Traditional Literature's Influence on the Development of Chinese Cultural Schools

Known as sinology in today' s social and cultural development,the Chinese traditional literature has a certain effect on the age.Combined with the view on people' s social value development in traditional literature and explore today' s development of social and cultural schools,the basic embodiment of traditional and social moral schools as the innovation and development of Chinese cultural schools can be summed up.From the traditional Confucian literary concept of development,it can be seen that the specific viewpoint of social development has promoted the innovation and development of Chinese humanistic and social cultural schools.Having the trend of diversification,Chinese traditional literature has a three-dimensional impact on the Chinese cultural schools and also provides a powerful impetus for the diversified development of Chinese cultural schools.

Analysis on the principles of differentiation and prescription of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cancerous fever

基于Logistic回归分析与文献检索探讨中医药治疗癌性发热辨证论治用药规律。检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国学术期刊数据库(万方数据)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBMdisc)、PubMed、MEDLINE、EMBASE,检索日期始于各数据库起始日期,截止至2016年6月30日。对收录的关于中医药治疗癌性发热的相关文献进行筛选,并对用药频次进行统计,采用Logistic多元逐步回归法对癌性发热证型用药进行模型建立。计量统计显示,癌性发热方药使用频次较高的分别为青蒿鳖甲汤,小柴胡汤,血府逐瘀汤,白虎汤,三仁汤。癌性发热证型主要表现为热毒炽盛,阴虚发热,湿热蕴结,气阴两虚,肝经郁热,血瘀发热和阳虚发热7型。基于分型用药回归方程结果,热毒炽盛型中特别用药为柴胡,白芍,黄芩;阴虚发热型中特别用药为柴胡,丹皮;湿热蕴结型中特别用药为赤芍,当归;气阴两虚型中特别用药为半夏,地骨皮,白芍;肝经郁热型中特别用药为青蒿,石膏,茯苓;血瘀发热型中特别用药为知母,黄芩,党参;阳虚发热型中特别用药为柴胡。通过用药频次统计和Logistic回归分析方法可为中医药治疗癌性发热用药及临床辨证论治提供参考。

Treatment of cholecystitis with Chinese herbal medicines:A systematic review of the literature

AIM:To analyze the literature on the use of Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of cholecystitis.METHODS:The literature on treatment of cholecystitis with traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) was analyzed based on the principles and methods described by evidence-based medicine(EBM).Eight databases including MEDLINE,EMbase,Cochrane Central(CCTR),four Chinese databases(China Biological MedicineDatabase,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Database of Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals,Database of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology) and Chinese Clinical Registry Center,were searched.Full text articles or abstracts concerning TCM treatment of cholecystitis were selected,categorized according to study design,the strength of evidence,the first author's hospital type,and analyzed statistically.RESULTS:A search of the literature published from 1977 through 2009 yielded 1468 articles in Chinese and 9 in other languages;and 93.92% of the articles focused on clinical studies.No article was of levelⅠevidence,and 9.26% were of level Ⅱ evidence.The literature cited by Science Citation Index(SCI),MEDLINE and core Chinese medical journals accounted for 0.41%,0.68% and 7.29%,respectively.Typically,the articles featured in case reports of illness,examined from the perspective of EBM,were weak in both quality and evidence level,which inconsistently conflicted with the fact that most of the papers were by authors from Level-3 hospitals,the highest possible level evaluated based on their comprehensive quality and academic authenticity in China.CONCLUSION:The published literature on TCM treatment of cholecystitis is of low quality and based on low evidence,and cognitive medicine may functions as a useful supplementary framework for the evaluation.

Morinda citrifolia L. (noni) and memantine attenuate periventricular tissue injury of the fourth ventricle in hydrocephalic rabbits

This study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Morinda citrifofia L. （Rubiaceae） commonly known as noni, and memantine （a N-methy-D-aspartate receptor inhibitor） on hydrocephalus-induced neurodegenerative disorders. Kaolin was injected into the cistern magna of male adult New Zealand rabbits to establish a hydrocephalus animal model. Memantine （20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally; memantine-treated group） or noni （5 mL/kg, intragastrically; noni-treated group） was administered daily for 2 weeks. Microtubule-associated protein-2 and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry were performed to detect neuronal degeneration and apoptosis in the periventricular tissue of the fourth ventricle of rabbits. Microtubule-associated protein-2 staining density was significantly decreased in the hydrocephalic group, while the staining density was significantly increased in the memantine- and noni-treated groups, especially in the noni-treated group. Noni treatment decreased the number of caspase-3-positive cells in rabbits with hydrocephalus, while memantine had no effect. These findings suggest that noni exhibits more obvious inhibitory effects on hydrocephalus-induced neurodegenerative disorders than memantine in periventricular tissue of the fourth ventricle.

Analysis of the Image of China in Japanese Literature

Due to the established narrative patterns and powerful and profound ideological influences of classical Chinese literature,the image of China has been reinterpretation during the process of imagination,construction,and experience of Japanese writer or researcher,with many distortions and misinterpretations.The image of China in Japanese literature is an impression and illusion formed by the combination of cultural awareness and literary classics.The following article will analyze and sort out the Chinese image in Japanese literature.

Application of traditional Chinese medicine nursing technique in hyperten hypertension with insomnia: A literature review

目前,高血压合并失眠仍缺乏统一有效的治疗手段,而中医护理技术能够有效高血压合并失眠患者的失眠症状,降低血压,缓解疲劳,改善焦虑、抑郁情绪,提高生活质量等。中医护理技术在高血压合并失眠患者中的应用不仅包括穴位按摩、穴位贴敷、耳穴压豆等单一中医护理技术的应用,还包括两种或多种中医护理技术的应用等。本文通过综述有关高血压合并失眠的中医护理技术应用现状,旨在为高血压合并失眠患者的治疗提供参考。

Analysis of the Application of“Jing(精)”in Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲自〉Compendium of Materia Medica)

Taking the Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica)(Jinling edition金陵本)as the research object and“Jing”as the search term,this article summarizes the quantity of medicinals containing“Jing”in Ben Cao Gang Mu,analyzes the connotation and application of“Jing”in traditional Chinese medicine,and finds that the application of“Jing”in medicine does not deviate from the original meaning of“Jing,”but endows it with the concepts of medicine and pharmacy,and expands the application scope of“Jing.”This study is helpful to understand and use spermicide more reasonably.

History of recurrent miscarriage in traditional Chinese medicine literature

早在1500多年前,中医古籍对复发性流产就有相应的记载.最早把复发性流产当成生殖异常的记载出现在南北朝时期的古籍《产经》上（420A.D.–589A.D.）,许多治疗复发性流产的经典方剂沿用至今.本文回顾了历代医家对复发性流产的病因病机及治疗的认识,列出了中医治疗复发性流产的经典方,以及现代医学中关于复发性流产的药理学研究和临床研究.

Study on Clinical Literature of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Objective:To systematically analyze the basic information,research contents and related problems in the design of literature in the research field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for irritable bowel syndrome,as well as to provide reliable evidence for improving clinical efficacy of IBS.Methods:Clinical observational literatures on the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome by TCM in 2009-2019 were searched in following Chinese databases:Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wan Fang Database,China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP).After selection,included studies were categorized by items as publication time,author regional distribution,treatment of TCM and control group,etc..Then we analyzed and evaluated the clinical effects of TCM treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.Results:1.Of the 986 literatures retrieved,318 met the inclusion criteria,and the number of relative literatures increased year by year.2.There were 224 literatures related to syndrome differentiation,in which 20 types of TCM syndromes were involved.The top three were the syndrome of disharmony between liver and spleen,deficiency of spleen Yang and kidney Yang and deficiency of spleen with damp retention,accounting for 53.12%、15.17% and 8.48%.3.There were 90 literatures on non-dialectical medication,among which Self-made Prescriptions(自拟方) were the most commonly used,accounting for 34.44%.4.There were 39.13% of the control group using antispasmodic.Among the antispasmodic,57.58% was Pinaverium bromide.5.Only 57 literatures were related to the recurrence rate,among which 54 showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).6.There were 142 literatures involved in the observation of adverse reactions of patients,and the adverse reactions mainly included dryness in the mouth,constipation,abdominal pain,diarrhea,nausea,etc..7.After the evaluation of the quality of the included literature,it was found that among the types of randomized controlled trials(RCTs),5 was class Ⅰ,27 were class Ⅱ,and 273 were class Ⅲ;In non-randomized controlled trials,13 were all class Ⅲ.Conclusion:The number of literatures on TCM treatment for irritable bowel syndrome was increasing year by year,showing that more and more attention had been paid to the clinical application and research of TCM by clinical workers and researchers.While In the clinical research of TCM treatment of irritable bowel syndrome,there were some deficiencies,such as non-standard TCM syndrome type,the main subjects of this study were irritable bowel syndrome-D and the international scale for evaluation of irritable bowel syndrome was not used in most of the experiments.Therefore,it is an urgent need for more high-quality clinical research in attempts to provide enough and reliable evidence to guide the medical care.

Chinese Tradition in the World Literature:Review of Zhang Longxi's A Historyof ChineseLiterature

This essay reviews Zhang Longxi's A History of Chinese Literature.The book covers Chinese literature from its very beginning to modern times.It emphasizes texts'literary and aesthetic qualities when evaluating and historicizing literature.The book demonstrates the importance of canons in literary history,using Chinese tradition as an example.Therefore,it also brings the Chinese tradition into the broader framework of world literature.Reading Zhang's concise historical overview of Chinese literature,we can better understand the interplay between literary tradition and the individual talent.Zhang Longxi has skillfully combined the writing of a history of literature with literary criticism in this book.Zhang's successful attempt informs literary scholars of possible paradigms of compiling literary history in a post-cultural-studies theoretical context.

Bibliometrics and visual analysis for clinical research on intervention of traditional Chinese medicine nursing technology on rheumatoid arthritis

Objective:The objective of this study is to explore the current situation,clinical research hot spots,and trends of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)nursing technology in rheumatoid arthritis(RA),to draw a panorama of clinical research,to provide the basis and clues for subsequent high-level evidence integration and further in-depth research.Materials and Methods:Seven databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Scientific Journal Database(VIP),Wanfang Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(Sino-Med),PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Library were searched.The bibliometric method and visualization software CiteSpace were used to conduct a multi-dimensional analysis of the included literature.Results:A total of 805 pieces of literature were included(of them,one was written in German and four in English),and the number of published literature showed an increasing trend year by year.There were only 30(3.73%)pieces of literature published in nursing journals.The hot spots of the co-occurrence map were concentrated in:(1)the nursing of fumigation in RA;(2)the efficacy evaluation of TCM nursing technology on pain,joint malformation,and joint dysfunction caused by RA.The included literature themes focused on five TCM technologies:fumigation,moxibustion,acupoint patching,acupoint injection,and Chinese herbal soaking.The beginning year and strength in TCM fumigation were 2012 and 5.2,and those in moxibustion were 2011 and 3.38.Conclusion:The related studies are on the rise.It has entered the field of international readers with clear research hot spots.However,there are still shortcomings such as little literature published in Chinese nursing core journals,few non-Chinese-related documents,and a lack of international exchanges and cooperation.The current research hot spots in this field are TCM fumigation,and the cutting-edge trend of future research may be fumigation and moxibustion technology.It is suggested that further research can focus on evidence integration and original research on the self-optimization of these two techniques.

Screening of traditional Chinese medicine monomers as ribonucleotide reductase M2 inhibitors for tumor treatment

BACKGROUND Ribonucleotide reductase(RR)is a key enzyme in tumor proliferation,especially its subunit-RRM2.Although there are multiple therapeutics for tumors,they all have certain limitations.Given their advantages,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomers have become an important source of anti-tumor drugs.Therefore,screening and analysis of TCM monomers with RRM2 inhibition can provide a reference for further anti-tumor drug development.AIM To screen and analyze potential anti-tumor TCM monomers with a good binding capacity to RRM2.METHODS The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database was used to analyze the level of RRM2 gene expression in normal and tumor tissues as well as RRM2's effect on the overall survival rate of tumor patients.TCM monomers that potentially act on RRM2 were screened via literature mining.Using AutoDock software,the screened monomers were docked with the RRM2 protein.RESULTS The expression of RRM2 mRNA in multiple tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues,and it was negatively correlated with the overall survival rate of patients with the majority of tumor types.Through literature mining,we discovered that berberine,ursolic acid,gambogic acid,cinobufagin,quercetin,daphnetin,and osalmide have inhibitory effects on RRM2.The results of molecular docking identified that the above TCM monomers have a strong binding capacity with RRM2 protein,which mainly interacted through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic force.The main binding sites were Arg330,Tyr323,Ser263,and Met350.CONCLUSION RRM2 is an important tumor therapeutic target.The TCM monomers screened have a good binding capacity with the RRM2 protein.

Systematic evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine for treating Parkinson's disease

BACKGROUND：To evaluate the quality of the literature addressing traditional Chinese medicine for treating Parkinson＇s disease.DATA SOURCE：A computer-based online search of Chinese publications from January 2001 to July 2008 was conducted in Chinese Biology Medical Disc Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Search key words were Parkinson＇s disease, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine therapy, and Chinese herb therapy.DATA SELECTION：Articles describing randomized, controlled trials and quasi-randomized, controlled trials were included. Literature quality was assessed using the criteria-Systematic evaluation of clinical literature related to treatment of Parkinson＇s disease with traditional Chinese medicine. This included methodology, interventions in the treatment/control group, evaluation criterion of outcomes, and frequency.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：Evaluation criterion of outcomes （various score methods and evaluation scales）, methodological quality, and frequency distribution were all measured.RESULTS：A total of 33 articles with randomized, controlled trials were included. Of these, six described a random method, and the remaining did not describe random allocation methods or random sequence generation methods. None of the studies estimated sample size. Case descriptions of withdrawal and loss to follow-up were unclear. Both the Unified Parkinson＇s Disease Rating Scale and Webster scale were used in the eligible studies as evaluation criteria.CONCLUSION：There are no high-quality studies that address traditional Chinese medicine therapy and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for treating Parkinson＇s disease in China. Eligible studies were not performed in accordance with Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement or Standards for Reporting Interventions in Controlled Trials of Acupuncture criteria, and the literature quality was low. The presently used criteria for evaluating therapeutic effects do not completely assess outcomes of traditional Chinese medicine for treating Parkinson＇s disease. The identification of precise outcomes should be verified using randomized, controlled studies with adequate controls and proper designs.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy： A literature review

目前，糖尿病周围神经病变（diabetic peripheral neuropathy, DPN）仍旧缺乏统一有效的治疗手段，而以辨证论治为特点的中医技术（如中药制剂、针刺、熏蒸）则被视为DPN潜在的有效治疗方法。中医护理技术是在中医理论的基础上发展而来的照护手段，其对DPN的照护不仅包括针灸、穴位敷贴等疗法的应用，而且还涉及到患者饮食及情绪的调护，其最终目的在于促进DPN患者皮肤和神经末梢的恢复。本文通过总结近年来国内外有关DPN的中医护理研究成果，以期为DPN的治疗提供参考。

湖湘古代中医药文献的类型与特点述略

湖湘中医药文献既是湖湘先人认识疾病的重要途径,又是湖湘地区中医药知识的重要宝库。从早期的口头传承到简帛、竹木简牍,再到纸质文献,湖湘中医药文献呈现了丰富多样的类型和独特的发展轨迹。周秦两汉时期,湖湘中医药文献开始萌芽,主要以简帛文献为主;魏晋隋唐时期,文献载体逐渐向竹木简牍转变,且养生文献得到发展;宋金元时期,方书集合文献占据主导地位,中医药知识体系更趋完善;明清时期,见证了湖湘中医药文献的鼎盛,特别是处理时疫的文献得到广泛流传。通过厘清湖湘古代中医药文献的类型与特点,展示和挖掘湖湘中医药知识和理论的构建历程,从而促进湖湘中医药及其文献的研究利用。

基于文献计量分析皮内针疗法适宜病症与临床应用进展

目的基于文献计量分析皮内针疗法的临床文献,探讨皮内针疗法的适宜病症与临床应用进展。方法通过计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(Wanfang data)和维普中文期刊数据库中与皮内针疗法相关的临床研究文献,应用文献计量学的方法对皮内针疗法发文量、病谱和适宜病症进行分析。结果临床涉及论文共2220篇,近10年发文量显著增长。皮内针疗法临床涉及病症208种。一级适宜病症为手术后疼痛、失眠症、偏瘫、面神经麻痹;二级适宜病症为肩痛、颈椎病、癌痛、膝骨关节炎、腰椎间盘移位、便秘、头痛;三级适宜病症为带状疱疹、遗尿、放化疗后不良反应、变应性鼻炎、呃逆、面肌痉挛;四级适宜病症包括痛经、高血压、糖尿病、胃肠功能紊乱、痹证、吞咽障碍、腰扭伤、肥胖症。结论皮内针疗法是近年来的临床研究热点,其治疗疾病以痛症居多,其次为各类慢性病。不同针具中,揿针的应用受到广泛关注。

传统哲学文化视角下的医古文教学思考

坚持以学生为中心的教育理念,以学生的“学”为出发点,完善学生的知识体系,培养其中医思维。医古文教学的目的是提高学生阅读中医药古籍的能力,但除此之外,还应发挥多重作用,应逐步加入传统文化的熏陶和古代哲学思想的渗透元素。中医学的思想和概念在古代哲学思想中产生。中医学理论的形成以传统文化为载体,受到传统文化的模塑与制约。中医学术有其鲜明的特点,只有认识到这些特点的本质,才能更好地继承和创新。在医古文的教学改革中,既要坚持字、词、句等语言感性材料的积累,打好古代汉语的基础,又要发挥其“文”的功能,深化对“意”的理解,从灿烂的中国古代文化及哲学的土壤中,为学生深刻理解中医药理论奠定基础。

孙犁散文的文学性追求

孙犁曾尝试多种散文文体的写作,努力开拓散文的文学性空间,成为现代散文史上出类拔萃的“散文文体家”。孙犁的文学散文继承了五四散文的自叙传传统,以突出的个性闻名于世,在日常生活的书写中,追求“真情”“真相”,不惧外部纷扰,体现对现实生活的真诚拥抱和对人生丰富而深切的理解。孙犁还是出色的散文理论家,其散文理论和写作实践呈现双向互动关系。他在五四以来散文思潮背景下思考散文写作和发展问题,在中国古代传统和五四文学传统的整合中,为我们勾勒了散文文学性的基本特征。孙犁六十年的散文活动,体现了他接续传统的自觉,文体创新的自觉,理论建设的自觉,成就了他在中国现代散文史中的不朽地位。