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“Eternal Motion” as a “Form of Movement of a Special Nature” and the Main Condition for the Creation of the Universe
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作者 Avas Khugaev Eugeniya Bibaeva 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2024年第6期2041-2068,共28页
The article hypothesizes that DE and DM (UCM) are a “Form of Motion of a Special Nature”, where “Form of Motion” means “Eternal Motion” as the power of dynamics of different levels and varying degrees of self-su... The article hypothesizes that DE and DM (UCM) are a “Form of Motion of a Special Nature”, where “Form of Motion” means “Eternal Motion” as the power of dynamics of different levels and varying degrees of self-sufficiency, and by “Special Nature”, gravitational and two other properties of matter, “tied” to the “Eternal Movement” and completely dependent on it. Carriers of key properties of a “Special Nature” have been established: “0”-DE particles and “3”-DM particles (UDM). The unity of their inherent “motionally-gravitational” properties and the peculiarity of the relationship between “motion” and “gravity” are revealed: the higher the intensity of “Eternal Motion”, the stronger the gravitational properties of matter are manifested (and vice versa). The relationship of “time” with the “vibration frequency” and the “mass” of photons with the “degree of bonding and deformation properties of the field” is shown. The maximum level of gravity has been determined, which allows Nature to successfully create the Universe: such a landmark is the proximity to the property of the Primary Source—the “pure graviton” of the OSP space, the most powerful “motionally-gravitational” particle of the Universe. The reasons for the emergence of such an identity of the gravitational properties of particles with the indicators of a “pure graviton” are established: for “0”-DE particles, this is the acquisition of the function of “freedom of movement”;for “3”-DM particles (UDM), the creation of a special structure—a “double field” (“Main” and “Small”). The presence in the “double field” of specific “tools” for the creation of the worlds of the Universe—gravitational “waves” gives rise to impulses (shocks) of varying intensity and shape. A list of functions performed by “waves” in the “Main” and “Small” fields has been compiled. The specific conditions for the formation of “UDM Streams”, their transformation into a “Vortex” and, under the influence of a powerful Initial Impulse (push), sending them to the “place” of the creation of galaxies, are shown. It is suggested that there is a “Cycle of Matter in Nature” in the closed structure of our Universe due to the “work” of “waves” and the functioning of special “factories” in the form of exotic space objects—Black holes. 展开更多
关键词 DE DM (UCM) Graviton Eternal motion Double Field of the Universe Motionally-Gravitational Particles Degree of Self-Sufficiency Main Field Small Field Gravitational Waves Primary Impulse Flows UDM Vortex Time Massive Photons Clumps of DM movement of Galaxies Factories of Black Holes Circulation of Matter in Nature
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Considerations Regarding the Legal Regime of Authorized Natural Persons,the Sole Proprietorship and Family Businesses in Romania
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作者 Radu Stefan Patru 《Chinese Business Review》 2018年第5期252-256,共5页
The present study will examine the legal regime of authorized natural persons,individual enterprises,and family businesses as regulated in Romania.Such an analysis aims at presenting a panoramic view of the legal fram... The present study will examine the legal regime of authorized natural persons,individual enterprises,and family businesses as regulated in Romania.Such an analysis aims at presenting a panoramic view of the legal framework in a representative country in Eastern Europe.Business activities can be carried out individually by individuals as well as large corporations,firms,and companies that have the status of legal persons.The business carried out by individuals,mainly in terms of the quality of an authorized natural person,is particularly important because it contributes to the development of the middle class within society and to giving professional and financial independence to different categories of professionals.The main aspects related to the qualification of specific notions in the field,the administrative steps for acquiring the status of an authorized natural person,individual enterprise and family enterprise,and their legal regime will be found in the article. 展开更多
关键词 authorized natural PERSON INDIVIDUAL ENTERPRISE FAMILY ENTERPRISE LEGAL REGIME
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The Role of Water Motion in Natural Processes
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作者 A. D. Styrkas 《Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering》 2017年第4期19-32,共14页
A study of the behavior of water during its movements under mechanical shaking is presented. It is shown that rhythmic shaking of water with 1Hz causes the same rhythmic effects in a periodic [H+] growth and products ... A study of the behavior of water during its movements under mechanical shaking is presented. It is shown that rhythmic shaking of water with 1Hz causes the same rhythmic effects in a periodic [H+] growth and products with higher positive potential. This paper discusses the role of water motion in nature. 展开更多
关键词 Water Mechanical movement PROTONS POTENTIAL RELAXATION NATURE PROCESSES
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SOME PERSONAL VIEWS ON THE BASIC RESEARCH OF NATURAL SCIENCES IN CHINA
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作者 Lu Yongxiang(Chinese Academy of Sciences) 《Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences》 1998年第3期165-172,共8页
Mankind is going to stride across the threshold of the new century while world science advances by leaps and bounds. At the same time, China will enter a comparatively well-off state in terms of its economic developme... Mankind is going to stride across the threshold of the new century while world science advances by leaps and bounds. At the same time, China will enter a comparatively well-off state in terms of its economic development and its next step forward is to be a moderately developed country in the international community. At the 15th National Congress 展开更多
关键词 SOME PERSONAL VIEWS ON the BASIC RESEARCH of natural SCIENCES IN CHINA HIGH BASIC
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The Effects of the Anti-Dam Movement on the Environmental Protection in American West
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作者 赵倩 《中国校外教育》 2009年第S2期372-373,416,共3页
This paper examines the far-reaching influence of anti-dam movement on the protection of environment in the second half of the 20th century in American West. It first introduces the historical background of dams built... This paper examines the far-reaching influence of anti-dam movement on the protection of environment in the second half of the 20th century in American West. It first introduces the historical background of dams built along the Colorado River-the most important river in the West, especially the construction of Hoover Dam and Glen Canyon Dam. Then, the criticism of dams on the Colorado is examined with the emphasis on the anti-dam movement resulting from the awareness of the negative ecological impacts on the Colorado. In the conclusion, the author demonstrates the unparallel historical significance of the anti-dam movement in the environmentalism in developing the American West. 展开更多
关键词 ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS NATURE conquest environmentalis
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A Research on Wordsworth's Poems——The Personality of Nature
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作者 朱利亚 王银瓶 《海外英语》 2015年第13期199-200,共2页
As the representative of the British romanticism,Wordsworth’s poems are full of natural images.In this paper,"The Tintern Abbey","The Daffodils"and"The Solitary Reaper"are to be taken as... As the representative of the British romanticism,Wordsworth’s poems are full of natural images.In this paper,"The Tintern Abbey","The Daffodils"and"The Solitary Reaper"are to be taken as examples to respectively analyze the personalities of nature in Wordsworth’s poems,namely pureness,vitality and hope. 展开更多
关键词 WORDSWORTH PERSONALITY of NATURE pureness VITALITY HOPE
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Post-Neogene Structural Evolution: An Important Geological Stage in the Formation of Gas Reservoirs in China
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作者 WANGTingbin 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2004年第3期651-661,共11页
Tectonic movements since the Neogene have been the major developmental and evolutional stages of the latest global crustal deformation and orogenic movements. China is located in a triangular area bounded by the India... Tectonic movements since the Neogene have been the major developmental and evolutional stages of the latest global crustal deformation and orogenic movements. China is located in a triangular area bounded by the Indian landmass, the West Siberian landmass and the Pacific Plate, characterized by relatively active tectonic movements since the Neogene, and in this region, natural gas would have been very easy to dissipate, or difficult to preserve. Therefore, the characteristics of post-Neogene tectonic movements offer important geological factors in researching the formation and preservation of gas reservoirs in China. Summarizing the reservoiring history of gas fields in China, although there are some differences between various basins, they are all affected by the tectonic movements since the Neogene. These movements have certainly caused destruction to the reservoiring and distribution of natural gas in China, which has resulted in a certain dissipation of natural gas in some basins. As a whole, however, they have mainly promoted the reservoiring and accumulation of natural gas: (1) a series of China-type foreland basins have been formed between basins and ridges in western China, which provide favorable conditions for the formation of large and medium gas fields, as well as controlling the finalization of gas reservoirs in the basins; (2) rows and belts of anticlines have been formed in the Sichuan Basin in central China, which have been the major stages of the formation and finalization of gas reservoirs in that basin; the integral and quick rising and lifting, and a further west-dipping in the Ordos Basin have resulted in a further accumulation of natural gas in gas fields from Jingbian to Uxin; (3) in eastern China, the Bohai movement in the late Pliocene has provided favorable geological conditions for lately-formed gas reservoirs in the Bohai Sea area mainly composed of the Bozhong depression; and it also resulted in secondary hydrocarbon generation and formation of secondary gas reservoirs in other basins, as well as the formation of many carbon dioxide gas fields of inorganic origin; (4) in the offshore area, it promoted not only the formation of gas reservoirs of organic origin, but also the formation of inorganic origin non-hydrocarbon gas reservoirs, as well as the organic and inorganic natural gas of mixed origin, which resulted in the relatively complicated characteristics of gas reservoirs in the area. In short, tectonic movements activated since the Neogene resulted in a reservoiring model mainly characterized by late and superlate hydrocarbon generation and accumulation. These events provide an important geological stage that should not be neglected when studying the formation of gas reservoirs in China. 展开更多
关键词 post-Neogene tectonic movement natural gas in China late stage superlate stage final reservoir stage
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Characteristic Changes Defined via Comparison of the Big-Five Personalities in Japanese University Freshmen from Years 2000 to 2016
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作者 Kayo Shichiri Akira Tachibana +4 位作者 Hiroko Abe Takuro Kunizuka Yuri Yoshida Chikako Tomiyama Mayumi Watanabe 《Health》 2017年第10期1348-1354,共7页
Introduction: With the arrival of the 21st century, drastic worldwide changes to natural, economic and social events have occurred. These include the Great East Japan Earthquake, and the global financial crisis. Furth... Introduction: With the arrival of the 21st century, drastic worldwide changes to natural, economic and social events have occurred. These include the Great East Japan Earthquake, and the global financial crisis. Furthermore, Japan experienced the introduction of a specific education system. In this study, we traced and compared the psychological characters of university freshmen for 16 years (years 2000-2016) using Big-Five personalities inventory (Japanese version). Methods: A total of 1189 physically and mentally healthy university freshmen participated in this study. They were divided into four groups according to the year they entered university. They completed a self-filled questionnaire, Big-Five personalities inventory, which consists of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness and Openness. Result and Discussion: Compared with the year 2008, Extraversion nominally increased in 2012, however, it statistically significantly decreased in 2016. Agreeableness notably decreased from 2000 to 2008, then showed an increase in 2012. Compared to 2000, Neuroticism was statistically significantly lower in 2008 and 2016. Such statistically significant differences were not observed in the other two personalities. The personalities of university freshmen have changed in the last 16 years, which may be been caused by drastic changes. However, further research (e.g., larger-scale studies or studies including other university students) is required to support the current findings. 展开更多
关键词 Characteristic Changes BIG-FIVE Personalities UNIVERSITY FRESHMEN natural/Social/Economic Circumstances JAPANESE UNIVERSITY Students
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Design and Implementation of a New Chinese Word Segmentation Dictionary for the Personalized Mobile Search
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作者 Zhongmin Wang Jingna Qi Yan He 《Communications and Network》 2013年第1期81-85,共5页
Chinese word segmentation is the basis of natural language processing. The dictionary mechanism significantly influences the efficiency of word segmentation and the understanding of the user’s intention which is impl... Chinese word segmentation is the basis of natural language processing. The dictionary mechanism significantly influences the efficiency of word segmentation and the understanding of the user’s intention which is implied in the user’s query. As the traditional dictionary mechanisms can't meet the present situation of personalized mobile search, this paper presents a new dictionary mechanism which contains the word classification information. This paper, furthermore, puts forward an approach for improving the traditional word bank structure, and proposes an improved FMM segmentation algorithm. The results show that the new dictionary mechanism has made a significant increase on the query efficiency and met the user’s individual requirements better. 展开更多
关键词 Chinese WORD Segmentation DICTIONARY Mechanism natural LANGUAGE Processing PERSONALIZED SEARCH WORD Classification Information
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Cam-Clay Models Using Castem 2000<sup>©</sup>and Plaxis<sup>©</sup>for the Study of the Slope Stability of the “Corniche Ouest” of the Dakar Peninsula (Senegal, West Africa)
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作者 Meissa Fall Serigne Sam Samb +2 位作者 Mapathé Ndiaye Oustasse A. Sall Fatou Samb 《Geomaterials》 2011年第2期51-58,共8页
The stability of the natural slopes of the “Corniche Ouest” of Dakar Capital was intensively researched by previous [1] in [2] and recent studies [3]. Soils near the surface consist of weathered lateritic cuirass, s... The stability of the natural slopes of the “Corniche Ouest” of Dakar Capital was intensively researched by previous [1] in [2] and recent studies [3]. Soils near the surface consist of weathered lateritic cuirass, silt and marl that have been intensively altered and fractured. Below these altered layers are limestones that are interbedded with other thin volcanic layers. Prior to the 1950s the area had been less urbanized. In the 1950s demand for habitations and administrative offices led to the development of the area but, no drainage system was available. In 1984 the area began moving down slope toward the ocean. Rates of movement were the fastest several months after the end of the rainy season and the slowest during the dry season. In the next years the earthflow moved as much as some meters, but in the processes the expensive homes and administrative buildings built became uninhabitable. Movement was caused by a combination of wave erosion along the coast removing some the mass resisting flow, added water due to the disposal of wastes, watering of lawns, and rainfall causing the clays to expand and weaken, and by the added weight of development on top of the flow. The first investigations, due to a lack of geotechnical information describe a stable area even though it was observed cracks and failure in habitations. The main results obtained were specially obtained by analytical techniques of slices. It is well known that the mechanical response of a solid mass of soil depends primarily on the laws of behavior which were affected to him. The Cam-Clay model is used with two comparative numerical codes such as Castem 2000?, a non commercial code and Plaxis 7.2? so as to compare the mechanical response of the slopes. The models of Cambridge are founded as simple theory and use only some soil mechanical parameters easy to determine. The results are founded highly different from a code to another, but they attest all that the system described is non stable. Otherwise, this study has shown that Castem 2000? gives no realistic outputs as well as the soil behavior laws varies from a simple MohrCoulomb law to the softening or hardening complex laws. 展开更多
关键词 Corniche Ouest Stability Numerical Codes CAM Clay movements natural SLOPES
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On the Internal Logic of Ecological Justice-Based on the Analytical Perspective of Marx’s Historical Materialism
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作者 ZHANG Tao 《Journal of Philosophy Study》 2021年第9期683-691,共9页
Ecological justice is a good state of symbiosis and sharing between man and nature on the basis of labor.Based on historical materialism,Marxs concept of ecological justice takes labor as the intermediary of the relat... Ecological justice is a good state of symbiosis and sharing between man and nature on the basis of labor.Based on historical materialism,Marxs concept of ecological justice takes labor as the intermediary of the relationship between man and nature,and explores the internal logic of the trinity of man,nature and labor from the historical generation.Realistic manis the subject of labor and has the nature of freedom.Nature is the object of labor of’“”“realistic people”and has objective nature.As the premise of human history,labor is the practical basis of human and natural justice order.Construct a kind of ecological justice based on labor and promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature in practice.ZHANG Tao,Master degree candidate,School of Marxism,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing,China. 展开更多
关键词 ecological justice LABOR reality person NATURE
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On the Identity of Personality and the Concept of Human
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作者 Lu Dongshuang Liu Yanzi 《学术界》 CSSCI 北大核心 2015年第11期280-285,共6页
The concept of"human"is essential in bioethics.Generally speaking,the concept of"human"is related to the identity of personality.This paper systematically discusses the concept of"personality ... The concept of"human"is essential in bioethics.Generally speaking,the concept of"human"is related to the identity of personality.This paper systematically discusses the concept of"personality identity"and"human"by Locke,Parfit and Kant.In comparison,Locke views self-awareness or reason as the key element of any appropriate concepts of"human".On the basis of Locke's viewpoint,Parfit makes explanation of the identity of personality,and points out that personality identity should be connected with physical and psychological continuity.This view has been a progress but still has a utility thought.Therefore,the understanding of the concept of"human"is not entirely out of its species,and should be deeply based on our own as the main body of the concept. 展开更多
关键词 人格特征 自我意识 伦理观 连续性 系统 康德
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The Symbiotic Relationship Unraveling the Interplay between Technology and Artificial Intelligence(An Intelligent Dynamic Relationship)
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作者 Bahman Zohuri Farhang Mossavar-Rahmani 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 2023年第2期63-68,共6页
This article investigates the dynamic relationship between technology and AI(artificial intelligence)and the role that societal requirements play in pushing AI research and adoption.Technology has advanced dramaticall... This article investigates the dynamic relationship between technology and AI(artificial intelligence)and the role that societal requirements play in pushing AI research and adoption.Technology has advanced dramatically throughout the years,providing the groundwork for the rise of AI.AI systems have achieved incredible feats in various disciplines thanks to advancements in computer power,data availability,and complex algorithms.On the other hand,society’s needs for efficiency,enhanced healthcare,environmental sustainability,and personalized experiences have worked as powerful accelerators for AI’s progress.This article digs into how technology empowers AI and how societal needs dictate its progress,emphasizing their symbiotic relationship.The findings underline the significance of responsible AI research,which considers both technological prowess and ethical issues,to ensure that AI continues to serve the greater good. 展开更多
关键词 TECHNOLOGY AI SOCIETY evolution advancements computing power data availability algorithms efficiency healthcare environmental sustainability personalized experiences automation machine learning natural language processing image recognition predictive analysis cloud computing BD(big data) user experience innovation ethical considerations responsible AI development
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The Archetypal Natural Man-Joe Gargery
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作者 晏丽 《海外英语》 2018年第22期192-193,共2页
Great Expectations is Charles Dickens’work,which is a novel about education and growth and personal development.This thesis carefully analyzes the male character Joe Gargery,one of the most impressive creations of Ch... Great Expectations is Charles Dickens’work,which is a novel about education and growth and personal development.This thesis carefully analyzes the male character Joe Gargery,one of the most impressive creations of Charles Dickens,trying to help Pip live a decent human life.His moral integrity,his generous and magnanimous heart,and his devotion and innocence are all the best qualities that make humans human and render life worth living.He is the archetypal natural man.Through a general analysis,I will reach a conclusion that Joe Gargery as an archetypal natural man in Great Expectations is Dickens’own wish and the enlightenment for us that without too many ambitions people can lead a happy life. 展开更多
关键词 Archetypal natural MAN JOE Gargery PERSONALITY
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Lazursky's Natural Experimentation as a Method of Personality Investigation in Brazil
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作者 Riviane B. Bravo Raquel M. de Assis 《Psychology Research》 2017年第10期519-529,共11页
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论罗尔斯对the reasonable与the rational的区分 被引量:3
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作者 舒年春 《哲学分析》 2014年第5期85-100,198,共16页
在《政治自由主义》中罗尔斯明确区分了the rational(合理)和the reasonable(讲理),这个区分是理解罗尔斯整个正义理论尤其是其思想转变缘由的枢纽。而在其《学士论文》中,罗尔斯区分了the natural(自然)和the personal(人格),进而恰当... 在《政治自由主义》中罗尔斯明确区分了the rational(合理)和the reasonable(讲理),这个区分是理解罗尔斯整个正义理论尤其是其思想转变缘由的枢纽。而在其《学士论文》中,罗尔斯区分了the natural(自然)和the personal(人格),进而恰当而清晰地定位了伦理学。在这种定位中,伦理学的研究对象是人格关系,而且与神学、宗教不可分离。合理与讲理这对区分的内涵在《政治自由主义》中得以展开,而对自然和人格的区分则进一步推进了对合理与讲理这对区分的理解,罗尔斯做出此种区分的原因也将得到呈现。 展开更多
关键词 罗尔斯 合理 讲理 自然 人格 自然主义 伦理学
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Herbal compounds as promising therapeutic agents in precision medicine strategies for cancer:A systematic review
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作者 Bizhar Ahmed Tayeb Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma +1 位作者 Alaa A.M.Osman Renáta Minorics 《Journal of Integrative Medicine》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第2期137-162,共26页
Background:The field of personalized medicine has gained increasing attention in cancer care,with the aim of tailoring treatment strategies to individual patients for improved outcomes.Herbal medicine,with its long-st... Background:The field of personalized medicine has gained increasing attention in cancer care,with the aim of tailoring treatment strategies to individual patients for improved outcomes.Herbal medicine,with its long-standing historical use and extensive bioactive compounds,offers a rich source of potential treatments for various diseases,including cancer.Objective:To provide an overview of the current knowledge and evidence associated with incorporating herbal compounds into precision medicine strategies for cancer diseases.Additionally,to explore the general characteristics of the studies included in the analysis,focusing on their key features and trends.Search strategy:A comprehensive literature search was conducted from multiple online databases,including Pub Med,Scopus,Web of Science,and CINAHL-EBSCO.The search strategy was designed to identify studies related to personalized cancer medicine and herbal interventions.Inclusion criteria:Publications pertaining to cancer research conducted through in vitro,in vivo,and clinical studies,employing natural products were included in this review.Data extraction and analysis:Two review authors independently applied inclusion and inclusion criteria,data extraction,and assessments of methodological quality.The quality assessment and biases of the studies were evaluated based on modified Jadad scales.A detailed quantitative summary of the included studies is presented,providing a comprehensive description of their key features and findings.Results:A total of 121 studies were included in this review for analysis.Some of them were considered as comprehensive experimental investigations both in vitro and in vivo.The majority(n=85)of the studies included in this review were conducted in vitro,with 44 of them specifically investigating the effects of herbal medicine on animal models.Additionally,7 articles with a combined sample size of 31,271 patients,examined the impact of herbal medicine in clinical settings.Conclusion:Personalized medication can optimize the use of herbal medicine in cancer treatment by considering individual patient factors such as genetics,medical history,and other treatments.Additionally,active phytochemicals found in herbs have shown potential for inhibiting cancer cell growth and inducing apoptosis,making them a promising area of research in preclinical and clinical investigations. 展开更多
关键词 CANCER Herbal medicine Personalized medication Active phytochemicals natural compound
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Covariation between personalities and individual differences in coping with stress:Converging evidence and hypotheses 被引量:4
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作者 Claudio CARERE Doretta CARAMASCHI Tim W. FAWCETT 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 北大核心 2010年第6期728-740,共13页
In the past decade there has been a profusion of studies highlighting covariation between individual differences instress physiology and behavioural profiles, here called personalities. Such individual differences in ... In the past decade there has been a profusion of studies highlighting covariation between individual differences instress physiology and behavioural profiles, here called personalities. Such individual differences in ways of coping with stress arerelevant both in biomedicine, since different personalities may experience a different stress and disease vulnerability, and in behaviouralecology, since their adaptive value and evolutionary maintenance are the subject of debate. However, the precise way inwhich individual stress differences and personalities are linked is unclear. Here we provide an updated overview of this covariationacross different species and taxa, consider its functional significance and present working hypotheses for how behaviouraland physiological responses to stress might be causally linked, affecting life-history traits such as dispersal and 展开更多
关键词 变压力 行为生态学 证据 人物 个性差异 个体差异 生活史特征 逆境生理
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STUDY OF ARTIFICIAL EYES HAVING HIGH STRENGTH AND LOW DENSITY
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作者 LI Xiaosheng WU Guangfu Qiqihar University 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS 1999年第4期28-32,共5页
The artificial eyes having high strength, low density and naturalmovement, which are made from hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass havebeen utilized ef- fectively in clinic. The technology of compoundinghydrox- yapatit... The artificial eyes having high strength, low density and naturalmovement, which are made from hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass havebeen utilized ef- fectively in clinic. The technology of compoundinghydrox- yapatite, melting bioactive glass and making he artificaleyes are stated in this paper. In animal test, the bioactivity andbiocompatibility of the material making the artificial eyes areexamined by histological observation, SEM XRD and electronic probe.At the same time, application of the artificial eyes in clinic arealso introduced. 展开更多
关键词 artificial eye seat natural movement HYDROXYAPATITE
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Augmenting the Heat Sink for Better Heat Dissipation
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作者 Mohammed H. S. Al Ashry 《Circuits and Systems》 2015年第2期21-29,共9页
Heat sinks were invented to absorb heat from an electronic circuit conduct, and then to dissipate or radiate this heat to the surrounding supposedly, ventilated space, at a rate equal to or faster than that of its bui... Heat sinks were invented to absorb heat from an electronic circuit conduct, and then to dissipate or radiate this heat to the surrounding supposedly, ventilated space, at a rate equal to or faster than that of its buildup. Ventilation was not initially recognized as an essential factor to thermal dispersion. However, as electronic circuit-boards continued to heat up, circuit failure became a problem, forcing the inclusion of miniaturized high speed fans. Later, heat sinks with fins and quiet fans were incorporated in most manufactured circuits. Now heat sinks come in the form of a fan with fans made to function as fins to disperse heat. Heat sinks absorb and radiate excess heat from circuit-boards in order to prolong the circuit’s life span. The higher the thermal conductivity of the material used the more efficient and effective the heat sink is. This paper is an attempt to theoretically design a heat sink with a temperature gradient lower than that of the circuit board’s excess heat. 展开更多
关键词 CONVECTIVE HEAT Transfer: HEAT Absorbed by the natural AIR Flow Surrounding Hot Objects FORCED CONVECTIVE HEAT Transfer: Absorption of HEAT Using FORCED AIR Flow Conductivity: Is the Ability of a system to Exchange or TRANSFER Temperature within a Body or MATERIAL through the movement of Electrons MATERIAL That Does Not Conduct HEAT Is Considered a Nonconductor
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