New Administration Systems for the World Countries and Sense of Justice ＆ Continuity in the System Administration

In this work, some of the results of the synthesis about the administration systems are expressed. The Author defined four new case theories and 23 main methods, and defined five general political/non-political administration system categories for the world countries. Each system is defined with the related 12 sub blocs to solve the general and specific problems of communities, territories, states and/or countries. Each bloc includes presidency, council, committees, associations and R-autonomous construction. For each of these five administration system categories, and for each of their sub blocs, general/specific system administration construction is defined with its 21 blocs. Importance of both sense of justice and continuity/sustainability are described with the related 21 categories defined for each of these perspective. Types of system administration are defined for five categories of administration systems. General and specific characteristics and possible fundamental and representative duties of country presidency system are defined. Ideal political constructions are defined for each of five general administration system categories. Specific way of integration of the past and present politic/non-politic groups into the ideal political construction is defined in multi dimensional form. Constructional centrism, R-Centrism, R-Continuity, R-Democracy, R-Ideology, R-Philosophy, R-Progressive, R-Religion, R-Science, Progressive Religion, ideal stability chart and some other concepts are defined as constructional and/or complementary basics of the systems. Author defined a criterion to measure the value of a country. Effective weight function of a world country is defined as a mathematical function to inspect, observe the performance and progression of a country inside, and/or in the region, and/or in the world. Basic forms of government are re-constructed and/or re-defined as hybrid-powers for each of these five categories of administration systems and general comparison made with the past/present ones. New political constructions are proposed for different party systems, different federation systems in the world. Applications and realization of the four new case theories and 23 main methods are expressed for all world countries. Author defined new or re-constructed 20 regional unions for the world due to new case theories, and one of them （SEAEU） is already officially declared.

Village Council and Administration of Justice:A Study Among the Dimasa Kacharis of Assam

Village council is a socio-political organisation that is the connection between people who relate themselves to each other creates an arrangement of persons that makes unit.It is a part of the large social organisation which refers to the institution which maintains rules and regulation of the society.For instance,stability of every social structure is needed to have the connection between the people who relate themselves to each other creates an arrangement of persons that makes unit.The organisation stands for juridical rights of the people’s safeguard and these juridical obligations are inferred in them.Village organisation coincides as in most cases that villages act as territorial social as well as political unit.The Dimasas inhabited in plains of Assam also have their traditional village council which acts as a socio-political unit into their parochial life.In this paper,an attempt has been made to evaluate the function of village council for the maintenance of peace and smooth functioning of the socio-cultural life of the Dimasa Kacharis inhabiting in a rural context of Assam.

From "Criminal on Death Row" to "Acquittal of Charge"——A showcase of China's human rights protection in the administration of justice

In Januaury 1996, a case of murder shocked the seat of Qiaojia County in Yunnan Province. Eight years later, in February 2004, the county town was again astir with the news that the alleged murderer Sun Wangang returned home after being acquitted of the murder charge.

Judicial Administration Reform Promotes Human Rights——An interview with Zhang Sujun,Vice-Minister of Justice

Following is a transcript of an interview given to Human Rights by Zhang Sujun, China＇s Vice-Minister of Justice, on how the on-going judicial administration reform promotes the protection of human rights in the country.

Chinese Chief Justice on Human Rights Protection in Administration of Justice

In March 2004, the Second Session of the 10th National People's Congress made amendments to the country's Constitution, writing the clause that 'the state respects and protects human rights' into this fundamental law. This marked a new stage of development of human rights in China. President of the Supreme People's Court and Chief Jus- tice Xiao Yang granted an interview to our staff reporter, reviewing how China has in recent years protected human rights in the administration of justice.

Countries＇ Union and Political/Non-Political Administration Systems for the World Countries

In this work, the author noticed that some/most of the problems in the world countries, are because of the past/present differences, disputes about ethnic origins, federation systems, political and/or religious ideologies, organizations, mythologies, religions/sects, organs of governments, party systems, political systems, basic senses, administrations, and others. Purpose of this work, is to solve these problems for all related sides in a country and/or in the world to obtain continuable （political/non-political） administrative system（s） for the world countries by considering countries＇ union theory. The author considered the ＂synthesis＂ method and evaluated, generally/specifically, all these subjects also related philosophy branches, present political ideology spectrums, power sources and structures, public administrations, science branches by considering nearly 12,000 years written historical period. The author also considered his personal contacts with nearly 80,000 people from different political/non-political groups, and from all different position levels of persons, directly/indirectly. The author defined 21 dimensions of the synthesis to categorise the problems, related solutions, and theories he found. General points that can be evaluate as positive and/or negative about each side are expressed. Basic important concepts and definitions about political/non-political administrations of a world country are defined. General types of organizations and administrations in the world are expressed together with some related problems in the present systems. Good and/or correct perspective that must be behind administration（s） is described. Categories and types of interacted sides are explained. Subjects of services mandatory for a world country are defined. Necessity of the new system（s） for two or more sides is expressed. General types of needs for each world country are defined and categorized due to the domestic and international needs and due to possible interaction between two or more sides. As a conclusion, new political/non-political methods are defined to solve general and specific administrative problems between sides in a world country or between different countries. Theory of countries＇ union system is defined. General principles and sense of justice which are necessary for establishing countries＇ union between any two countries are defined.

New Perspective for the Philosophy： Re-Construction ＆ Definition of the New Branches of Philosophy

In this article, author evaluated past/present perspectives about philosophy and branches of philosophy due to historical period, religious perspective, and due to their organized categories/branches or areas. Some types of interactions between some disciplines are given as an example. The purpose of this article is, to solve problems related with philosophy and past branches of philosophy, to define new philosophy perspective in the new system, to define new questions and questioning about philosophy or branches of philosophy, to define new or re-constructed branches of philosophy, to define the relations between the philosophy branches, to define good and/or correct structure of philosophy and branches of philosophy, to extend the definition/limits of philosophy, others. Author considered R-Synthesis as a method for the evaluation of the philosophy and related past branches of philosophy. This R-Synthesis includes general/specific perspective with eight categories, 21-dimensions, and twelve general subjects （with related scope and contents） for the past 12,000 years. It is a kind of synthesis of supernaturalism and naturalism, physics and metaphysics, others. In this article, author expressed 27 possible definitive/certain result cases of the new synthesis and defined the possible formation stages to express new theories, new disciplines, theory of interaction, theory of relation, hybrid theory, and others as constructional and/or complementary theories. These theories are considered for 21 major effective disciplines which are defined for a country and for the world. New philosophy perspective, branches of philosophy, and aims/purposes of R-Philosophy are defined to organize many inquiries about the name, number, and relation between special subject ＂X＂ and ＂philosophy of X＂ in some manner. This new perspective includes necessary and sufficient number of philosophy branches, and so it limits the number of ＂philosophy of X＂ in the philosophical system. New Era Philosophy is defined with its sub branches, its constructional philosophies, and with its 8D hybrid philosophy perspective. Ideal Philosophical System is defined with general/specific figure. Some of the new and/or re-constructed branches of philosophy explained with the new defined set of questions, new sub branches and constructional philosophies. Integration of the past/present branches of philosophy into the ideal philosophical system is explained generally. Philosophical interests of the some past philosophers and their relations with the ideal philosophical system expressed with table.

Taxpayers Fraudulent Behavior Modeling The Use of Datamining in Fiscal Fraud Detecting Moroccan Case

The fraudulent behavior of taxpayers impacts negatively the resources available to finance public services. It creates distortions of competition and inequality, harming honest taxpayers. Such behavior requires the government intervention to bring order and establish a fiscal justice. This study emphasizes the determination of the interactions linking taxpayers with tax authorities. We try to see how fiscal audit can influence taxpayers’ fraudulent behavior. First of all, we present a theoretical study of a model pre established by other authors. We have released some conditions of this model and we have introduced a new parameter reflecting the efficiency of tax control;we found that the efficiency of a fiscal control have an important effect on these interactions. Basing on the fact that the detection of fraudulent taxpayers is the most difficult step in fiscal control, We established a new approach using DATA MINING process in order to improve fiscal control efficiency. We found results that reflect fairly the conduct of taxpayers that we have tested based on actual statistics. The results are reliable.

数字权利的生成基础及法治化保障

数字时代的核心特征是人类的“数字化生存”状态。数字空间、数字属性、数字利益既构成了数字权利的现实基础,也承载了数字权利的时代诉求。然而,由于数字规则、数字行政、数字司法和数字平台等制度或机制的不完善,造成数字权利的法律确认不足、数字权利的公共保障有限、数字权利的司法救济不畅、数字权利的平衡保护乏力等问题,导致了数字权利的系统性“流失”。因此,亟待通过加强数字权利的法律确认、促进数字权利的公共保障、完善数字权利的司法救济、提升数字权利的平衡保护,从而遏制数字权利的“流失”问题,为数字权利保护提供法治化保障。

论涉罪企业合规的刑行衔接

涉罪企业合规刑事司法与行政执法的有效衔接,是企业合规预防违法犯罪功能得以完整实现的必然要求。企业合规刑行衔接关涉刑事合规整改监督评估衔接、合规不起诉后的接续监管衔接以及其他相关企业合规建设衔接三个方面。为保障刑事合规企业合规预防功能、激励功能的充分实现,检察机关需要与行政机关加强理念沟通、操作配合,优化刑行衔接机制,推动涉罪企业及关联企业、行业企业的合规建设。

中国式法治现代化的司法推进

实现中国式法治现代化意味着必须推进公正司法,二者间是目标与方法的关系。中国式法治现代化的司法推进是指司法机关在党的领导下,以公正司法和人民司法为价值坚守,通过司法政策、司法制度、司法理念和司法实践的革新,全面作用于立法、执法与守法,最终“四力合一”形成“四驱动力”推动实现中国式法治现代化。其基本特征是:在领导制度上始终坚持党的领导;在指导思想上始终以中国特色社会主义法治理论为引领;在推进方略上实行司法政策、司法制度、司法实践和司法理念的“四维联动”;在价值目标上始终把人民利益放在首位。在中国式法治现代化进程中,司法推进以期改革成本、实践性能和制度供给上的实践优越性,深度契合中国式现代化本质要求的理论适洽性,彰显了中国的司法智慧,演绎了司法文明的新形态。未来的司法推进应始终将“以党为舵”“以民为本”“公正为魂”及“科技为用”融贯司法活动的全过程全领域,谱写法治文明的新篇章。

再论环境行政执法与刑事司法的衔接

环境犯罪具有行政从属性,是国家基于宏观政策对行政处罚与刑罚的整体考量,旨在用较小成本实现高效管理的同时,避免违反罪刑法定原则。环境行政执法与刑事司法的衔接是为了实质性解决环境犯罪问题,在此过程中应遵循刑事优先原则,当行政手段无法起到充分评价其社会危害性和保护法益之效用时,适用震慑力更强的司法程序。在实践中,环境行政执法与刑事司法的衔接仍存在标准不明确、证据转化难等问题,这些问题会导致案件移送不力、以罚代刑等现象长期存在。故而,在衔接过程中应明确移送案件的标准、完善证据转化制度以及加强检察监督,构建环境行政执法与刑事司法的有效衔接机制,更加充分地保护生态环境。

生态环境分区管控的基本逻辑、运行样态与法治进路

生态环境分区管控作为中国生态文明建设领域的特色制度创新,不仅是优化国土空间保护利用新格局的战略部署,也是习近平生态文明思想引领下的实践范例。对生态环境分区管控的逻辑论证和运行观察,发现:作为生态环境源头预防的基本性制度,生态环境分区管控根植于空间转向理论,蕴含着深厚的空间治理逻辑;生态环境分区管控以实现空间正义为价值目标,法治化是其制度发展的应然理路;法制供给滞后、法律内容残缺、配套机制缺失是掣肘生态环境分区管控战略实施和制度转型的主要动因。因此,提出要在明确立法策略的基础之上,按照内外在机理构筑生态环境分区管控的法治体系。

论联合国职员的诉诸司法权

诉诸司法权作为一项重要的基本人权已逐渐成为一种共识。在国际组织与其职员的就业争端中,基于保障国际组织职员的个人权利与维护国际组织的司法管辖豁免这两个方面的需要,联合国已经开始重视诉诸司法权的保障,通过构建和完善其内部司法机制加以落实,并在国际人权保障中取得令人瞩目的成果。在国际组织公共行政权力与日俱增、个人权益受其影响渐深的背景下,对国际法上的个人实现诉诸司法权的联合国实践,具有较强的理论价值与现实意义。当然,目前联合国内部司法上诉机制在诉讼主体、救济措施等方面仍存在不少问题,阻碍了联合国职员诉诸司法权的进一步实现。对此,联合国应继续完善相应制度,其内部司法机构也需要尽可能利用司法裁量权来突破其规约中不合理的限制,以更充分、全面地保障联合国职员的诉诸司法权。

民事司法智能化:应用风险的思考与分析

智能化技术在司法领域的运用并非都是正向的、积极的,也存在负面的、消极的一面。司法智能化应用中存在的风险就反映了其消极的一面。司法智能化应用中的风险包括:司法亲历性的疏远、算法司法对司法公正的消极影响、司法过程中大数据滥用对个人权利的侵害、司法过程监督机能的弱化、司法行政化的强化等。对风险产生原因、后果的充分认识将有助于人们采取相应的措施预防和降低风险的发生。

电商模式下保健食品市场监管问题及对策分析

本文介绍了电商模式下保健食品市场存在混淆保健食品与药品、非法添加化学药物、虚假宣传等市场乱象,表明保健食品市场仍然存在监管盲区。分析了电商模式下保健食品市场监管存在的问题,如备案系统不完备、电商平台的审查体系不严密、经营者的安全责任难以落实等。在此基础上,提出了按功能类别与风险级别优化备案管理模式、搭建合作监管路径完善平台的审查体系、引入行政和解与衔接行刑责任落实商家的食品安全责任等建议,以期对现有的监管制度进行完善。

《长江保护法》实施下行刑衔接机制研究

《中华人民共和国长江保护法》(以下简称《长江保护法》)创设性提出多领域、跨区域、多部门联合执法的管理机制,并以《中华人民共和国刑法》(以下简称《刑法》)为最终司法保障,贯彻落实“最严”生态法治观。因此,行刑衔接是长江最严保护中不可避免的一大难题。实体法层面,《长江保护法》与《刑法》设置罪名之间存在部分脱节、案件性质判断标准模糊空白。程序法层面,公安机关职能交叉混用、检察机关监督力度不足。通过对以上问题的分析,提出完善配套立法、强化公安机关的职能定位、设立跨行政区域检察制度等解决对策,从而保障《长江保护法》顺利实施,实现对长江流域的最严保护。

浅谈建设工程造价司法鉴定

建筑领域的纠纷、诉讼最终结果常会体现在工程造价的争议上。本文结合工程造价司法鉴定工作的实践,浅谈鉴定过程中质量控制的重点和措施,确保出具的鉴定报告客观、公正、合法,进而有助于案件的审理。

体育赛事转播权法律保护问题研究

体育赛事转播权是一种涉及多方利益且复杂的权利,其法律保护问题一直是学界关注的焦点。从国内外学者的观点出发,探讨了体育赛事转播权的性质界定,并分析了我国法律对体育赛事转播权的相关规定。然而,现实中存在一些问题,包括立法和司法方面以及版权意识等,都严重影响了体育赛事转播权的保护。为完善法律保护措施,需要从立法、司法和其他方面进行改进。

行刑衔接视角下公安机关参与企业合规建设路径分析

随着企业合规制度建设的不断推进,行政合规的重要性受到学界的广泛关注。然而由于目前行政机关尚无配合刑事机关参与合规案件的法定义务,导致行刑衔接不畅成为合规建设完善过程中不可逃避的问题之一。对合规建设之路的有效探析,仅靠检察机关合规前移的努力显然独木难支。从行刑衔接的视角出发,利用公安机关的双重属性,通过适度延伸参与行政合规,立足公安机关与企业、行政机关、社会及其自身队伍建设四个方面,进而探寻公安机关参与企业合规的有效路径,以适度参与行政合规举措完善刑事合规建设,实现行刑衔接机制的双向优化。