Regional Geochemical Characteristics and Influence Factors of Soil Elements in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China

Soil heavy metal pollution is one of the main environmental problems in Pearl River Delta Economic?Zone of China. Based on multi-purpose regional geochemical survey, regional eco-geochemical assessment, local eco-geochemical assessment and comprehensive appraisal, the eco-geochemical survey and assessment in Pearl River Delta Economic Zone of 41,698 km2?were completed. Samples from soils were collected in accordance with the two-layer grid method. Totally 54 elements and indicators for soils were determined. Compared to deep soils, the sampled surface soils are enriched in OrgC, N, P, Cd, S,Hg, Ag, B, Au, S and poor with As, Ni, I, Co, Cr, V, MgO, Sc, Al2O3, Fe2O3?etc. The characteristics of geochemical reference value of element in soil that inherited soil parent material and regional elements combined features reflected that the elements enriched in the soil was interrelated with acid rock, sandstone and shale. The spatial distribution characteristics of element regional geochemistry were conditional by regional environmental geological conditions,and effected by human activities. The Pearl River Delta plain is a typical geochemical landscape area with regional anomaly of multiple-elements. The north, western and eastern parts of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone are quite different in geochemical features due to regional geological background, soil parent materials, geomorphic characteristics and human activities. Environment quality evaluation results show that the grade I and grade II soil accounted for 19.9% and 57.3% of the total area. Many samples that widely distributed in the economic developed of Pearl River Delta Plain area reached the third-grade of national soil environment standard. The soil enriched in Cd, Hg, As, and the area ratio accounting for 22.8% of the total area. It is mainly controlled by the geochemical background, the Pearl River Delta formation evolution process, especially the marine transgression process lead to Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb enrichment in Pearl River Delta plain. At the same time, under the influence of higher pressure of human activities, all kinds of exogenous input material carrying heavy metal pollutants on soil environmental quality also could not to ignore.

Distributional characteristics and sources of elements in soil from typical area of Pearl River Delta economic zone, Guangdong Province, China

Dongguan City, located in the Pearl River Delta economic zone of China, is famous for its rapid developing township-enterprises in the past 30 years. A total of 759 composite soil samples, including 606 surface soil samples and 153 deep soil samples, have been collected in the city. These samples have been analyzed for 13elements(Al, As, Cu, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si,and Zn) and other parameters(p H values and organic matter) to evaluate the influence of anthropic activities on the soil environmental quality and to identify the spatial distribution of heavy metals and their possible sources. The results indicate that the average concentrations of heavy metals in soil were significantly lower than the threshold of the second grade of the Soil Environment Quality Standard in China(GB15618-1995) and the soil environmental quality in this area is comparatively good. But in comparison with local soil geochemical baseline values, As,Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn have accumulated remarkably.Specifically, the average concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, and Hg in the small part samples of the west plain and central areas are higher than the national second-grade quality standard, indicating some level of contamination. Multivariate and geostatistical methods have been applied to differentiate the influences of natural processes and human activities on the concentration of heavy metals in surface soils in the study area. Cluster and factor analyses result in the grouping of Al, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Si into factor F1; Co, Mn, Pb, and Zn into F2; and Cd and Hg into F3.The spatial pattern of the three factors may be well demonstrated by geostatistical analysis. It is shown that the first factor could be considered as a natural source controlled by parent material. The second factor could be referred to as ‘‘industrial and traffic pollution sources' '. The source of the third factor is mainly controlled by long-term anthropic activities, including agricultural activities, fossil fuel consumption, and atmospheric deposition.

The Middle-aged and Knowledge Workers: Demographic and Economic Changes in the Pearl River Delta, China

Demographic and economic development can be seen as two sides of one coin in the process of regional development.This article deals with how economic and demographic changes influence the settlement structure and development of the Pearl River Delta(PRD)and lead to regionalization processes within the large agglomerations.The aim of the study was to understand the interrelation between the three aspects:economic change,demographic change and change of spatial structures.Based on population age and occupational data,spatial changes in demographic structure and economic activities from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed.It was found that the demographic and economic change reflected changing spatial patterns between the urban centers and the hinterland in the PRD.Two processes were apparent during the studied period in the hinterlands and the high-density areas of the PRD.On one hand,the hinterlands in the PRD attracted more manufacturing activities,while the inner high-density areas experienced a decrease in manufacturing,associated with an increase in young labor in regions where workplaces that only required limited education expanded.On the other hand,specialization in knowledge-intensive business services increased in the inner high-density areas,which also saw an increased share in the older population.This finding suggests that increasing knowledge-intensive work correlates with higher age structures due to the longer formal education required and also the benefits knowledge workers accrue through experience and gained knowledge over time.Therefore,based on a transformation process,we tentatively conclude that the populations in high-density areas in the PRD became more middle-aged and were represented by more knowledge workers.

Annual Fluxes of Heavy Metal Elements in Atmospheric Dry and Wet Depositions in the Pearl River Delta Economic Region, Guangdong Province

There are 158 sampling points to be set up in the Pearl River delta economic region. The collecting period is mostly one year, namely, from July 2007 to July 2008. The eight heavy metal elements of Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Hg, and Cd in 474 dry and wet deposition samples were tested in terms of the standard procedures. Their average annual fluxes have no obvious difference between dry deposition and wet deposition. So these elements might be at an equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium state between dry deposition and wet deposition.

Measuring coordination of economy-society and resource-environment based on major function oriented zoning: a case study of Pearl River Delta

A reasonable coordination degree assessment of the social-economic development level and the resource-environment quality level are essential to ident the key factory of the development, and vital to determine the appropriate development strategy and achieve sustainable development. The major function oriented zoning plays a role in spatial coordination mainly＇ by spatial guidance and restriction, so. the proposal of major function oriented zoning gives a new train of thought to generate a coordination evaluation of economy-society and the resource-environment system, From the view of major function oriented zoning that considers resource environmental bearing capacity, existing development density and development potential, this paper constructs an index system and model of coordination evahtation with a case study on Pearl River Delta. The results have shown： （I） It can reveal the conflicts of economic-social development and resource-environment quality to ac- curately consider resource environmental bearing capacity, existing development densio~ and development po- tential; （2） The coordination degree between social-economy system and resource-environment system in Pearl River Delta continued to decline in the past 10 years. The spatial extent of coordination evoh,es.from coordina- tion in the whole Pearl River Delta to imbalance in the core areas, and at present, the uncoordinated areas have already diffused from core areas to the outlying regions： （3） Most regions of the Pearl River Delta are in uncoordinated condition When considering the coordination degree of economic-social development and resollrceenvironment quality, not as coordinated as some scholars considered.

Long-term trends of fine particulate matter and chemical composition in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone （PRDEZ）, China

Understanding essential for formulating the trends in PM2.5 levels is clean air plans. This paper analyzes PM2.5 data from various published sources for the years 2000 to 2010 in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone （PRDEZ）. The long-term variation in PM2.5 mass concentration is analyzed. Results show that PM2.5, organic carbon （OC）, elemental carbon （EC）, and SO24 show a similar trend, increasing before 2005 and then decreasing slightly. The annual average PM2.5 concentra- tion ranges from 49.1 μg·m-3 in 2000 to 64.3 μg·m-3 in 2010, with a peak of 84.1 μg· m3 in 2004. None of these 11 years meets the new National Ambient Air Quality standard （NAAQS） for PM2.5 （35 μg· m-3）. Overall average concentrations of OC, EC, and SO2/4 are 13.0, 6.5, and 11.8μg·m-3, respectively. NO3 and NH＋ respectively have concentrations of 1.5 μg·m-3 and 2.9 μg·m-3 in 2000 and 6.4 μg·m 3 and 5.3μg·m-3 in 2010, with a statistically significant average annual trend of＋ 0.2 μg·m-3 ·yr-1 and ＋ 0.1 μg· m-3. yr-1. In certain geographic regions, OC and EC contribute most of the PM2.5, while in other regions secondary water-soluble ions are more important. In general, OC and SO2/4- are the dominant components of PM2.5, contributing 20.6% and 18.6%, respectively. These results provide, for the first time, a better understanding of the long-term PM2.5 characteristics and trends, on a species-by-species basis, in the PRDEZ. The results indicate that PM2.5 abatement needs to prioritize secondary species.

Urban shrinkage and growth: Measurement and determinants of economic resilience in the Pearl River Delta

In the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008, China witnessed gradual shrinkage of cities in the Pearl River Delta(PRD). In this study, we introduce the concept of economic resilience to analyse urban growth and shrinkage in the context of a rapidly-urbanising region. Multiple regression analysis is performed to explore the determinants of economic resilience in the PRD. By measuring resistance in the shrinking phase and recoverability in the growing phase in a group of cities in the PRD, this study distinguishes four scenarios and investigates their characteristics from a spatial perspective. The results demonstrate that the financial crisis had a severe and asymmetric influence on this area, indicating more than 15% of cities are faced with shrinking. The spatial distribution of economic resilience indicates a centre-periphery pattern, that is, high economic resilience in the inner ring and low economic resilience in the outer ring of the PRD. The service economy is found to play a significant role in promoting urban economic resilience. Results imply that sound economic policies for enhancing resilience: both poor local financial status and a high degree of export concentration adversely impact resistance, while upgrading the manufacturing economy and stimulating of industrial innovation are conducive to improve recoverability.

基于改进三维生态足迹模型的珠江—西江经济带生态补偿价值测度及分区研究

生态补偿机制构建难点在于厘清补偿主客体、评估补偿优先时序及精准测算补偿标准,构建科学有效的生态补偿机制有助于流域上下游生态保护责任合理分配。本文以珠江—西江经济带地级市为研究单元,将改进三维生态足迹模型与生态系统服务价值估算相结合,测度2005—2020年各市生态补偿价值与标准,引入生态补偿优先级,最终划定优先支付、潜力支付、平衡、潜力受偿及优先受偿5类分区。结果表明:1)2020年经济带生态补偿赤字为288.09亿元,广州支付价值最高为185.14亿元,人均生态补偿标准为987.92元,仅崇左获生态补偿,受偿价值为0.68亿元,人均受偿标准为32.62元。2)广州、佛山与南宁长期为优先支付区;崇左长期为优先受偿区;肇庆、柳州及百色近年转为潜力支付区;来宾、贵港、梧州与云浮为平衡区;经济带优先受偿区与潜力受偿区逐步转为优先支付区、潜力支付区与平衡区。3)广州、佛山及南宁应率先支付生态补偿平衡经济带区际生态保护责任,协调区际生态保护共治关系;应优先给予崇左生态补偿以实现生态保护受益,获得生态环境治理的经济支持。

长三角地区传统村落空间分布及其影响因素研究

以长三角地区41个地市2012-2022年间评选的1255个传统村落为研究对象,采用核密度分析、标准差椭圆和随机森林回归等方法,分析传统村落空间演化规律及影响因素。研究结果表明:长三角地区传统村落空间分布不均衡,在苏浙皖交界处分布集中,形成了西北-东南方向的空间分布格局;少数民族人口比例对传统村落密度的正向影响最为明显,路网密度、人口密度、农业生产总值、城镇化率、财政支出和游客周转量等影响因子与传统村落密度间大多表现为负向关系;从影响因素来看,长三角地区传统村落的形成演化是地理条件、社会经济和历史文化交互耦合作用的结果。该研究能为长三角地区传统村落保护与开发和乡村振兴发展提供科学依据和理论参考。

基于企业组织关系的珠三角城市群数字经济关联格局研究

运用连锁网络模型和社会网络分析法,基于数字经济上市企业总部-分支机构数据构建网络,分析2005—2020年珠三角城市群数字经济关联格局。结果显示:1) 2005—2020年珠三角城市群数字经济上市企业数量增长迅猛,企业跨城市联系增强,深圳、广州是数字经济发展的引擎和关联网络的控制中心。2)城市群整体关联结构从2005年的广-珠-深及连线城市组成的单三角形转变为2020年的广-佛-深和广-珠-深及连线城市组成的双三角形,网络密度提升,不对称性减弱,由单区域中心向多区域中心转变。3)分行业看,数字经济发展的行业间差距明显,信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业的网络联系最强,金融业最弱,制造业居中,深圳、广州双核心地位凸显,肇庆、江门位于网络边缘。4)推动城市群数字经济持续健康发展,需进一步增强城市间数字经济合作,更好地发挥核心城市的辐射带动作用,完善边缘城市的数字经济发展政策和基础设施;在细分行业上统筹规划行业布局,促进各行业均衡发展,形成数字经济发展合力。

珠三角地区生态系统服务簇权衡/协同网络及非线性阈值效应

非线性关系研究是理解生态系统及其与人类活动之间复杂交互作用机理的重要基础。综合运用InVEST、自组织映射神经网络、地理加权回归和限制性立方样条回归模型,刻画珠三角地区生态系统服务簇空间格局,明确不同服务簇中权衡/协同网络结构和非线性阈值特征,并据此提出差异化生态管控建议。结果表明:1)珠三角地区生态系统服务簇分5种类型,由中部向四周呈圈层分布:都市生态型-生态匮乏型-农业生态型-生态降温型-生态保育型;2)不同服务簇的权衡/协同网络中,碳储存与城市降温维持较稳定的协同关联,其他服务之间则存在明显差异;3)不同服务簇的非线性阈值效应中,生态保育型和生态匮乏型最强,农业生态型和生态降温型次之,都市生态型最弱。建议基于关键阈值划定差异化的重点管控区,并结合各服务簇内部关联机理制定针对性的分区管控策略。

珠江-西江经济带耕地集约利用与生态安全协调发展研究

协调好耕地集约利用与耕地生态安全之间的关系,是实现耕地可持续利用的必然选择。本研究通过构建珠江-西江经济带耕地集约利用与生态安全协调发展评价指标体系,分析2011-2020年珠江-西江经济带11个市的耕地集约利用与生态安全协调发展情况。研究表明,在时间上,珠江-西江经济带的耕地集约利用和生态安全协调发展度总体上呈逐年上升趋势,但广东段有3个市呈波动下降趋势,广西段各市均达到勉强协调发展和初级协调发展;在空间上,珠江-西江经济带各市的协调发展度存在着明显的地区性差异。研究结果可为珠江-西江经济带各市提高耕地集约利用水平、耕地集约利用与生态安全协调发展提供参考和新的发展思路。

经济一体化对韶关市经济转型发展的实证研究

韶关市地处粤北欠发达地区,通过积极融入泛珠三角经济一体化来促进自身发展。本文利用韶关市相关数据,对重要经济指标及其增长率进行了统计分析,并对粤北和广东省进行了对比研究。结果表明,得益于经济一体化战略,韶关市的经济从绝对数来看取得了长足发展,但从增长率来看发展则相对滞后。这说明经济一体化对欠发达城市具有双重效应,也给政府在政策设计和协同方面带来更大的挑战。

珠江三角洲经济区水资源可持续利用初步评价

在中国和世界上最活跃的经济区———珠江三角洲经济区各市社会经济发展预测的基础上 ,计算了该区各市 2 0 0 2年、2 0 1 0年和 2 0 2 0年各行业需水量和水资源供需平衡状况 ,提出了水资源质量损失系数和水资源承载力 (相对承载力 )指数等概念和计算方法 ,评价了各市水资源承载力的趋势 ,认为三角洲用水问题严重 ,尤其是东莞、深圳和广州 ,其水资源承载力较其他城市弱。并指出了工业结构性缺水、生活水质性缺水和工程性缺水等三大问题和矛盾 ,提出了建议水资源可持续利用的 3种模式 :外引型模式、外调型模式、内调型模式。研究认为 ,珠江三角洲经济区的水资源要得到合理的持续利用 ,应当有流域内部和跨流域的通力合作与协作 ,包括与邻区、邻省和港澳之间的合作与协作。除了供水之外 ,防洪、航运、压咸、发电等功能也不可忽视 ,用系统工程来解决水资源可持续利用问题是一个很好的途径。

珠江三角洲经济区可持续发展中的水环境问题

对珠江三角洲经济区水环境现状和污染源进行了分析 ,指出生活污染是当前最大的污染源 .首次提出了用于宏观评价水资源承载力和水环境可持续性的“水资源质量损失系数”、“水资源质量修复系数”和“水资源质量损失量”的概念及计算方法 ,据此预算了 2 0 0 2、2 0 10和 2 0 2 0年珠江三角洲经济区水资源净损失量分别达 0 95、1 41和 1 70亿m3 ,相当于该区约 73 4、10 1 4和 116 2万人口年生活用水总量 .各市现状水环境质量优劣排序是江门、肇庆、惠州、佛山、深圳、珠海、广州。

基于多元统计和傅立叶和谱分析的土壤重金属的来源解析及其风险评价

分析珠江三角洲腹地佛山顺德区208个蔬菜地表层土样Cu、Ni、Cr、As、Pb、Zn、Cd和Hg等8种重金属的全量,结果表明,8种重金属的平均浓度高于广东省土壤背景值。Cd和Hg的最高浓度和变异系数分别为6.54mg/kg、115%和4.82mg/kg、151%,暗示Cd和Hg的人为来源。多元统计与傅立叶和谱分析的结合,解释了Cr、Ni和Cu的自然来源,Pb、Zn、As、Cd和Hg的人为来源;傅立叶和谱分析进一步阐释了Zn与Cu的双重来源,并推断土壤Hg来源于大气沉降。研究区内大约21.7%的土壤受重金属污染,表明需要调整该区的农业生产活动。

珠江三角洲环境地质分区及其特征

依据珠江三角洲的地质环境及气候条件,结合地质环境质量及已知的主要地质灾害类型的组合和灾害的发育程度,建立数学模型,综合考虑环境质量及地质灾害分布的共同影响,对珠江三角洲的地质环境进行分区评价,把珠江三角洲划分为:Ⅰ、西部山地丘陵中灾害地质环境质量良好区,Ⅱ、东北部平原丘陵中灾区地质环境质量中等区,Ⅲ、中部三角洲平原弱灾害地质环境质量差区和Ⅳ、南部丘陵重灾害地质环境质量中等区四个区,并对每个分区的环境地质特征进行了阐述,为珠江三角洲的环境地质问题的预测和治理、合理开发和利用资源,对地质灾害的预报和预防以及社会经济发展提供服务。

鼎湖山自然保护区大气气溶胶中的PAHs

多环芳烃 (PAHs)是环境中分布广泛、危害人类健康的有机化合物 .通过对鼎湖山自然保护区自然地理和大气气溶胶中苯并 (a)芘分析认为 ,春季样品中大气气溶胶中PAHs主要来源于高等植物排放 ,夏季来源于珠江三角洲经济区化石燃烧排放 .

珠江三角洲经济区河水中微量元素的空间分布

在珠江三角洲经济区采集了29个河水样品,利用高分辨率仪器ICP MS测量了河水中微量元素的含量。结果表明,河水中稀土元素的平均含量按西江、北江、珠三角河、深圳河、东江的顺序呈增加趋势;珠三角河及深圳河具有较高重金属含量,西江和北江中重金属含量相对较低,东江居中。经分析发现,珠江三角洲经济区河水中微量元素的空间分布特征是自然条件和人类活动共同作用的结果;自然环境对稀土元素的空间分布起主要作用;人类活动是影响重金属分布特征不可忽视的重要因素。

长江三角洲经济区海域沉积物重金属分布特征及环境质量评价

基于长三角经济区1 871个近海海域表层沉积物地球化学分析数据,结合相关地质资料,阐述了该区海域沉积物重金属含量及分布规律。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物重金属平均含量:As为8.12×10-6、Cd为101.53×10-9、Cr为74.79×10-6、Cu为19.33×10-6、Hg为34.87×10-9、Pb为22.31×10-6、Zn为67.13×10-6;空间分布上,元素含量从象山到乐清沿岸普遍偏高,而最低含量区见于江苏海岸;以综合指数法进行环境质量评价结果显示,重污染区分布在长江口河道内,轻污染分布在长江口附近海域、宁波-温州附近海域,清洁区主要分布在苏北海域。