Exploring the inner law of the economic operation of urbanization can understand the regulation mechanism of the optimal distribution of urban resource allocation. In this regard, we propose to explore and analyze the...Exploring the inner law of the economic operation of urbanization can understand the regulation mechanism of the optimal distribution of urban resource allocation. In this regard, we propose to explore and analyze the inner law of urbanization economic operation and its application. The study found that the urbanization economy originated from the urban agglomeration effect, which includes the agglomeration economic operation mechanism and spillover effect operation mechanism, based on which three kinds of inner laws of urbanization economic operation are explored, combined with the economic operation law, the non-equilibrium state of the declining cities are regulated and applied, and the results show that the analysis of the inner laws of urbanization economic operation has a direct significance in guiding the real economic process.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on the operation mechanism of claim in civil procedure law and the applications on the court trial way reform. The ultimate goal of the rule of law lies in identifying and protecting...In this paper, we conduct research on the operation mechanism of claim in civil procedure law and the applications on the court trial way reform. The ultimate goal of the rule of law lies in identifying and protecting the rights of citizens. Way to protect the rights of citizens is diverse, but the judicial relief is the most basic and important form of insurance. Everyone can “into” the court and get the impartiality of the judicial relief, is a measure of a country judicial level height and the rule of law implementation degree of important yardstick. Judicial system and judicial procedure to build and build a better, if the subject of litigation rights are not being met and the safeguard, can’t get through the door and it is the legislators and legal scholars over the many efforts are meaningless, under this basic condition, we propose the new perspective on the corresponding issues that is necessary.展开更多
The study area is located at the southwest border of Yunnan Province and the southward extended part of Nushan Mountain,with complex and fragile geo-environmental conditions.Deep geological survey and mathematical ana...The study area is located at the southwest border of Yunnan Province and the southward extended part of Nushan Mountain,with complex and fragile geo-environmental conditions.Deep geological survey and mathematical analytical investigation on the geohazard distribution and hazard-causing mechanisms in this area were carried out in this study.The results revealed that:(1)The development of geohazards was affected differently by difierent slope shapes,slope structures and elevations;(2)Most of the geohazards were developed in medium shallow cut ridge-like medium-height mountainous geomorphological region and shallow cut steamed bun-like low and medium-height mountainous geomorphological region,and they were relatively concentrated on tectonic zones like fault zones;(3)The slopes formed by loose earth piling up on the surface of Indo-Chinese magmatic rock and Lancang Group metamorphic rock formations were most prone to slope instability and even landslide.The deep study on the geohazard distribution and hazard-causing mechanisms can provide geoscientific basis and reference for the prevention and mitigation work of geohazards under similar geo-environmental conditions.展开更多
The basis of the legal protection of resource security is its relative laws, which have four main characteristics, which are foundational, divergent, comprehensive and of long-term social benefits in view. The coordin...The basis of the legal protection of resource security is its relative laws, which have four main characteristics, which are foundational, divergent, comprehensive and of long-term social benefits in view. The coordination mechanism of the legal protection of resource security with its relative laws meets the needs of the sustainable development of the economy, society and environment. It also facilitates and is facilitated by the modern transformation of the legal system in China, and upholds the legal system as a logically self-perfecting entity. Furthermore, this coordination bears scientific feasibility.展开更多
General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech on China’s Path of Human Rights at a group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on February 25,2022.Persisting with the law-bas...General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech on China’s Path of Human Rights at a group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on February 25,2022.Persisting with the law-based protection of human rights and improving the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law are essential for unswervingly following the development path of human rights in China.The improvement of the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law necessitates adhering to the principle of respecting the dominant role of the people and removing the institutional obstacles in rule of law protection of human rights;to comprehensively strengthen the implementation of the Constitution,advance the filing and examination of the Constitution,and safeguard the authority of the Constitution;to accelerate the theoretical innovation of human rights and the construction of the discipline system,the academic system and the discourse system of human rights that meet the needs of the new era in China,and to actively participate in and contribute to the global governance on human rights,etc.Improving the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law can provide a solid protection for people enjoying a better life.展开更多
The Yellow River has a vast catchment area and historically it is the mother river of the Chinese nation. Now it serves as one of the main theatres for the on-going national campaign to develop China's western... The Yellow River has a vast catchment area and historically it is the mother river of the Chinese nation. Now it serves as one of the main theatres for the on-going national campaign to develop China's western hinterland.……展开更多
Marine life is very sensitive to changes in pH.Even slight changes can cause ecosystems to collapse.Therefore,understanding the future pH of seawater is of great significance for the protection of the marine environme...Marine life is very sensitive to changes in pH.Even slight changes can cause ecosystems to collapse.Therefore,understanding the future pH of seawater is of great significance for the protection of the marine environment.At present,the monitoring method of seawater pH has been matured.However,how to accurately predict future changes has been lacking effective solutions.Based on this,the model of bidirectional gated recurrent neural network with multi-headed self-attention based on improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise combined with phase space reconstruction(ICPBGA)is proposed to achieve seawater pH prediction.To verify the validity of this model,pH data of two monitoring sites in the coastal sea area of Beihai,China are selected to verify the effect.At the same time,the ICPBGA model is compared with other excellent models for predicting chaotic time series,and root mean square error(RMSE),mean absolute error(MAE),mean absolute percentage error(MAPE),and coefficient of determination(R2)are used as performance evaluation indicators.The R2 of the ICPBGA model at Sites 1 and 2 are above 0.9,and the prediction errors are also the smallest.The results show that the ICPBGA model has a wide range of applicability and the most satisfactory prediction effect.The prediction method in this paper can be further expanded and used to predict other marine environmental indicators.展开更多
Established within the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) reviews periodically the trade policies of all WTO Members. The review includes many aspects of food...Established within the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) reviews periodically the trade policies of all WTO Members. The review includes many aspects of food safety regulation. China's trade policy is reviewed every two years. This paper analyses in detail the reviews of China's trade policy in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014. It focuses in particular on food safety laws and types of standards, alignment of domestic standards with international standards, the role of different domestic institutions, transparency and notification of food safety measures under the WTO agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) and on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBTAgreement), import and export, and geographical indications (GIs). It concludes that the WTO TPRM can contribute, within its mandate, to reform of Chinese food safety laws and improvement of food safety in China. it notes that China has already undertaken substantial reforms of its system for regulating food safety. It recommends that China should continue to participate actively in the TPRM, follow its own path with regard to alignment and learn selectively from other WTO Members.展开更多
In the present paper, three kinds of forms for Noether’s conservation laws of hol-onomic nonconservative dynamical systems in generalized mechanics are given.
To optimize the overall layout of water resource allocation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the adaptabil‐ity of the water resource system to the regional social-ecological systems has to be enhanced.Based on the...To optimize the overall layout of water resource allocation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the adaptabil‐ity of the water resource system to the regional social-ecological systems has to be enhanced.Based on the driver-pressure-state-impact-response(DPSIR)framework,this study constructs an evaluation index system to analyze the adaptability mechanisms of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei’s water resource system according to the three major constituent social-ecological systems(i.e.,economic,social,and ecological systems).Moreover,it adopts the technique of order preference similarity to the ideal solution(TOPSIS)to comprehensively evaluate the adaptability of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei’s water resource system based on three constituent social-ecological systems(i.e.,economic,social,and ecological systems)and identifies the spatiotemporal differentiation char‐acteristics of the region.Our results showed that,①from 2000 to 2020,the adaptability of Beijing-Tianjin Hebei’s water resource system,as a whole,significantly improved.In terms of stages,from 2000 to 2007,the adaptability of the water resource social system was significantly higher than that of economic and ecological systems in the region.From 2008 to 2015,by accelerating the transformation and upgrading of industrial structures,improving the efficiency of economic water utilization,and strengthening the governance of the water ecosystem,the adaptability of water resource economic and ecological systems rapidly improved;how‐ever,that of the water resource ecological system was still the lowest.Additionally,the adaptability of the wa‐ter resource economic system exceeded that of the social system.From 2016 to 2020,the gap in adaptability of the water resource system to all three major constituent systems gradually narrowed.By 2020,the three sys‐tems entered a relatively balanced development stage,with the adaptability of the entire water resource system and the three major constituent systems maintaining a high level.②The economic system was significantly af‐fected by per capita GDP,per capita water resources,and the efficiency of economic water utilization.Addition‐ally,the social system was significantly affected by water consumption per unit of irrigation area.Meanwhile,the ecological system was significantly influenced by precipitation,water pollution discharge performance indi‐cators,and the structure optimization indicators of water supply.According to the evaluation results,we pro‐pose countermeasures and provide recommendations to optimize the overall layout of water resource alloca‐tion and promote the coordinated management of water resources in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.展开更多
The cleavage force F(z) needed to separate parallel atomic planes by a distance z is first discussed for simple s-p metals using density functional theory.For the s-p nearly free-electron metals the linearized Thomas-...The cleavage force F(z) needed to separate parallel atomic planes by a distance z is first discussed for simple s-p metals using density functional theory.For the s-p nearly free-electron metals the linearized Thomas-Fermi equation is solved self-consistently in the cases of (a) semi-infinite planes of jellium (i.e. smeared uniform positive ions) and (b) a semi-infinite cylinder of finite radius, cleaved by a plane perpendicular to its axis. In (a), the elastic region has the form F(z)=Az ∝ Zrs-11/2, where rs is the mean interelectronic distance in the jellium model. Size effects are then considered, with possible relevance to atomic force microscopy.Defect energies are treated, using both electron theory and pair force laws.展开更多
Erigeron annuus(L.)Pers.,an alien species,is widely distributed in most areas of China.It was included in the third batch of invasive alien species list by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China,and it is a ...Erigeron annuus(L.)Pers.,an alien species,is widely distributed in most areas of China.It was included in the third batch of invasive alien species list by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China,and it is a first-level malignant invasive plant.Due to its great reproducibility with a mass of seeds,power adaptability to the external environment and strong allelopathy,it has highly invasive and adaptability,and has affected the development of the agriculture and forestry,the diversity of local species and the ecosystem.In this paper,we summarized the current invasion situation,invasion and adaptation mechanism of E.annuus,and prospected further research on E.annuus invasion mechanism,hoping to provide a reference for realizing its effective management.展开更多
The article is devoted to hitherto never undertaken applying an almost unknown logically formalized axiomatic epistemology-and-axiology system called “Sigma-V” to the Third Newton’s Law of mechanics. The author has...The article is devoted to hitherto never undertaken applying an almost unknown logically formalized axiomatic epistemology-and-axiology system called “Sigma-V” to the Third Newton’s Law of mechanics. The author has continued investigating the extraordinary (paradigm-breaking) hypothesis of formal-axiological interpreting Newton’s mathematical principles of natural philosophy and, thus, has arrived to discrete mathematical modeling a system of formal axiology of nature by extracting and systematical studying its proper algebraic aspect. Along with the proper algebraic machinery, the axiomatic (hypothetic-deductive) method is exploited in this investigation systematically. The research results are the followings. 1) The Third Newton’s Law of mechanics has been modeled by a formal-axiological equation of two-valued algebraic system of metaphysics as formal axiology. (Precise defining the algebraic system is provided.) The formal-axiological equation has been established (and examined) in this algebraic system by accurate computing compositions of relevant evaluation-functions. Precise tabular definitions of the evaluation-functions are given. 2) The wonderful formula representing the Third Newton’s Law (in the relevant physical interpretation of the formal theory Sigma-V) has been derived logically in Sigma-V from the presumption of a-priori-ness of knowledge. A precise axiomatic definition of the nontrivial notion “a-priori-ness of knowledge” is given. The formal derivation is implemented in strict accordance with the rigor standard of D. Hilbert’s formalism;hence, checking the formal derivation submitted in this article is not a difficult task. With respect to proper theoretical physics, the formal inference is a nontrivial scientific novelty which has not been discussed and published elsewhere yet.展开更多
The welding wire feed mechanism is an important component of welding equipment, both reliability and stabilization are the premise that the welding quality can be ensured. The PID is currently adapted to control the w...The welding wire feed mechanism is an important component of welding equipment, both reliability and stabilization are the premise that the welding quality can be ensured. The PID is currently adapted to control the welding wire feed mechanism, although the fuzzy PID has advantage of fast response and adaptation, the precision of fuzzy PID is lower. Accordingly, the fuzzy self-adaptive PID controller was proposed through changing fuzzy input variables and output variables based on variable universe, simple furwtion is adopted as scaling factor, the fuzzy PID controller parameters are adjusted to improve the precision and adjustment range. Simulation results show that control effects of fuzzy self-adaptive PID adopted by the welding wire feed mechanism have good adaptive ability and robustness based on variable universe, the welding experiments indicate that the welding quality met the requirements actually.展开更多
Finding that in the formula of expansion of a function into a series of wave-like functions ?the coefficients are its Fourier transforms, if existed, we deduce mathematically all the principles and hypothesis that ill...Finding that in the formula of expansion of a function into a series of wave-like functions ?the coefficients are its Fourier transforms, if existed, we deduce mathematically all the principles and hypothesis that illustrated physicists utilized to build quantum mechanics a century ago, beginning with the duality particle-wave principle of Planck and including the Schrödinger equations. By the way, we find a simple Fourier transform relation between Dirac momentum and position bras and a useful permutation relation between operators in phase and Hilbert spaces. Moreover, from the found particle-wave duality formula we prove and obtain again essentially by mathematical analysis all the laws of wave optics concerning reflections, refractions, polarizations, diffractions by one or many identical 3D objects with various forms and dimensions.展开更多
Spatial straight line mechanisms are a class of spatial mechanisms whose end-effectors generate the trajectory with the form of exact straight lines, which have potential applications in many industrial sectors. This ...Spatial straight line mechanisms are a class of spatial mechanisms whose end-effectors generate the trajectory with the form of exact straight lines, which have potential applications in many industrial sectors. This study aims to synthesis the spatial straight line mechanisms with only revolute joints, meaning that no prismatic joints are included. According to the generalized function sets and the law of one dimensional rotation, the type of compositions of characteristic and the corresponding conditions are derived. Furthermore, some novel symmetrical and asymmetrical spatial straight line mechanisms are synthesized through assembling specific kinematic chains under the corresponding conditions. Finally, several synthesized spatial straight line mechanisms are illustrated to show the effectiveness of the synthesis methodology.展开更多
A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguisha...A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguishable. This result is a consequence of the H-theorem which assumes homogeneity and indistinguishability of particles. However, when a thermal feedback path is added, in which heat carriers have physical properties different from the photons in the isolator, then a heterogeneous system is formed not covered by the H-theorem, and the second law is violated.展开更多
In the communication field, during transmission, a source signal undergoes a convolutive distortion between its symbols and the channel impulse response. This distortion is referred to as Intersymbol Interference (ISI...In the communication field, during transmission, a source signal undergoes a convolutive distortion between its symbols and the channel impulse response. This distortion is referred to as Intersymbol Interference (ISI) and can be reduced significantly by applying a blind adaptive deconvolution process (blind adaptive equalizer) on the distorted received symbols. But, since the entire blind deconvolution process is carried out with no training symbols and the channel’s coefficients are obviously unknown to the receiver, no actual indication can be given (via the mean square error (MSE) or ISI expression) during the deconvolution process whether the blind adaptive equalizer succeeded to remove the heavy ISI from the transmitted symbols or not. Up to now, the output of a convolution and deconvolution process was mainly investigated from the ISI point of view. In this paper, the output of a convolution and deconvolution process is inspected from the leading digit point of view. Simulation results indicate that for the 4PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) and 16QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) input case, the number “1” is the leading digit at the output of a convolution and deconvolution process respectively as long as heavy ISI exists. However, this leading digit does not follow exactly Benford’s Law but follows approximately the leading digit (digit 1) of a Gaussian process for independent identically distributed input symbols and a channel with many coefficients.展开更多
According to the cover rock caving features,the gob of fully mechanized caving face was divided into 3 zones: natural collected zone,pressure effecting zone and press stable zone.Based on these and the gob gas flow co...According to the cover rock caving features,the gob of fully mechanized caving face was divided into 3 zones: natural collected zone,pressure effecting zone and press stable zone.Based on these and the gob gas flow control equation,and considered the in- fluence to the mining fissured zone of gas drainage,also made use of CFD software,we found an not uniform 3D numerical model of gob gas seepage and got the gas emission law in gob of fully mechanized caving face (with or without discharge measures),and this can guide the engineering practice in some aspects.展开更多
文摘Exploring the inner law of the economic operation of urbanization can understand the regulation mechanism of the optimal distribution of urban resource allocation. In this regard, we propose to explore and analyze the inner law of urbanization economic operation and its application. The study found that the urbanization economy originated from the urban agglomeration effect, which includes the agglomeration economic operation mechanism and spillover effect operation mechanism, based on which three kinds of inner laws of urbanization economic operation are explored, combined with the economic operation law, the non-equilibrium state of the declining cities are regulated and applied, and the results show that the analysis of the inner laws of urbanization economic operation has a direct significance in guiding the real economic process.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the operation mechanism of claim in civil procedure law and the applications on the court trial way reform. The ultimate goal of the rule of law lies in identifying and protecting the rights of citizens. Way to protect the rights of citizens is diverse, but the judicial relief is the most basic and important form of insurance. Everyone can “into” the court and get the impartiality of the judicial relief, is a measure of a country judicial level height and the rule of law implementation degree of important yardstick. Judicial system and judicial procedure to build and build a better, if the subject of litigation rights are not being met and the safeguard, can’t get through the door and it is the legislators and legal scholars over the many efforts are meaningless, under this basic condition, we propose the new perspective on the corresponding issues that is necessary.
文摘The study area is located at the southwest border of Yunnan Province and the southward extended part of Nushan Mountain,with complex and fragile geo-environmental conditions.Deep geological survey and mathematical analytical investigation on the geohazard distribution and hazard-causing mechanisms in this area were carried out in this study.The results revealed that:(1)The development of geohazards was affected differently by difierent slope shapes,slope structures and elevations;(2)Most of the geohazards were developed in medium shallow cut ridge-like medium-height mountainous geomorphological region and shallow cut steamed bun-like low and medium-height mountainous geomorphological region,and they were relatively concentrated on tectonic zones like fault zones;(3)The slopes formed by loose earth piling up on the surface of Indo-Chinese magmatic rock and Lancang Group metamorphic rock formations were most prone to slope instability and even landslide.The deep study on the geohazard distribution and hazard-causing mechanisms can provide geoscientific basis and reference for the prevention and mitigation work of geohazards under similar geo-environmental conditions.
文摘The basis of the legal protection of resource security is its relative laws, which have four main characteristics, which are foundational, divergent, comprehensive and of long-term social benefits in view. The coordination mechanism of the legal protection of resource security with its relative laws meets the needs of the sustainable development of the economy, society and environment. It also facilitates and is facilitated by the modern transformation of the legal system in China, and upholds the legal system as a logically self-perfecting entity. Furthermore, this coordination bears scientific feasibility.
文摘General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech on China’s Path of Human Rights at a group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on February 25,2022.Persisting with the law-based protection of human rights and improving the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law are essential for unswervingly following the development path of human rights in China.The improvement of the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law necessitates adhering to the principle of respecting the dominant role of the people and removing the institutional obstacles in rule of law protection of human rights;to comprehensively strengthen the implementation of the Constitution,advance the filing and examination of the Constitution,and safeguard the authority of the Constitution;to accelerate the theoretical innovation of human rights and the construction of the discipline system,the academic system and the discourse system of human rights that meet the needs of the new era in China,and to actively participate in and contribute to the global governance on human rights,etc.Improving the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law can provide a solid protection for people enjoying a better life.
文摘 The Yellow River has a vast catchment area and historically it is the mother river of the Chinese nation. Now it serves as one of the main theatres for the on-going national campaign to develop China's western hinterland.……
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.62275228the S&T Program of Hebei under contract Nos 19273901D and 20373301Dthe Hebei Natural Science Foundation under contract No.F2020203066.
文摘Marine life is very sensitive to changes in pH.Even slight changes can cause ecosystems to collapse.Therefore,understanding the future pH of seawater is of great significance for the protection of the marine environment.At present,the monitoring method of seawater pH has been matured.However,how to accurately predict future changes has been lacking effective solutions.Based on this,the model of bidirectional gated recurrent neural network with multi-headed self-attention based on improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise combined with phase space reconstruction(ICPBGA)is proposed to achieve seawater pH prediction.To verify the validity of this model,pH data of two monitoring sites in the coastal sea area of Beihai,China are selected to verify the effect.At the same time,the ICPBGA model is compared with other excellent models for predicting chaotic time series,and root mean square error(RMSE),mean absolute error(MAE),mean absolute percentage error(MAPE),and coefficient of determination(R2)are used as performance evaluation indicators.The R2 of the ICPBGA model at Sites 1 and 2 are above 0.9,and the prediction errors are also the smallest.The results show that the ICPBGA model has a wide range of applicability and the most satisfactory prediction effect.The prediction method in this paper can be further expanded and used to predict other marine environmental indicators.
基金Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, ChinaPeking University School of Transnational Law, China
文摘Established within the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) reviews periodically the trade policies of all WTO Members. The review includes many aspects of food safety regulation. China's trade policy is reviewed every two years. This paper analyses in detail the reviews of China's trade policy in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014. It focuses in particular on food safety laws and types of standards, alignment of domestic standards with international standards, the role of different domestic institutions, transparency and notification of food safety measures under the WTO agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) and on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBTAgreement), import and export, and geographical indications (GIs). It concludes that the WTO TPRM can contribute, within its mandate, to reform of Chinese food safety laws and improvement of food safety in China. it notes that China has already undertaken substantial reforms of its system for regulating food safety. It recommends that China should continue to participate actively in the TPRM, follow its own path with regard to alignment and learn selectively from other WTO Members.
文摘In the present paper, three kinds of forms for Noether’s conservation laws of hol-onomic nonconservative dynamical systems in generalized mechanics are given.
基金This paper was supported by the Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education“Research on the optimal adapt‐ability of basin initial water rights and industrial structures under the rigid constraints of water resource”[Grant number:21YJCZH176]Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation of China“Research on Bi-directional optimal adaptability of water resource and indus‐trial structures under the coordinated development of the Beijing Tianjin-Hebei region”[Grant number:9202005].
文摘To optimize the overall layout of water resource allocation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the adaptabil‐ity of the water resource system to the regional social-ecological systems has to be enhanced.Based on the driver-pressure-state-impact-response(DPSIR)framework,this study constructs an evaluation index system to analyze the adaptability mechanisms of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei’s water resource system according to the three major constituent social-ecological systems(i.e.,economic,social,and ecological systems).Moreover,it adopts the technique of order preference similarity to the ideal solution(TOPSIS)to comprehensively evaluate the adaptability of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei’s water resource system based on three constituent social-ecological systems(i.e.,economic,social,and ecological systems)and identifies the spatiotemporal differentiation char‐acteristics of the region.Our results showed that,①from 2000 to 2020,the adaptability of Beijing-Tianjin Hebei’s water resource system,as a whole,significantly improved.In terms of stages,from 2000 to 2007,the adaptability of the water resource social system was significantly higher than that of economic and ecological systems in the region.From 2008 to 2015,by accelerating the transformation and upgrading of industrial structures,improving the efficiency of economic water utilization,and strengthening the governance of the water ecosystem,the adaptability of water resource economic and ecological systems rapidly improved;how‐ever,that of the water resource ecological system was still the lowest.Additionally,the adaptability of the wa‐ter resource economic system exceeded that of the social system.From 2016 to 2020,the gap in adaptability of the water resource system to all three major constituent systems gradually narrowed.By 2020,the three sys‐tems entered a relatively balanced development stage,with the adaptability of the entire water resource system and the three major constituent systems maintaining a high level.②The economic system was significantly af‐fected by per capita GDP,per capita water resources,and the efficiency of economic water utilization.Addition‐ally,the social system was significantly affected by water consumption per unit of irrigation area.Meanwhile,the ecological system was significantly influenced by precipitation,water pollution discharge performance indi‐cators,and the structure optimization indicators of water supply.According to the evaluation results,we pro‐pose countermeasures and provide recommendations to optimize the overall layout of water resource alloca‐tion and promote the coordinated management of water resources in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.
文摘The cleavage force F(z) needed to separate parallel atomic planes by a distance z is first discussed for simple s-p metals using density functional theory.For the s-p nearly free-electron metals the linearized Thomas-Fermi equation is solved self-consistently in the cases of (a) semi-infinite planes of jellium (i.e. smeared uniform positive ions) and (b) a semi-infinite cylinder of finite radius, cleaved by a plane perpendicular to its axis. In (a), the elastic region has the form F(z)=Az ∝ Zrs-11/2, where rs is the mean interelectronic distance in the jellium model. Size effects are then considered, with possible relevance to atomic force microscopy.Defect energies are treated, using both electron theory and pair force laws.
基金Supported by Outstanding Youth Project of Hunan Provincial Education Department(18B461)Hunan Science and Technology Innovation Program(2019NK4170).
文摘Erigeron annuus(L.)Pers.,an alien species,is widely distributed in most areas of China.It was included in the third batch of invasive alien species list by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China,and it is a first-level malignant invasive plant.Due to its great reproducibility with a mass of seeds,power adaptability to the external environment and strong allelopathy,it has highly invasive and adaptability,and has affected the development of the agriculture and forestry,the diversity of local species and the ecosystem.In this paper,we summarized the current invasion situation,invasion and adaptation mechanism of E.annuus,and prospected further research on E.annuus invasion mechanism,hoping to provide a reference for realizing its effective management.
文摘The article is devoted to hitherto never undertaken applying an almost unknown logically formalized axiomatic epistemology-and-axiology system called “Sigma-V” to the Third Newton’s Law of mechanics. The author has continued investigating the extraordinary (paradigm-breaking) hypothesis of formal-axiological interpreting Newton’s mathematical principles of natural philosophy and, thus, has arrived to discrete mathematical modeling a system of formal axiology of nature by extracting and systematical studying its proper algebraic aspect. Along with the proper algebraic machinery, the axiomatic (hypothetic-deductive) method is exploited in this investigation systematically. The research results are the followings. 1) The Third Newton’s Law of mechanics has been modeled by a formal-axiological equation of two-valued algebraic system of metaphysics as formal axiology. (Precise defining the algebraic system is provided.) The formal-axiological equation has been established (and examined) in this algebraic system by accurate computing compositions of relevant evaluation-functions. Precise tabular definitions of the evaluation-functions are given. 2) The wonderful formula representing the Third Newton’s Law (in the relevant physical interpretation of the formal theory Sigma-V) has been derived logically in Sigma-V from the presumption of a-priori-ness of knowledge. A precise axiomatic definition of the nontrivial notion “a-priori-ness of knowledge” is given. The formal derivation is implemented in strict accordance with the rigor standard of D. Hilbert’s formalism;hence, checking the formal derivation submitted in this article is not a difficult task. With respect to proper theoretical physics, the formal inference is a nontrivial scientific novelty which has not been discussed and published elsewhere yet.
文摘The welding wire feed mechanism is an important component of welding equipment, both reliability and stabilization are the premise that the welding quality can be ensured. The PID is currently adapted to control the welding wire feed mechanism, although the fuzzy PID has advantage of fast response and adaptation, the precision of fuzzy PID is lower. Accordingly, the fuzzy self-adaptive PID controller was proposed through changing fuzzy input variables and output variables based on variable universe, simple furwtion is adopted as scaling factor, the fuzzy PID controller parameters are adjusted to improve the precision and adjustment range. Simulation results show that control effects of fuzzy self-adaptive PID adopted by the welding wire feed mechanism have good adaptive ability and robustness based on variable universe, the welding experiments indicate that the welding quality met the requirements actually.
文摘Finding that in the formula of expansion of a function into a series of wave-like functions ?the coefficients are its Fourier transforms, if existed, we deduce mathematically all the principles and hypothesis that illustrated physicists utilized to build quantum mechanics a century ago, beginning with the duality particle-wave principle of Planck and including the Schrödinger equations. By the way, we find a simple Fourier transform relation between Dirac momentum and position bras and a useful permutation relation between operators in phase and Hilbert spaces. Moreover, from the found particle-wave duality formula we prove and obtain again essentially by mathematical analysis all the laws of wave optics concerning reflections, refractions, polarizations, diffractions by one or many identical 3D objects with various forms and dimensions.
基金National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,No.2006CB705402)National Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.2009ZX04013-021)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51008288)
文摘Spatial straight line mechanisms are a class of spatial mechanisms whose end-effectors generate the trajectory with the form of exact straight lines, which have potential applications in many industrial sectors. This study aims to synthesis the spatial straight line mechanisms with only revolute joints, meaning that no prismatic joints are included. According to the generalized function sets and the law of one dimensional rotation, the type of compositions of characteristic and the corresponding conditions are derived. Furthermore, some novel symmetrical and asymmetrical spatial straight line mechanisms are synthesized through assembling specific kinematic chains under the corresponding conditions. Finally, several synthesized spatial straight line mechanisms are illustrated to show the effectiveness of the synthesis methodology.
文摘A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguishable. This result is a consequence of the H-theorem which assumes homogeneity and indistinguishability of particles. However, when a thermal feedback path is added, in which heat carriers have physical properties different from the photons in the isolator, then a heterogeneous system is formed not covered by the H-theorem, and the second law is violated.
文摘In the communication field, during transmission, a source signal undergoes a convolutive distortion between its symbols and the channel impulse response. This distortion is referred to as Intersymbol Interference (ISI) and can be reduced significantly by applying a blind adaptive deconvolution process (blind adaptive equalizer) on the distorted received symbols. But, since the entire blind deconvolution process is carried out with no training symbols and the channel’s coefficients are obviously unknown to the receiver, no actual indication can be given (via the mean square error (MSE) or ISI expression) during the deconvolution process whether the blind adaptive equalizer succeeded to remove the heavy ISI from the transmitted symbols or not. Up to now, the output of a convolution and deconvolution process was mainly investigated from the ISI point of view. In this paper, the output of a convolution and deconvolution process is inspected from the leading digit point of view. Simulation results indicate that for the 4PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) and 16QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) input case, the number “1” is the leading digit at the output of a convolution and deconvolution process respectively as long as heavy ISI exists. However, this leading digit does not follow exactly Benford’s Law but follows approximately the leading digit (digit 1) of a Gaussian process for independent identically distributed input symbols and a channel with many coefficients.
基金The project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of High Education of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant No. 04KJA130135 and the "Qing Lan" Project Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China
基金the National Natural Science Foundation Project of China(505740720)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Shaanxi Province(2006E203)
文摘According to the cover rock caving features,the gob of fully mechanized caving face was divided into 3 zones: natural collected zone,pressure effecting zone and press stable zone.Based on these and the gob gas flow control equation,and considered the in- fluence to the mining fissured zone of gas drainage,also made use of CFD software,we found an not uniform 3D numerical model of gob gas seepage and got the gas emission law in gob of fully mechanized caving face (with or without discharge measures),and this can guide the engineering practice in some aspects.