Knockdown of the atypical protein kinase genes GhABC1K2-A05 and GhABC1K12-A07 make cotton more sensitive to salt and PEG stress

Activity of bc1 complex kinase(ABC1K)is an atypical protein kinase(aPK)that plays a crucial role in plant mitochondrial and plastid stress responses,but little is known about the responses of ABC1Ks to stress in cotton(Gossypium spp.).Here,we identified 40 ABC1Ks in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)and found that the Gh ABC1Ks were unevenly distributed across 17 chromosomes.The GhABC1K family members included 35 paralogous gene pairs and were expanded by segmental duplication.The GhABC1K promoter sequences contained diverse cis-acting regulatory elements relevant to hormone or stress responses.The qRT-PCR results revealed that most Gh ABC1Ks were upregulated by exposure to different stresses.Gh ABC1K2-A05 and Gh ABC1K12-A07 expression levels were upregulated by at least three stress treatments.These genes were further functionally characterized by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS).Compared with the controls,the Gh ABC1K2-A05-and Gh ABC1K12-A07-silenced cotton lines exhibited higher malondialdehyde(MDA)contents,lower catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities and reduced chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents under NaCl and PEG stress.In addition,the expression levels of six stress marker genes(Gh DREB2A,Gh SOS1,Gh CIPK6,Gh SOS2,Gh WRKY33,and Gh RD29A)were significantly downregulated after stress in the Gh ABC1K2-A05-and Gh ABC1K12-A07-silenced lines.The results indicate that knockdown of Gh ABC1K2-A05 and Gh ABC1K12-A07 make cotton more sensitive to salt and PEG stress.These findings can provide valuable information for intensive studies of Gh ABC1Ks in the responses and resistance of cotton to abiotic stresses.

Application of long-chain alkenones and U_(37)~k values for paleotemperature estimation in the Arctic Chukchi Sea-Bering Sea area

Long-chain alkenones were detected in samples of sea surface sediments from the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea areas, the Arctic Pole. The analysis result indicates that C37:3 methylketone is predominate in the long-chain alkenones from the Chukchi and Bering Sea sediments. The abundance of C37 to C39 unsaturated alkenones changes in an order of C37 > C38 > C39. Based on C37 /C38 ratio, the detected organism precursors of the long-chain alkenones are mainly coccolithophrid (Emiliania huxleyi). By the calibration relationship between U37k and U37k indices, the sea surface paleotemperature in these seas is estimated. The estimated values of U37k vary from 4.147℃ to 5.706℃ , with a mean value of 5.092℃.

Radiometric Zircon Ages of a Tuff Sample from the Baishantou Member of Wuyun Formation,Jiayin:A Contribution to the Search for the K-T Boundary in Heilongjian River Area,China

The existence of the Cretaceous-Tertiary （K/T） boundary in the non-marine succession is expected at Jiayin in the Heilongjiang River area, China. Zircons from a tuff sample from the Baishantou Member of Wuyun Formation in Jiayin were analyzed by the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （LA-ICP-MS） U-Pb dating and fission-track dating methods. Ages of 64.1±0.7 Ma （U-Pb） and 61.7±1.8 Ma （fission-track dating） were obtained, which allow reevaluation of a previously reported late Maastrichian age for the tuff layer that was in conflict with the paleontological evidence. These results confirm the Danian age of the section in agreement with the paleontological evidence.

U–Pb zircon age of the base of the Ediacaran System at the southern margin of the Qinling Orogen

Global abrupt climate change from Marinoan snowball Earth to greenhouse Earth, recorded as cap carbonate overlain on diamictite, had shed the first light on Cambrian bio-radiation. The most documented cap carbonate sections are typical with comprehensive d13 C negative values and ubiquitous sedimentary structures, such as tepee-like, sheet-crack etc., which are associated with successive glacial eustatic variation caused by isostatic rebound in shallow-water facies. Here we report a deepwater basinal cap carbonate section with strong negative δ^(13) C values in the southern margin of the Qinling Orogen,Heyu, Chengkou County, Chongqing in China, which consists of massive dolostone with abundant carbonaceous laminae. However, it lacks the sedimentary structure as mentioned above and is overlain by thin-bedded silicious shales and cherts. A K-bentonite bed was discovered within the base of cap carbonates, about 0.7 m above the top of the Marinoan diamictite. Magmatic zircons that were separated from the K-bentonite bed yield a SIMS concordia U–Pb age of 634.1 ± 1.9 Ma(1 r, MSWDCE= 0.31,ProbabilityCE= 1.000, n = 20). The age is in good agreement with previously reported TIMS U–Pb ages for the termination of Marinoan glaciation and provides ageochronological constraint for the Ediacaran successions in the Qinling Orogen.

Prospect Analysis of the United States' Crude Oil Exports to the Asia-Pacific Region

At the end of 2015, the United States lifted a 40-year ban on crude oil exports, which has far-reaching implications for the global crude oil market and crude oil trade patterns. Since the release of crude oil exports, with the recovery of crude oil production and improved export infrastructure in the United States, U.S. crude oil exports have been growing rapidly, with an average of about one million barrels/day in 2017, making the U.S one of the major global crude oil exporters. Currently, the AsiaPacific region has replaced North America as the first major destination for U.S. crude oil exports. In light of future trends in the oil refining industry of the Asia-Pacific region, it will usher in a new wave of refinery operations around 2020 and crude oil imports will continue to grow rapidly. The American region, represented by the United States, will replace West Africa as the second largest source of crude oil imports to the Asia-Pacific region, and that energy trade cooperation between the Asia-Pacific region and the United States will continue to grow. In particular, for China, the United States will become an important source of crude oil imports for our country in the future, and the two countries will shift from the past of energy competition to energy cooperation. Sino-US energy trade will play a more active role in economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.

The Bridge Between China and the U.K.

AT the 13th Confucius Institute Conference held in Chengdu,capital of southwest China’s Sichuan Province,Professor Sir Keith Burnett,former president and vice chancellor of the University of Sheffield and a member of the Council of Confucius Institute Headquarters,told China Today his experience with China and Chinese people.

Effect of Vitamin K1 on Cell Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis on the U937 Cell Line

This experiment was conducted in order to verify the role of Vitamin K1 as a cell growth inhibitor on the U937 cell line. This experiment was performed in two parts—one with a lesser concentration of Vitamin K1, and the other with a range of concentrations from low-to-high. Through the remaining number of U937 cells, as well as cell areas, it was concluded that the presence of Vitamin K1 reduces the number of cancer cells. It was also concluded that as Vitamin K1 concentration increases, so does the frequency and effects of apoptosis.

CPT-Based estimation of undrained shear strength of fine-grained soils in the Huanghe River Delta

The Huanghe River(Yellow River)Delta has a wide distribution of fine-grained soils.Fluvial alluviation,erosion,and wave loads affect the shoal area,resulting complex physical and mechanical properties to sensitive finegrained soil located at the river-sea boundary.The cone penetration test(CPT)is a convenient and effective in situ testing method which can accurately identify various soil parameters.Studies on undrained shear strength only roughly determine the fine content(FC)without making the FC effect clear.We studied four stations formed in different the Huanghe River Delta periods.We conducted in situ CPT and corresponding laboratory tests,examined the fine content influence on undrained shear strength(S_(u)),and determined the cone coefficient(N_(k)).The conclusions are as follows.(1)The fine content in the area exceeded 90%,and the silt content was high,accounting for more than 70%of all fine particle compositions.(2)The undrained shear strength gradually increased with depth with a maximum of approximately 250 kPa.When the silt content was lower than 60%–70%,the undrained shear strength decreased.(3)The silt and clay content influenced undrained shear strength,and the fitted f_(s)h/q_(t) function model was established,which could be applied to strata with a high fine content.The cone coefficients were between 20 and 25,and the overconsolidated soil layer had a greater cone coefficient.

你知道the u.k的确切含义吗？

不少同学认为the U．k；Great Britain，England，the British CommonweMth以及the British Isles都是同一含义——英国。其实不然，严格地说，它们都各有自己的确切含义。

Sea surface temperature evolution in the Yellow Sea Warm Current pathway and its teleconnection with high and low latitude forcing during the mid-late Holocene

Sea surface temperature(SST)in the Yellow Sea Warm Current(YSWC)pathway is sensitive to the East Asian Winter Monsoon(EAWM)and YSWC.However,the role of the YSWC in the evolution of regional SST remains unclear.Here,we present new U 37 k′based SST and grain size sequences spanning the last 6092 years in the sediment core Z1,which was retrieved from the central Yellow Sea muddy area.Overall,U 37 k′-SST gradually increased since 6.1 ka BP,with a series of centennial-scale fl uctuations.Its variation was mainly caused by EAWM when YSWC was weak between 6.1 and~3.9 ka BP,as shown by the end-member content of grain size.However,after YSWC was fully developed,i.e.,since~3.9 ka BP,it exerted critical eff ects on SST evolution in its pathway.The 1010-and 538-year cycles of the SST sequence indicated a basic control of solar activity on the oceanic conditions in the Yellow Sea.It is suggested that the variation of total solar irradiance was amplifi ed by thermohaline circulation and then transmitted to the Yellow Sea through the EAWM.Meanwhile,the tropical Pacifi c signal of El Niño was transmitted to the YSWC through the Kuroshio Current.The dual properties of warm water transported by YSWC to compensate the EAWM and driving by Kuroshio Current closely linked the variation of SST in the YSWC pathway to the Northern Hemisphere high latitude climate and the tropical Pacifi c.These fi ndings highlight the signifi cance of YSWC on regional SST evolution and its teleconnection to high and low latitude forcing,which grains a better understanding of the long-term evolution of SST in the middle latitude Yellow Sea.

CAS Scientist Engaged as Chancellor of a U.K. University

Prof. Yang Fujia, a nuclearphysicist and educator, hasbeen elected as the Chancel-lor of the University of Nottingham,in the U.K. the first Chinese scholarto hold such a position in a Britishacademic institution, according tothe University’s public affairs office. "I feel privileged," said Prof.Yang. "And it is also an honor

Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Wildlife Road Mortality in Golestan National Park-North East of Iran

Nowadays, wildlife road mortality is acknowledged as a main source of threatening long-term survival of wildlife. This paper as the first to analysis wild life vehicle collisions in Iran, aims to reconstruct and interpret the spatio-temporal patterns of WVCs on Asiaei highway in Golestan National Park (GNP). With the collaboration of environmental protection department of GNP, we identified about 1900 WVC Records involving 34 different species of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians between 2004 and 2013. Mammals were involved in more than 50% of overall WVCs, among which wild boar (Sus scrofa), Golden Jackal (Canis aureus), Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor), stone marten (Martes foina) and porcupine (Hystrix indica) were involved in more than 90% of mammals’ mortalities;So, we focused on analyzing spatio-temporal pattern of vehicle collisions of these six mammal species. During the study period, these species have undergone 95% increase in road mortalities, averagely. Detailed temporal analyses exhibited an increasing trend of road mortalities from spring to summer and then a reducing one to late winter. It was shown that a large number of collisions occurred in holiday periods when recreational trips considerably increased the traffic volume of Asiaei highway. Preliminary inspection of spatial patterns using Kernel density analysis revealed six collision hotspots, mostly located in the road bends with densely forested land cover on both sides;the promenades along the road seemed to play a significant role too. Scale dependency analyses of collision patterns, demonstrated clustering pattern at micro scales less than 10 km, randomness at meso scales 10 - 20 km and both regularity and clustering at macro scales more than 20 km. This paper suggests that road mortality of common species in GNP is a momentous issue, which needs to be considered by relevant governmental and public organizations. We also emphasize that the analyses of spatial and temporal patterns of WVCs are fundamentals to plan for mitigate wildlife road mortality.

Utilizing Bayesian Modeling and MCMC for Accurate Characterization of Naturally Occurring Radionuclides Reference Background Levels in Mining Areas

Statistical biases may be introduced by imprecisely quantifying background radiation reference levels. It is, therefore, imperative to devise a simple, adaptable approach for precisely describing the reference background levels of naturally occurring radionuclides (NOR) in mining sites. As a substitute statistical method, we suggest using Bayesian modeling in this work to examine the spatial distribution of NOR. For naturally occurring gamma-induced radionuclides like 232Th, 40K, and 238U, statistical parameters are inferred using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. After obtaining an accurate subsample using bootstrapping, we exclude any possible outliers that fall outside of the Highest Density Interval (HDI). We use MCMC to build a Bayesian model with the resampled data and make predictions about the posterior distribution of radionuclides produced by gamma irradiation. This method offers a strong and dependable way to describe NOR reference background values, which is important for managing and evaluating radiation risks in mining contexts.

基于VOF的量水槽流场数值模拟

利用Fluent软件,采用VOF方法与标准k-ε紊流模型相耦合,对U型渠道平底抛物线形无喉段量水槽的流场进行三维数值模拟。通过建立不同渠槽模型,分析不同流量工况下沿程水面线及速度场分布,将数值模拟结果与实测结果、公式计算结果进行对比,结果表明,模拟值与实测值、公式计算值吻合较好。并应用该数值模拟方法对量水槽的流量公式进行了检验,为提高其测流精度提供一定的参考依据,为该量水槽结构设计与优化提供了新的思路。

基于SIFT、K-means和BOF的鞋底痕迹检索

随着计算机技术的迅猛发展,图像处理在不同领域中发挥了重要作用。在刑侦方面,实现鞋印的信息化检索,对侦破串并案件有着重要的意义,使用K-means聚类算法对SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transformation)的特征向量矩阵进行聚类,构建鞋底痕迹花纹图像视觉特征包,根据余弦相似定理排序得出结论。实验结果表明,该算法对于鞋底痕迹花纹图像检索具有较高查准率,并且对于残缺的鞋底痕迹花纹图像具有较强的抗变换性。

REE geochemistry of auriferous quartz carbonate veins of Neoarchean Ajjanahalli gold deposit,Chitradurga schist belt,Dharwar Craton,India

REE composition of the carbonates of the auriferous quartz carbonate veins（QCVs） of the Neoarchean Ajjanahalli gold deposit.Chitradurga schist belt.Dharwar Craton,is characterized by U-shaped chondrite normalized REE patterns with both LREE and HREE enrichment and a distinct positive Eu anomaly.As positive Eu anomaly is associated with low oxygen fugacity,we propose that the auriferous fluids responsible for gold mineralization at Ajjanahalli could be from an oxygen depleted fluid.The observed positive Eu anomaly is interpreted to suggest the derivation of the auriferous fluids from a mantle reservoir.The location of Ajjanahalli gold deposit in a crustal scale shear zone is consistent with this interpretation.

Global health education in U.K. universities

Background:The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has led to a paradigm shift in global health,casting a previously niche academic discipline into a headline dominating field of research.However,accurate information on the delivery of global health education(GHE)at a university level is lacking.This study aims to assess current GIIE practices in U.K.universities,by identifying the availability of dedicated global health qualifications,as well as the breadth of inclusion of GHE topics across university course content.Methods:Universities selected were the top 25 recipients of MRC funding in 2015-2016,as well as universi­ties who were included in previous iterations of the“Global Health League Table”.We used the Consortium of Universities for Global Health“GHE Competencies Toolkit”to identify the presence of global health content across university global health and other course offerings.Universities were additionally judged on opportunities available in global health and on the presence of sustainable partnerships.Results:Our results showed that 20 universities(74%)offer a post-graduate global health related course,with 9(33%)offering an undergraduate global health related course.13(48%)were identified as centers of global health excellence.Just 12(44%)universities had registered sustainable partnerships with Tropical Health and Education Trust.The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine was identified as the top deliverer of GHE,with the Universities of Leicester and the Universities of Exeter joint bottom.We were unable to standardize quality assessments in this iteration of the project,but the release of student feedback to future assessors would help to improve the reliability of this study methodology.Additionally,much of our data was based on information available online,and thus some aspects of degree courses not published publicly may not have been accounted for in our scoring.Conclusion:Those institutions wishing to improve their delivery of GHE should consider the establishment of a postgraduate or undergraduate degree course.Breadth of global health content across curricular was a major discriminating factor between institutions,and we would advise universities to consider including more global health topics across their curricular-especially in light of the intersectional impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

基于EBRCG的API结构模式信息增强方法研究

针对API调用模式缺乏结构信息及结果高冗余等问题,提出了基于扩展的分支保留调用图(the Extended Branch-Reserving Call Graph,EBRCG)的API结构模式信息增强方法。以Java开源项目源代码为研究对象,使用EBRCG来表示Java类的方法的结构信息,在EBRCG中,同时考虑了API调用语句、分支语句(将if语句和所有循环语句视为分支语句)、switch-case多分支语句、异常语句等,并提出了EBRCG裁剪算法来获取特定API调用模式的代码结构。同时,采用聚类和排序的方法对API调用模式的多个代码结构信息进行筛选,最终选择具有代表性的API调用模式的代码结构。为验证该方法的效果,将该方法与TextRank方法进行了3组实验比较。结果显示,该方法能有效地获取API调用模式的代码结构,相比TextRank方法能更准确地描述API的使用,有一定的研究意义,并为软件开发人员提供了参考。

朴素贝叶斯下新型建筑室内空调瞬态能耗预测

新型建筑通常具有较为复杂的结构,使得室内空调系统的能耗受到如建筑朝向、室内人员活动以及设备使用情况等因素影响,导致无法精准预测空调能耗。为此,提出新型建筑室内空调瞬态能耗朴素贝叶斯预测方法。采用K均值聚类(K-means clustering,K-Means)算法将新型建筑室内空调划分为除湿模式、制冷模式、通风模式、制热模式和自动模式,并分析影响空调瞬态能耗的因素,建立朴素贝叶斯预测模型,剔除空调瞬态能耗异常数据,输入至朴素贝叶斯预测模型中,实现新型建筑室内空调的瞬态能耗预测。仿真结果表明,所提方法可有效完成不同模式和运行时间下的瞬态能耗预测,与实际能耗之间的偏离程度较低,期望误差仅为2.31%,变异系数为4.76%,预测误差小。