving renovation of existing buildings

The dual functions of government participation and governance in the development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market determine the importance of the government’s scientific and effective actions.Continuously improving the government’s role is to promote the effective operation of the existing building energy-saving renovation market.Based on the inherent requirements of improving the government governance capacity in the development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market,this paper constructs the implementation path for the development of the existing building’s energy-saving renovation market from the three dimensions of practical concept,practical process and practical methods.From the four aspects of improving the legal and regulatory system,building a market information sharing platform,establishing a sound market supervision mechanism,and consolidating and improving the market accountability system,we will structure the existing building energysaving renovation market development to improve the government’s ability to restrain and implement measures.From the four levels of improving the market incentive mechanism,optimizing the market financing environment,clarifying the position of market resource allocation,and building a social operation platform,design measures to improve government incentives in the development of the existing building energy conservation renovation market.From the shaping of governance yuan organizational roles,governance capacity and responsibilities of departments at all levels to define boundaries,to build four main interactive platform governance perspective,the main parties demand balance the interests of both the governance capacity development planning in the government market,building energy-saving market to enhance the implementation of countermeasures.In order to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market based on the enhancement of government governance capacity.

数字治理中技术依赖的伦理风险与规制

数字治理是数字技术与社会治理深度融合以创造更大公共价值的一种新型治理形态,是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的应然要求。在数字治理进程中,政府与数字技术的关系由技术辅助逐渐演化为技术主导,这在社会治理决策、行为和系统建设中产生了技术依赖现象,即智能决策替代治理主体决策、技术行为替代治理主体行为和平台建设替代结构流程优化。技术依赖带来的伦理风险包括政府公权力系统被侵蚀、治理过程的伦理原则与程序的失效以及治理结果责任归属不清等问题。这些伦理风险既阻碍了数字治理对公共价值的创造,也不利于国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的推进。实践中,应从数据信息、治理决策、治理系统等数字治理流程中的3个关键变量着手,厘清数字技术嵌入社会治理的边界,探索优化数字治理的实施路径,具体包括控制社会治理数据信息的准入和流出以推进治理公平、优化人类决策与算法决策的合理分工以彰显公共价值、推动数字权力与政府权力的共建以明确治理责任归属等。通过规制技术依赖带来的伦理风险,推动数字治理创造更多公共价值,促进社会的公平正义和人民的幸福生活,实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的战略目标。

基层治理新趋势:以系统化改革破解基层治理的难题

随着我国走向现代化发展新阶段,基层治理也面临着现代化的转型。在此过程中,要突破基层治理在认知性、结构性和功能性方面的困境,全面深化改革“必须坚持系统观念”。为此,基层治理改革要加强党政统筹的顶层设计,通过优化治理系统结构、明确系统主体职责和推进数字化治理等改革措施,实现由“要素管理”向“系统治理”转变,以求增强基层治理的系统性、整体性和协同性,从而全面推进基层治理体系和治理能力现代化。

地方政府环境治理与企业产能过剩

通过环境治理淘汰落后产能是新时代有效化解企业产能过剩的重要举措,相较于被动执行中央环境保护政策,地方政府工作报告中的环境治理目标和措施不仅可以有效发挥本级相关部门环境治理的主观能动性,还可以结合地区实际制定适宜的环境保护政策。然而,基于地方政府环境治理视角的研究较为匮乏。本文通过Python提取各地区政府工作报告中与环境保护相关词频,构建地方政府环境治理指标,实证检验了地方政府环境治理对企业产能过剩的影响。研究发现:第一,地方政府环境治理显著提升了企业产能利用率,该结果在采用工具变量法等方法进行内生性和稳健性检验后依然成立。第二,地方政府环境治理通过发挥“遵循成本效应”抑制企业过度投资,以及发挥“创新补偿效应”倒逼企业绿色技术创新,从而迫使企业淘汰落后产能、提升产能利用率。第三,地方政府环境治理的去产能效应在“产能攀比”激烈行业和市场化程度较高地区更为显著,且地方政府环境治理的去产能效应带动了企业价值提升。本文的研究不仅为产能过剩的政府干预理论提供了新证据,也延伸了政府环境治理化解产能过剩的理论框架,还为当前去产能政策的制定提供了借鉴。

基层应急治理能力提升:类型、梗阻与策略——基于“主体—情境—技术”分析框架

基层应急治理能力体系是国家治理体系的重要组成部分,基层应急治理能力直接彰显了国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平。主体、情境与技术是基层应急治理能力提升的关键要素,通过建构“主体—情境—技术”分析框架,将实践案例归结为主体协同型、情境主导型与技术主导型三种基层应急治理实践类型。在基层应急治理能力提升过程中,仍面临“科层—社会”存在张力与应急信任合作机制缺失,常态预防预警能力欠缺与非常态响应机制运转不畅,数据共享链条易被阻断与“技术决定论”思维固化等现实困境。为切实提升基层应急治理能力,需要打造“一核多元”协同应急格局,灵活调适“常态—非常态”应急治理重心,增强基层智慧应急治理实效。

数字时代的大学治理:理论逻辑、现实挑战及其实施策略

党的二十大报告提出了“推进教育数字化,建设全民终身学习的学习型社会、学习型大国”的要求。大学治理作为国家战略的重要部署,肩负起数字化发展的重要使命。在数字时代,大学治理不但需要主动适应数字技术的新诉求而实现治理形态的变革,还应以“人”为治理核心,借力数字技术的特有效用对大学治理能力进行赋能与再创新。在现实挑战中,数字技术赋能大学治理还存在着大学治理理念断裂、治理主体权责不均衡、数据流通引发风险等诸多挑战。基于此,依据数字时代大学治理的理论内涵,大学治理应从树立人本治理理念、加强数字平台建设、实施监管机制三个方面入手,借由数字技术资源的嵌入来促进大学治理能力的提升。

环境数据认证的法治意蕴

环境治理中的国家认证可以简称为环境数据认证,其作为数字时代环境信息制度的重要组成部分,意味着具有环境治理权力的部门对关涉环境治理的人(自然人、法人)、物(自然物、人造物)、行(环境违法行为、环境保护行为)的“身份”确认,其间既包括一定的分类、规则、标准和规范体系,也包括明确认证信息的基本功能、用途和意义,确定基本环境事实同具体环境治理行为之间的关系。而环境数据认证之于环境治理的重要性体现在完善环境信息公开制度、提供信息制度保障、降低环境治理法律成本以及促进环境治理评估合理化等方面。具体至法律制度构建,环境数据认证的完善路径主要包括明确环境数据认证权力的范围与界限、建立认证数据的开放与共享机制以及完善行政相对人的法律救济程序与制度。

找回集体:内生型集体经济发展与村社集体治理能力提升

发展壮大农村集体经济,是实施乡村振兴战略的重要经济基础。基于山东省临清市农村集体“三资”清理的典型案例,探讨内生型集体经济发展的内涵和优势。通过产权制度改革和产业经营发展集体经济的尝试,仍然是外部资源输入式的经营逻辑;而“三资”清理正是内生型集体经济发展的重要方式,借助政策合法性、集体土地制度正义性和村庄公共话语来收回被个体村民侵占的集体土地,实现村集体收入的增加和集体体制的激活。内生型集体经济发展并不追求主体上的完全市场化,经营上更多依靠村社集体对土地资源的统筹和调控能力,目标是实现与全体村民的良性互动并调整村社内部利益关系。在具体实践中,通过加强集体对土地的控制权、提高村社集体统筹能力、重建村庄公共性和凸显实体化集体定位,实现通过发展内生型集体经济来提升村社治理能力的目标。集体经济在发展过程中要找回具备自主性、嵌入性和公共性的集体,发挥集体经济社会性、政治性和经济性等综合功能。

中国乡村治理现代化——理论源流、历史变迁和发展路径

回顾党领导乡村治理的百年历程,可以看到,中国乡村治理的理论渊源是马克思主义乡村治理思想;党领导的乡村治理经历了新民主主义革命、社会主义革命和建设、改革开放等不同历史时期的理论和实践探索。在新时代,中国乡村治理现代化以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,形成了独特的发展路径:建立健全以政治为领导、自治为基础、法治为保障、德治为教化、智治为手段的“五治”一体的乡村治理体系,加快提升农村资源汲取、经济发展、社会管理、公共服务以及制度建设“五能”并举的乡村治理能力。

产学研合作、知识吸收能力与企业创新绩效——高管学术背景与政府创新补贴的调节作用

在梳理产学研合作与企业创新绩效关系研究的基础上,结合交易成本理论、资源基础理论以及高层梯队理论,以2010-2021年中国A股上市公司为研究样本,探讨产学研合作对企业创新绩效的促进作用及机制,并将高管学术背景和政府创新补贴作为调节变量纳入研究框架。实证分析发现:产学研合作对企业创新绩效发挥显著促进作用;当企业具有学术背景的高管比例较高时,这一效应更加显著;高水平政府创新补贴同样能够增强这一效应。中介效应检验发现,企业参与产学研合作对其知识吸收能力具有显著促进作用,同时,企业可以通过提升知识吸收能力,增强自身对环境变化感知的敏锐性与自主创新能力,进而提高创新绩效。