The Transition of the International System: From the Perspective of the Theory of Responsibility

The international system refers to the whole of the interacting and stable relationship formed by actors of

Petrogenesis of the Early Cretaceous Laojunshan monzogranite at the southern margin of the North China Craton: Constrains on the transition of the tectonic regime

1 Introduction Voluminous Mesozoic magmatic rocks containing abundant Au-Mo polymetallic mineralization resources are developed in the Xiaoqinling-Xiong’ershan district of the southern margin of the North China Craton(NCC).

Large Signal Modulation Characteristics in the Transition Regime for Two-State Lasing Quantum Dot Lasers

Large-signal modulation capability, as an important performance indicator, is directly related to the high-speed optical communication technology involved. We experimentally and theoretically investigate the large-signal modulation characteristics of the simultaneous ground-state （GS） and the excited-state （ES） lasing in InAs/OaAs quantum dot laser diodes. The large-signal modulation capability of total light intensity in the transition regime from OS lasing to two-state lasing is unchanged as the bias-current increases. However, GS and ES large-signal eye diagrams show obvious variations during the transition. Relaxation oscillations and large-signal eye diagrams for OS, ES, and total light intensities are numerically simulated and analyzed in detail by using a rate-equation model. The -ndings show that a complementary relationship between the light intensities for OS and ES lasing exists in both the transition regime and the two-state lasing regime, leading to a much smaller overshooting power and a shorter settling time for the total light intensity. Therefore, the eye diagrams of GS or ES lasing are diffuse whereas those of total light intensity are constant as the bias-current increases in the transition regime.

Change of State of a Dynamical Unit in the Transition of Coherence

The change of state of one map in the network of nonlocal coupled logistic maps at the transition of coherence is studied. With the increase of coupling strength, the network dynamics transits from the incoherent state into the coherent state. In the process, the iteration of the map first changes from chaos to period state, then from periodic to chaotic state again. For the periodic doubling bifurcations, similar to an isolated map, the largest Lyapunov exponent tends to zero from a negative value. However, the states of coupled maps exhibit complex behavior rather than converge to a few fixed values. The behavior brings a new chimera state of coupled logistic maps. The bifurcation diagram is identical to the phase order of maps iterations. For the bifurcation between 1-band and multi-band chaos, the symmetry of chaotic bands emerges and the transition of the order of iteration direction occurs.

Defining the Transition from Cell Elongation to Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis:Promoter Analyses,Transcript Profiling,and Genomic Analysis of Near-isogenic Germplasms that Differ in Fiber Strength

A distinct set of homoeologous cellulose synthase catalytic subunit(CesA) genes are coordinately up-regulated with the onset of secondary wall formation in cotton fiber as shown by quantitative-RT-

Basic Properties of Pyrolysis Carbon Black of Waste Tyres and Application of Pyrolysis Carbon Black in Transition Layer Rubber of All Steel Radial Tire

The main chemical composition of pyrolysis carbon black of waste tires is C,O,Cu,Zn and so on.The content of ash and fine powder in pyrolysis carbon black is high,and the 300%elongation stress is high.The difference between pyrolysis carbon black and furnace black N326,which is commonly used in rubber,is obvious compared with chemical property.The pyrolysis carbon black was used to replace furnace black N326 in the transition layer of all steel load Radial tire rubber through experimental study.It was found that the compression heat generation and dynamic loss(Tanδ)of the blend rubber before and after aging were obviously reduced,the elongation at break and resilience increased,while the tensile stress and tear strength decreased by 100%and 300%,but the hardness and tensile strength changed little before and after aging.According to the latest raw material price calculation,15 used tire pyrolysis carbon black instead of furnace carbon black N326 used in all steel Radial tire transition layer rubber application,excluding labor costs,electricity and equipment depreciation,a ton of blended rubber saves about$22.86 in production costs.

Constructing a World-Level Urban Research System: Review on Studies on the Transition of Urban China

Studies on the Transition of Urban China Author:Chenghua LI Year:2013Publisher:People’s Publishing House ISBN:9787010129716(417 pages,in Chinese)The innovative urbanization practice and the urban transitional development strategies in China have become new heated topics in the field of worldwide urban research,and posed new requirements on

Structural Characteristics and Risks of China's Economic Transformation and Paths to Efficiency Improvement

Based on the expanded growth accounting framework,this paper discussed the structural characteristics of China's economic transformation and its related issues and came up with the following conclusions:(1) China's economic growth has six structural characteristics-- demographic transition,industrial productivity redistribution,income distribution adjustments,increasing urbanization,decreasing capital efficiency and little room for total factor productivity improvement.These factors together may cause a slowdown in economic growth.(2) The risk of economic slowdown in China's economic transformation may be due to the readjustment of income distribution,excessive ineffective investment,increasing economic leverage ratio and fast growing service sector of industrial structure.(3) In response to the potential risks of China's economic slowdown,improving capital efficiency should be the focus of our policy.To establish an inefficient-enterpriseclearing mechanism as well as deepening the reform of corresponding system is the only way to a steady economic growth in the future.

Spontaneous Emergence of Physical Structures and Observable Formations: Fluctuations, Waves, Turbulent Pulsations and So on

As it is known, the closed inexact exterior form and associated closed dual form make up a differential-geometrical structure. Such a differential-geometrical structure describes a physical structure, namely, a pseudostructure on which conservation laws are fulfilled (A closed dual form describes a pseudostructure. And a closed exterior form, as it is known, describes a conservative quantity, since the differential of closed form is equal to zero). It has been shown that closed inexact exterior forms, which describe physical structures, are obtained from the equations of mathematical physics. This process proceeds spontaneously under realization of any degrees of freedom of the material medium described. Such a process describes an emergence of physical structures and this is accompanied by an appearance of observed formations such as fluctuations, waves, turbulent pulsations and so on.

Spatiotemporal variations of aridity in China during 1961–2015: decomposition and attribution

Changes in global climate intensify the hydrological cycle, directly influence precipitation, evaporation, runoff, and cause the re-distribution of water resources in time and space. The aridity index （AI）, defined as the ratio of annual precipitation to annual potential evapotranspiration, is a widely used numerical indicator to quantify the degree of dryness at a given location. This study examined the effects of climate change on Al in China during 1961-2015. The results showed that the nationally averaged AI experienced a notable interdecadal transition in 1993, characterized by increasing AI （wetter） between 1961 and 1993, and decreasing AI （drier） after 1993. Overall, the decreased solar radiation （solar dimming） was the main factor affected the nationally averaged AI during 1961-1993, while the relative humidity dominated the variations of nationally averaged AI during 1993-2015. However, the roles of individual factors on the changes in AI vary in different subregions. Precipitation is one of the important contributing factors for the changes orAl in almost all subregions, except the Mid-Lower Yangtze and Huaihe basins. Solar radiation has been significantly decreased during 1961-1993 in South China, Southwest China, Mid-Lower Yangtze and Huaihe basins, and the Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, it dominated the trends of AI in these subregions. The relative humidity mainly affected the Mid-Lower Yangtze and Huaihe basins, Southwest China, and the Tibetan Plateau during 1993-2015, hence dominated the trends of Al in these subregions. The changes of temperature and wind speed, however, played a relatively weak role in the variations of AI.

Nanoengineering of Flux Pinning Sites in High-T_c Superconductors

Volume pinning forces were determined for a variety of bulk high-Tc superconductors of the 123-type from magnetization measurements. By means of scaling of the pinning forces, the acting pinning mechanisms in various temperature ranges were identified. The Nd-based superconductors and some YBCO crystals exhibited a dominating pinning of the δTc-type (i.e. , small, superconducting pinning sites). In contrast to this, the addition of insulating 211 particles provided pinning of the δ/-type; providing effective pinning in the entire temperature range acting as a 'background' pinning mechanism for the peak effect. Due to the small coherence lengths of the high-Tc compounds, effective pinning sites are defects or particles of nanometer size relative to ζ3. Integral magnetic measurements of the magnetization as a function of temperature in large applied magnetic fields (up to 7 T) revealed that practically all high-Tc compounds were spatially inhomogeneous, which could be caused by oxygen deficiency (YBCO), solid solutions of Nd/Ba (NdBCO and other light rare earth compounds), intergrowths (Bi-based superconductors), and doping by pair-breaking dopants like Zn, Pr. This implies that the superconducting sample consists of stronger and weaker superconducting areas, coupled together. In large applied fields, this coupling gets broken and the magnetization versus temperature curves revealed more than one superconducting transition. In contrast, irradiation experiments by neutrons, protons, and heavy-ions enabled the artificial introduction of very effective pinning sites into the high-Tc superconductors, thus creating a large variety of different observations using magnetic data. From all these observations, we construct a pinning diagram for bulk high-Tc superconductors explaining many features observed in high-Tc samples.