Russian architectural town-planning traditions and innovations in the Far East in the second half of the XIX-the beginning of the XX centuries

The establishment on the Far East of the orthodox Church and cultural stereotypes of the traditional Russian city occurred through active church building. The temples of the Far Eastern cities by its position in urban environment played a role of the basic exponents of the spiritual-state ideals of Russia. Ussumption cathedrals in Khabarovsk and Vladivostok, Nikolsky cathedral in Nikcolsk-Ussurisk, Shadrinsky cathedral in Blagoveshchensk, Saint-Nikolaevsky at Russiand iplomatic mission in Seoul and other orthodox temples of the last thirty years of the XIX-the beginning of the XX-th centuries inherited ancient Russian tradition and were designed in the Byzantian style, style of the Moscow XVII century architecture, in Russian style. The ideas of ″the orthodox, the autocracy and the nationality″ in town-planning are expressed also in devotions of temples and names of new settlements. For example, a large number of temples is devoted to Saint Nicholas. Only in the Primorye Territory they are about 20. Harbin’s Saint-Nikolaevsky cathedral also in a name Nicholas. Harbin’s the Sofia church is devoted to a great symbol Ancient Russia and Russian Empire - church of Saint Sofia in Constantinople. The general plans of settlements and cities of the Far East of the second half of the XIX and boundary XIX-XX centuries were realized by two leading directions of town-planning of Russia: the first is based on the norms of regular town-planning, the second is one connected with the realization of the city - garden concept. The priority remains for classicismical tradition. At the same time, the general plans of Harbin, Dairen realized the innovative idea of the time-the concept of city-garden. On the Russian Far East social town-planning ideas of the city -gardens in a certain measure were embodied in 1910-s in the project of Alexseevsk town; Anutovsky country settlement on Ocean station near Vladivostok, later it was officially named-Garden-City; in a settlement for the railway servicemen on Nikolskay station of the Ussuriskay railway and others. Russian architectural town-planning tradition was enriched by new understanding of the social and town-planning purposes, realized in cities of the Far East in the end of the XIX-the beginning of the XX centuries.

Geochronology and geochemistry of early Paleozoic intrusive rocks from the Khanka Massif of the Russian Far East

The Russian Far East and Northeast（NE）China are located in the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt（CAOB）,which consists of a series of micro-continental massifs including the Erguna,Xing’an,Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range,Bureya,Jiamusi,and Khanka massifs.The Khanka Massif is located in the easternmost part of the CAOB,mainly cropping out in the territory of Russia,with a small segment in NE China.To the north and west of the Khanka Massif are the Jiamusi and Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range massifs,respectively.The boundary between these massifs is marked by the Dunhua–Mishan Fault.To the south lies the North China Craton,and to the east is the Sikhote–Alin Orogenic Belt separated by the Arsenyev Fault.However,the early Paleozoic evolution and tectonic attributes of the Khanka Massif are debated.These conflicting ideas result from the lack of systematic research on early Paleozoic igneous rocks from the Russian part of the Khanka Massif.It is generally accepted that the CAOB represents the largest known Phanerozoic accretionary orogenic belt.However,questions remain concerning the nature of the deep crust beneath the Khanka Massif,and whether Precambrian crust exists within the massif itself. In this paper,we report new zircon U–Pb ages,Hf isotopic data,and major-and trace-element compositions of the early Paleozoic intrusive rocks from the Khanka Massif of the Russian Far East,with the aim of elucidating the early Paleozoic evolution and the tectonic attributes of the Khanka Massif,as well as the nature of the underlying deep crust. New U–Pb zircon data indicate that early Paleozoic magmatism within the Khanka Massif can be subdivided into at least four stages:;02 Ma,;92 Ma,462–445 Ma,and;30 Ma. The;02 Ma pyroxene diorites show negative Eu anomalies,and the;92 Ma syenogranites,intruding the;02 Ma diorites,show positive Eu anomalies.These observations indicate that the primary parental magmas of these rocks were derived from different origins. The 462–445 Ma magmatism is made up of syenogranites and tonalites.The;45 Ma Na-rich tonalites contain low REE concentrations,and are enriched in Eu and Sr.These observations,together with the positiveεHf（t）values,indicate that they were derived from magmas generated by partial melting of cumulate gabbros. The;30 Ma I-type granodiorites and monzogranites from the northern Khanka Massif,and the A-type monzogranites from the central Khanka Massif display zirconεHf（t）values ranging from–5.4 to+5.8.This suggests that they formed from magmas generated by partial melting of heterogeneous lower crustal material. Zircon Hf isotopic data reveal the existence of Precambrian crustal material within the Khanka Massif.The geochemistry of the Middle Cambrian intrusive rocks is indicative of formation in an extensional setting,while Late Cambrian–middle Silurian magmatism was generated in an active continental margin setting associated with the subduction of a paleo-oceanic plate beneath the Khanka Massif.Regional comparisons of the magmatic events indicate that the Khanka Massif has a tectonic affinity to the Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif rather than the Jiamusi Massif.

FAR3d程序对EAST上阿尔芬不稳定性识别过程中的应用

为更好理解EAST实验中的等离子体不稳定性现象,文章从实验和模拟两个角度,对EAST中高βN放电区间的阿尔芬不稳定性现象进行了分析。在实验上,本文使用高频磁探针和电子回旋辐射诊断对不稳定性的频率、位置、环向模数进行判断。在模拟上首次应用了FAR3d程序,识别了在ρ=0.45、频率为87 kHz的主导模式TAE(toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmode),以及ρ=0.55、频率为62 kHz的次主导模式EPM(energetic particle mode),环向模数均为2,与实验中的测量结果对比在误差范围内基本一致,自洽地识别了不稳定性的类型并且得到了位置与频率信息。在此基础上,对有限拉莫轨道(finite Larmor radius, FLR)效应进行评估。模拟结果显示,在EAST高βN放电区间,FLR效应对识别低环向模数n的不稳定性模式的影响较小。在该放电的模式的识别过程中可关闭FLR以加速计算。FAR3d程序高效的计算能力和精准的模拟结果,可为后续EAST的实验提供指导。

A Check-List of the Spiders (Araneae) of the Bolshekhekhtsyrski Nature Reserve,Khabarovsk Province,the Russian Far East

326 species of spiders belonging to 26 families are recorded from the Bolshekhekhtsyrski State Nature Reserve,of them 70 are new records for the reserve and six are new to the fauna of Russia:Asperthorax borealis Ono et Saito,2001; Cyclosa kumadai Tanikawa,1992; Cyclosa okumae Tanikawa,1992(earlier it was identified as C. argenteoalba Bosenberg et Strand,1906); Haplodrassus taepaikensis Paik,1992; Hypselistes fossilobus Fei et Zhu,1993; and Pachygnatha gaoi Zhu et al.,2003. The name Pronous minutus (S. Saito,1939) is synonymized with Pronoides brunneus Schenkel,1936. The male of H. taepaikensis is illustrated for the first time. Composition of the fauna is briefly discussed; 41% of the recorded species have their ranges confined to the SE Palaearctics. By its species diversity,the reserve's fauna is the second largest local fauna eastward of the Urals. An expected spider diversity of this reserve is likely to be over 400 species.

Close relationship between the East Asian westerly jet and Russian far East surface air temperature in summer

The interannual variability of the east asian upper-tropospheric westerly jet（EAJ） in summer is characterized by the meridional displacement of its axis, or a seesaw pattern of zonal wind anomalies between the northern and southern flanks of the EAJ. This study reveals a close relationship between the surface air temperature in the russian far east and the northern flank of the EAJ. Related to a warmer surface in the russian far east, the westerly decelerates in the northern flank of the EAJ. The relationship can be explained by a positive feedback mechanism between the surface air temperature in the russian far east and the overhead circulation： the anticyclonic circulation anomaly related to a weakened westerly in the northern flank of the EAJ induces surface warming in the russian far east and the warmer surface can in turn act as a heat source and induces a local anticyclonic circulation anomaly in the upper troposphere, therefore decelerating the westerly in the northern flank of the EAJ. The result implies that a better description of the summer surface condition in the russian far east may benefit seasonal forecasts of the EAJ and, subsequently, east asian summer climate.

Attack on the East——the status and management of biological invasions in China

Decades after ecologist realized the negative effects of species alien to local floras and faunas, and started investigating the effects of them, particularly those that cause invasions, governments started accepting the importance of this issue and biological invasions became a well-known environmental problem. In spite of this, not many countries have so far made a detailed assessment of their alien invasive species. The United Kingdom, USA, and other developed countries are in the lead but their economically less developed counterparts are lagging behind. Thus, it is surprising that whilst a freshly published report on the invasive alien species of South Africa was highlighted on the pages of Nature (Wild,2018), the extensive two- volume book on the invasive species of China, published by Springer in 2017, gained less attention.

BABYLONIAN INFLUENCE IN THE FAR EAST THROUGH THE BUDDHA AND MANI

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Sedimentological features and biostratigraphy of Jurassic/Cretaceous deposits in continental basins in Priamurie,Far East Russia

The paper describes the sedimentary features and biostratigraphy of the transitional Jurassic to Cretaceous deposits in the continental basins of Priamurie formed after the collision between the Siberian and North China blocks. In Upper Priamurie, the collision occurred in the late Early Jurassic as dated by the emplacement of the post-collisional granites （ 191 Ma）. While in Lower Priamurie and West Priokhotie it could take place in the late Middle Jurassic on the basis of fossil evidence from an aceretionary turbidite complex. This event reflected the environmental change from coastal-marine to alluvial plains, often boggy, where coals aecmnulated. The environinental change is in harmony with that of biota. Systematic study of floral and spores/pollen assemblages, particularly in the sections of interbedded marine and non-marine deposits, makes clear the chronostrati-graphic succession of floral associations and shows the possibility of their application for subdivision and correlation of the continental deposits of Priamurie. Tire coastal-marine environment of the residual post-collisional sublatitudinal basins in the uestern part of Priamurie （Upper Amur and Dep basins） was replaced by the continental in the late Middle Jurassic and in the eastern part in the Berriasian-Valanginian （Torom Basin）. Similar environmental change commenced in the submeridional rift basins： the Bureya Basin in the Callovian and the Partizansk Basin in the Hauterivian. Changes in ecosystems ocemTed frequently during the Middle Jurassic-Ne- ocomian, but the most substantial changes took place in the late Middle Jurassic and in the end of Late Jurassie.

Chemical and Isotopic Composition of Water and Gas Phases from Mukhen Spa (Far East of Russia)

This study presents new chemical and isotopic data on the two types of cold high pCO2 groundwaters located in the Mukhen deposit (Far East of Russia). The first type belongs to HCO3-Ca-Mg waters with a relatively low TDS (up to 1.7 g/l) and high concentrations of Fe2+, Mn2+, Ba2+, and SiO2. The second type is of HCO3-Na water with high TDS (up to 14 g/l) and elevated Li+, B, Sr2+, Br?, and I?. New isotopic data of water (δ18O, δD and 3H) and gas (δ13CTIC) phases along with a detailed geological and hydrogeological investigation of the study area allowed identifying genesis of both the mineral waters. The residence time of groundwaters were calculated as well. It was established that the origin of the high pCO2 groundwaters was caused by active faulting and CO2 venting in the subsurface zone.

Using bioacoustic tools to clarify species delimitation within the Blakiston's Fish Owl(Bubo blakistoni)complex

Although Blakiston’s Fish Owl(Bubo blakistoni) is widely treated as a single species,marked differences in the structure of pair duets between continental and insular populations have been documented.However,no study has quantitatively assessed these vocal differences.We obtained 192 duets from 22 pairs of Blakiston’s Fish Owl:15 pairs of B.b.blakistoni from the Japanese island of Hokkaido and the Russian Kuril island of Kunashir,and seven pairs of B.b.doerresi from Primorye on the Russian mainland.This is a sizeable dataset for such a large,retiring,and rare owl.We conducted bioacoustic examinations of 14 vocal parameters using principal component analysis and the Isler criterion to quantitatively test species boundaries within the B.blakistoni complex.We found that the insular populations on Hokkaido and Kunashir emerged as vocally similar to each other but markedly different from the continental populations of B.blakistoni,corresponding closely with presently accepted subspecies limits.Bioacoustic differences in the duets of the insular and continental groups are greater than the pairwise comparisons of territorial vocalisations between other sympatric owl species.Based on the reproductive importance of vocal duets in owl biology,we propose the taxonomic elevation of the continental subspecies to species level as Northern Fish Owl B.doerriesi.Our study corroborates the importance of bioacoustics in ascertaining species boundaries in owls and has important implications for the management of the two newly delimited species,each likely to be assessed as Endangered.Both species should be managed independently to optimise conservation outcomes.

Chang’e-4 Probe Soft-Lands on Moon’s Far Side

China’s Chang’e-4 probe touched down on the far side of the moon on January 3,the first spacecraft soft-landing on the moon’s uncharted side never visible from Earth.The probe,comprising a lander and a rover,landed at the preselected landing area at 177.6 degrees east longitude and 45.5 degrees south latitude on the far side of the moon at 10:26 a.m.Beijing time,the China National Space Administration announced.The far side of the moon has never been closely observed before.Therefore,getting first-hand information about the terrain and lunar soil components,as well as other scientific data,will help enrich human understanding of the moon.

Witte Far East Pie.Ltd.测量装置上的组合式立柱

这种测量装置由8根带有专用模块调节元件的支撑式立柱组成．立柱采用高强度铝材制成，只要对专用模块调节元件作手动调节．就可单独地设置定位并支撑车间内不同的部件。由Witte Far East Pie.Ltd.生产的立柱安装在铝制基板上，

A comparison of food habits and prey preference of Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)at three sites in the Russian Far East

Prey availability is one of the principal drivers of tiger distribution and abundance.Therefore,formulating effective conservation strategies requires a clear understanding of tiger diet.We used scat analysis in combination with data on the abundance of several prey species to estimate Amur tiger diet and preference at 3 sites in the Russian Far East.We also examined the effect of pseudoreplication on estimates of tiger diet.We collected 770 scats across the 3 sites.Similar to previous studies,we found that tigers primarily preyed on medium to large ungulates,with wild boar,roe,sika and red deer collectively comprising 86.7%of total biomass consumed on average.According to Jacobs’index,tigers preferred wild boar,and avoided sika deer.Variation in preference indices derived from these scat analyses compared to indices derived from kill data appear to be due to adjustments in biomass intake when sex–age of a killed individual is known:a component missing from scat data.Pseudoreplication(multiple samples collected from a single kill site)also skewed results derived from scat analyses.Scat analysis still appears useful in providing insight into the diets of carnivores when the full spectrum of prey species needs to be identified,or when sample sizes from kill data are not sufficient.When sample sizes of kill data are large(as is now possible with GPS-collared animals),kill data adjusted by sex–age categories probably provides the most accurate estimates of prey biomass composition.Our results provide further confirmation of the centrality of medium ungulates,in particular wild boar,to Amur tiger diet,and suggest that the protection of this group of species is critical to Amur tiger conservation.

苏联远东中国高级列宁学校的建立及其影响

联共(布)为加速中国共产党的成长和壮大,20世纪20年代至30年代末在苏联海参崴建立了中国高级列宁学校。该校是联系联共(布)与中共关系的重要平台,其历史使命是为中国革命培养具有较高文化知识、政治立场坚定、经得起考验的党员、团员和积极分子,其目标还包括提高远东地区华侨华人的文化素质,加强对华工的管理,进而促进苏联社会主义建设时期的经济文化建设。

新时代辽宁省与俄罗斯远东地区开展海洋合作研究

新时代以来,中俄关系达到了历史新高度,两国之间的合作交流也深入到海洋方面。中国辽宁和俄罗斯远东地区是东北亚区域的重要沿海地带,两地区之间开展海洋合作有利于海洋经济发展、东北亚海域安全和海洋生态环境治理。但双方海洋合作也面临着东北亚国际局势不稳定、双方基础设施互联互通水平不高、双方海洋产业有待优化、缺少有效法律制度保障等问题,阻碍了双方海洋合作的进一步发展。因此,辽宁省在与俄罗斯远东开展海洋合作时,应把握好“时”与“势”,加强在港航基础设施建设的合作投资,重视海洋新兴科技的合作研究,构建维护东北亚海域安全的合作机制,同时坚持绿色发展的海洋合作理念,从而为构建海洋命运共同体树立典范。

在西伯利亚远东“发现”中共党史新文献和新问题

俄罗斯西伯利亚远东地区在20世纪20—50年代是联共(布)和共产国际发动东方革命和中国革命的基地。这一地区也是中国共产党在艰难困苦条件下进行组织建设、干部培养、经费筹集、物资运输的关键通道,亦是中国共产党与联共(布)、共产国际、东方国家或民族的共产党和共产主义力量保持党际和国际联系的前沿地带。在上述地区保留了大量涉及中共党史的档案文献,未被充分发掘和利用,并且有相关的中共党史新问题因档案文献的缺乏而湮灭无现。新西伯利亚州国家档案馆、哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区国家档案馆、滨海边疆区国家档案馆(海参崴)的馆藏最值得关注。

Research agenda for the Russian Far East and utilization of multiplatform comprehensive environmental observations

The Russian Far East is a region between China and the Russian Arctic with a diverse climatological,geophysical,oceanic,and economical characteristic.The southern region is located in the Far East monsoon sector,while the northern parts are affected by the Arctic Ocean and cold air masses penetrating far to the south.Growing economic activities and traffic connected to the China Belt and Road Initiative together with climate change are placing an increased pressure upon the Russian Far East environment.There is an urgent need to improve the capacity to measure the atmospheric and environmental pollution and analyze their sources and to quantify the relative roles of local and transported pollution emissions in the region.In the paper,we characterize the current environmental and socio-economical landscape of the Russian Far East and summarize the future climate scenarios and identify the key regional research questions.We discuss the research infrastructure concept,which is needed to answer the identified research questions.The integrated observations,filling in the critical observational gap at the Northern Eurasian context,are required to provide state-of-the-art observations and enable follow-up procedures that support local,regional,and global decision making in the environmental context.

“视觉音乐”:阿穆尔地区传统仪式场景中的声音模仿

文章分析了俄罗斯远东地区南部各族群文化表演中声音模仿的各个要素。在阐述仪式表演文本作为编舞、场景设计与声音模仿的重要性的同时,作者强调了仪式场景的混合主义表演基础。在仪式场景中基于声音模仿体系的混合主义思想意识在现实中不仅仅赋予了人们听觉印象,而且还将其转化成为视觉印象,因此这种混合主义思想意识展现出了各族群在思想意识上的统一。

17世纪下半叶至21世纪初俄罗斯音乐汉学:史学问题

文章基于考察17世纪下半叶至21世纪初俄罗斯音乐汉学和中国音乐文化活动的两个维度,研究了俄罗斯音乐汉学的史学问题。文章认为,正是通过加强两国音乐家之间的对话才建立起了两国共同的音乐文化空间的基础。

新时代中俄推进远东地区农业务实合作研究

中俄关系进入新时代,两国之间的贸易项目越发多样化,其中两国农贸合作引人注目。因为远东地区土地资源丰富,接近中国消费市场,又因俄罗斯政府的进口替代政策及转向东方政策,所以俄罗斯十分重视远东地区的农业开发。俄罗斯加大对远东地区的开发力度,将其视为未来的粮食出口中心。中国因为处于农业结构调整的进程中,也十分重视远东地区的农业开发,并向远东地区注资合作。两国恰好在农业领域需求互补,因此联合开发远东便提上日程。该文旨在悉数俄罗斯农业及远东地区农业的发展状况,分析中俄两国在远东地区的农业合作项目,并提出推动两国在远东地区进一步深化农业合作的建议。