Through long-term observations and repeated practices of human body structure,anatomical knowledge in ancient China has gradually developed from the sprouting period when ancient Chinese hunted animals for survival,to...Through long-term observations and repeated practices of human body structure,anatomical knowledge in ancient China has gradually developed from the sprouting period when ancient Chinese hunted animals for survival,to anatomical exploration,which breaks the shackles of fear and religious rites.For example,Hua Tuo(华佗),a famous doctor in the period of The Three Kingdoms,did exquisite abdominal surgery;Yan Luozi(烟萝子),a Taoist priest in the period of The Five Dynasties,drew a map of human anatomy;Wang Weiyi(王唯一),a medical official in Northern Song dynasty,was responsible for casting acupuncture bronze figures,an anatomical mold for practicing acupuncture;Song Ci(宋慈),a forensic expert in Southern Song Dynasty,wrote Xi Yuan Ji Lu(《洗冤集录》Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified);Wang Qingren(王清任),a physician in Qing Dynasty wrote Yi Lin Gai Cuo(《医林改错》Correction on Errors in Medical Works).Ancient Chinese anatomy is far ahead of Western anatomy in understanding and describing human body structures.It has made great contributions to the emergence of Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》Huangdi's Internal Classic)and laid a solid foundation for the establishment of visceral manifestation theory and meridian and collateral theory.Even now,it has served the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical practices.Anatomical knowledges,such as relevant operation records,books,Atlas,models in ancient China,especially the names of Zangorgan and Fu-organ,bones and five sense organs,are still used in modern anatomy and modern medicine,making indelible contributions to the development of modern anatomy in China.展开更多
Confucius,Mencius,and Xunzi were representatives of pre-Qin Confucian scholars.Confucius,founder of Confucianism,took ren(benevolence)as the core,yi(righteousness)and li(propriety and rituals)as the wings.These three ...Confucius,Mencius,and Xunzi were representatives of pre-Qin Confucian scholars.Confucius,founder of Confucianism,took ren(benevolence)as the core,yi(righteousness)and li(propriety and rituals)as the wings.These three concepts are complementary to one another,forming the framework of Confucianism.Mencius insisted that human nature is inherently good and on the equal importance of ren and yi,while Xunzi insisted that human nature is inherently evil and on the equal importance of ren and li.Both developed the doctrines of Confucius. ese three thinkers’thoughts laid the foundation for Confucian traditions,which had great impact on the evolution of traditional society and helped form the character of the Chinese nation.展开更多
文摘Through long-term observations and repeated practices of human body structure,anatomical knowledge in ancient China has gradually developed from the sprouting period when ancient Chinese hunted animals for survival,to anatomical exploration,which breaks the shackles of fear and religious rites.For example,Hua Tuo(华佗),a famous doctor in the period of The Three Kingdoms,did exquisite abdominal surgery;Yan Luozi(烟萝子),a Taoist priest in the period of The Five Dynasties,drew a map of human anatomy;Wang Weiyi(王唯一),a medical official in Northern Song dynasty,was responsible for casting acupuncture bronze figures,an anatomical mold for practicing acupuncture;Song Ci(宋慈),a forensic expert in Southern Song Dynasty,wrote Xi Yuan Ji Lu(《洗冤集录》Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified);Wang Qingren(王清任),a physician in Qing Dynasty wrote Yi Lin Gai Cuo(《医林改错》Correction on Errors in Medical Works).Ancient Chinese anatomy is far ahead of Western anatomy in understanding and describing human body structures.It has made great contributions to the emergence of Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》Huangdi's Internal Classic)and laid a solid foundation for the establishment of visceral manifestation theory and meridian and collateral theory.Even now,it has served the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical practices.Anatomical knowledges,such as relevant operation records,books,Atlas,models in ancient China,especially the names of Zangorgan and Fu-organ,bones and five sense organs,are still used in modern anatomy and modern medicine,making indelible contributions to the development of modern anatomy in China.
文摘Confucius,Mencius,and Xunzi were representatives of pre-Qin Confucian scholars.Confucius,founder of Confucianism,took ren(benevolence)as the core,yi(righteousness)and li(propriety and rituals)as the wings.These three concepts are complementary to one another,forming the framework of Confucianism.Mencius insisted that human nature is inherently good and on the equal importance of ren and yi,while Xunzi insisted that human nature is inherently evil and on the equal importance of ren and li.Both developed the doctrines of Confucius. ese three thinkers’thoughts laid the foundation for Confucian traditions,which had great impact on the evolution of traditional society and helped form the character of the Chinese nation.
