Effects of China's Administrative Approval Reforms on Transaction Cost and Economic Growth

China＇s economic growth miracle despite complicated administrative approval formalities prompted us to raise the following question： ls it true that reforming administrative approval will promote economic growth？ Based on our analysis on market entry, we discovered that reforming administrative approval will spur economic growth by reducing transaction cost for firms. Administrative approval may suppress social cost and propel China＇s economic growth; China＇s gradualist approval reforms may indeed propel economic growth by reducing transaction cost for firms. With the data of prefecture-level cities during 2000-2013 and data of companies listed on the SME board during 2010-2014, we tested the effects of approval reforms on economic growth and on transaction cost, and employed instrumental variable and PSM for the treatment of the endogeneity problem - all these tests led to robust and consistent results. Moreover, we discovered that difference in government policy implementation in the approval process is the root cause of corruption and rent seeking.

Japanese Social Mentality and the Change in the Approval Rates of the Abe Administration

From June to July of 2017, the approval rates of the Abe administration fell sharply, in stark contrast to the long-term stability since 2012. The stability of Abe＇ s approval rates originated from the people＇ s negative support for him and their opposition to the Security Laws and other important events as well as the scandals under his administration. The opposition and negative support originated from the people＇s ＂acquired helplessness＂, ＂Abenomics＂, the sharp drop in the opporttmity costs of voting and other conditions. The sudden fall of Abe＇ s approval rates was not due to the change in the aforementioned conditions, rather because of the collapse of his image including personality owing to Abe＇ s perceived arrogance and his estrangement with the people. In the context of the temporary stabilization of approval rates, Abe dissolved the House of Representatives ahead of schedule and held a general election, taking full advantage of the internal strife between the opposition parties, to achieve his goal of ruling until the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. His victory in the recent election does not accurately demonstrate that Abe is completely immune to negative impact, thus he will to use the Korean Peninsula crisis and other issues to demonstrate his ability of safeguarding Japan＇s security, seek reconstruction of his image, and further enhance his approval rate to stabilize his administration.

Predictors of Performance of the Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific （MAAP） in the OIC Navigational Watch Licensure Examination

Abstract： The study aimed to assess the predictors of performance administered by the Philippine Regulation Commission （PRC） in the licensure examination of Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific （MAAP） for Academic Year 2007-2011. Specifically, this also aimed to answer the following questions： demographic profile of the maritime graduates, the college related factors, administrative related factors, the level of scholastic achievement of the graduates, and the performance of the graduates in the licensure examination. A total of one hundred seventy three （173） graduates of MAAP from Class 2007-2011 were utilized as the respondents for the study. The study found out that the results of pre board examination and scholastic achievement of the graduates had significant effect on the performance of the graduates in O.I.C Navigational Watch Licensure Examination. Other variables found out to have no significant effect on the result of the licensure examination of the graduates. Therefore, the null hypotheses that the demographic profile of the graduates, college related factors, and administrative related factors has no significant effect on scholastic the achievement of the students were accepted. However, the null hypothesis that scholastic achievement of the students has no significant effect on the performance in maritime licensure examination was rejected. The same way, the null hypothesis that the demographic profile of the graduates, college related factors and the administrative related factors has no significant effect on the performance in Officer in Charge--Navigational Watch licensure Examination were accepted.

China's Reform on Administrative System

Five Features of China’s Reform on Administrative System China started with the great historic process of Reform and Open-up more than 30 years ago.Since them,reform on China’s administrative system has been under way.To sum up the course of 30 odd years,the features of China’s reform on administrative system are as follows.First,as China’s reform made its first breakthrough in rural areas,

The Study of Legal Property of Household Registration System in Our Country

From ＂the case that three girls have some fate but have different value＂ to ＂the case that Hai Cheng took a police substation to court with three times＂, currently the household registration system of our country not only plays the role of account registration and account management, but also undertakes the limitation of migration movement, and for the additional functions of the lowest life guarantee, social insurance, compulsory education, employment and other social security benefits, it also makes a difference between local registered permanent residence habitant and nonlocal registered permanent residence habitant. Just because of these additional functions, the household registration system has become complicated, which originally has clear nature. Therefore, only it is necessary to define the legal nature of our country＇s current household registration system, can executive power be supervised and the rights of citizens get relief.

Promoting Government Supervision and Optimizing Government Service Innovation

Decentralization and strengthening supervision are the two wings of the reform of administrative examination and approval system. At present, in the supervision process of Chinese government, the phenomenon of strict approval and slack supervision still exists in some local governments. And the dynamic supervision mechanism and supervision restriction mechanism of some local governments are still not perfect. These problems directly lead to"regulatory vacuum"and service absence and other circumstances. The existence of these circumstances will block the process of China's administrative examination and approval system reform. As a result to explore how to promote government supervision innovation and optimize government services is the first important thing, and then to create conditions for the rapid, stable and orderly progress of the administrative examination,what's more to approval system reform.Based on this thesis, the author realizes legal supervision, implement informatization supervision.It not only has increased normalized supervision, improve the administrative examination and approval all-round supervision mechanism, but also established the third party assessment normalization mechanism, and optimize the administrative examination and approval policy advocacy mechanism as well.

Gene therapy research in China

Since 1980, many Chinese scientists haveinvestigated the somatic cell therapy and started thebasic research on gene therapy. From 1990’ s, someimportant advances in gene therapy research havebeen achieved in China. For example, the clinicaltrial of hemophilia B was approved in China andpublished in Human Gene Therapy. Many originalpapers have been published in the internationaljournals. Many gene therapy research projects havebeen funded by the National N atural ScienceFoundation and National High BiotechnologyFoundation. The National High BiotechnologyFoundation has supportcd 10 gene therapy

The Logic Analysis of the External Institutional Financial Organizations of China

Starting from the initial conditions of China＇s financial reform, this article analyzes the reasons of the External Institutional Financial Organizations （the EIFOs） stepping into a tight comer. The financial marginal reform carded out by the authority has no endogenous solution under the initial conditions such as the dominance of state-owned finance, the lack of market basement for interest forming, of real finance price, administrative approval system, and of market basement for financial supervision.

论行政复议的适当性审查

合法性审查、适当性审查是行政复议机关审查被申请行政行为的两个审查标准。适当性审查与行政诉讼合理性审查表述不同但内容一致。合法性审查是形式合法性审查,适当性审查是实质合法性审查,因此,适当性审查与合法性审查构成了一种从“从形式违法到实质违法”的双阶审查方法。在形式合法性已经确认的前提下,针对被申请行政行为的内容,行政复议机关可以从合目的性、结果可接受性和利益权衡三个面向作适当性审查。

政策试验的议题情景与多重功能——基于相对集中行政许可权改革的考察

政策试验是中国改革的常用话语叙事,各级领导人对政策创新的试验路径均给予肯定。政策试验通过局部地区的试点开展,构建议题学习网络,增进多主体互动,利用各方知识开展认知学习,从而推进政策创新与治理变革。从不确定性的视角,提出政策试验的“议题情景—功能定位”分析模型,区分政策试验的四种类型,即生成型试验、测试型试验、倡导型试验、拓展型试验,并分析不同试验类型的功能定位。生成型试验适用于深度不确定性的决策议题,政策干预的选项及价值具有不确定性,决策系统提出概念性质的愿景目标,传递出新信号,鼓励地方政府开展创新探索,将愿景目标转化为操作方案;测试型试验适用于政策干预的内部效度具有不确定性、决策系统已经确定的政策选项,通过局部试点进行评估学习;倡导型试验针对外部效度的不确定性,通过在更大范围内开展试验,从差异性中总结经验教训,进一步校准政策工具;拓展型试验针对内部和外部效度已经得到检验的政策工具,决策系统通过议题再建构,将新理念、新工具拓展到更广泛的应用场景。考察相对集中行政许可权的改革历程发现,相对集中行政许可权改革经历了地方创新、多方参与、扩大试点、议题再定位的演化历程,发挥了方案生成、效果检验、经验推广、治理变革等多重功能,这些功能互相衔接,共同构成了政策试验的功能图谱。在改革过程中,多方主体之间具有持续的互动学习,经由概念学习将模糊目标转化为创新方案,经由评估学习、示范学习、迭代学习,将地方探索的成功经验纳入国家政策。研究表明,政策议题的不确定性对试验模式的选择具有直接影响,政策试验的组织模式及功能定位在不同阶段具有差异性。

秦汉行政报告中的“请”与“报”

秦汉行政报告的“请”与“报”制度是维护君主专制主义中央集权体制机制的一项重要政治法律制度。秦汉依法对行政请示报告的类型、办理程序、审批答复、处理和利用等方法和原则作出了明确规定,建立了相应的行政申请报告呈报和批复的体制机制,为行政请示报告工作提供了可以遵循的法律制度,加强了对行政的监督和检查,限制了行政权力的滥用,提高了行政管理的质量和效率。

基于“放管服”改革珠江流域水行政“审、批分离”的探索研究

为深入贯彻“放管服”改革,珠江流域各级水行政主管部门积极探索尝试“审、批分离”。结合珠江流域“审、批分离”试行情况,对比分析了现行审批模式和“审、批分离”模式,对比发现“审、批分离”能提高审批质量和审批效率并降低廉政风险。总结了目前“审、批分离”存在的问题,并结合“放管服”改革的要求提出了改进措施建议,为探索推进“审、批分离”提供有益的工作探讨与借鉴。

行政审批局外部协调难题及其影响因素分析——基于SAFRSC框架的实证研究

行政审批局是优化组织流程与提高审批效率的重要设计,但也面临着外部协调难题。通过引入协调成本概念,构建“协调规模—权威关系—业务关联—责任界定—标准化—组织文化”六维SAFRSC分析框架,从组织学视角探源行政审批局的外部协调难题及其六大影响因素。在此基础上,基于DEMATEL法发掘六大影响因素的重要性程度及因素间关系:业务关联、协调规模、责任界定和权威关系的影响最大,并与其他因素相互作用;标准化、组织文化两项因素作用较小,更容易受其他因素的影响。为此,需要有针对性地从理顺管理体制与厘清职能分工、明确权责与加大问责、标准化建设与跨时空协调、加强冲突管理与完善合作机制等方面破解行政审批局外部协调难题。

临床检验形态学教学在线课程的探索与实践

《临床血液学检验》是医学检验技术专业的必修课程,其教学任务是培养学生具备血液系统疾病的临床检验能力和素养,注重对学生实践能力的培养。细胞形态结果是很多疾病诊断的“金标准”,然而形态学的课程内容繁多、课时少、优质教学资源有限,尤其是血细胞形态内容复杂多变,故传统教学模式受到挑战。构建细胞形态学在线课程,一方面通过建设精品课程,提高在线课程的吸引力,扩大优质教育资源的受益面积,使学生积极主动地投入学习当中,提高授课成效。另一方面可拓宽教学时空,学生可随时学习。为了培养医学检验专业学生细胞形态的辨识和血液病的诊断等岗位胜任能力,提高细胞形态学课程的授课成效,文章借助移动教学独特的优势,构建细胞形态学的在线课程教学平台,开展细胞形态学在线课程的教学工作。

行政审批改革对房地产市场的影响效应探究——基于行政审批中心设立的准自然实验

本文通过基于行政审批中心设立的准自然实验,探讨了行政审批制度改革对城市房地产市场的影响效应。以设立行政审批中心作为行政审批制度改革的代理变量,通过实证分析发现:行政审批改革对城市房地产市场供求两端均具有显著影响,具体表现为对城市房地产供给和需求均具有正向促进作用,但存在差异。本研究对于理解行政审批改革对房地产市场的影响效应具有重要意义,为改善营商环境提供依据,也为政策制定者和房地产市场参与者提供了有价值的参考。

条块互动视角下基层职能整合的实现逻辑——基于S市G街道“三整合”改革的实证分析

在基层治理领域,条线属事与街镇属地之间的权责不对等,制约着基层治理效能的提升。面对基于专业化分工带来的职能碎片化问题,基层治权在职能部门与基层政府间寻求平衡、推进条块部门联合行动,是推进基层职能有效整合、提升基层治理能力的有益探索。从S市G街道“三整合”改革案例切入,梳理当地在行政审批、综合执法、城市管理三个重点领域的改革措施,探究基层治理中条块联合的实现机制。研究发现,基层条块互动并非简单的“条条带动块块”或“块块调动条条”的联动模式,而是在信息机制、压力机制和权责机制共同调节下形成了一种动态化、长效化的条块配合机制。在基层职能整合场域探索条块互动新机制,为深化条块关系提供了更广阔的视野。

试论服务中国特色哲学社会科学话语体系建设的人文社科名词审定工作———以收词原则为例

名词体系是中国特色哲学社会科学话语体系的重要组成部分,人文社科名词审定工作服务中国特色哲学社会科学话语体系建设是理所当然的。文章以收词原则为例,阐述了为更好地完成上述任务,我国当前人文社科名词审定工作需要进一步完善,特别是要加快构建名词审定专职工作人员、兼职参加人文社科名词审定工作的学科专家、术语学理论界专家一致认同的人文社科名词审定工作话语体系。

告知承诺制改革进路研究

告知承诺制以事前承诺代替事前审批,合理运用信用监管简化审批流程、规制政府权力、放宽准入门槛和降低制度性交易成本,有助于营造市场化、法治化、国际化和便利化营商环境。目前,我国告知承诺制改革主要围绕行政审批集成化、承诺事项清单化、信用监管体系化等方面进行渐进式试点探索,但在制度体系、信息技术、监管工具、联合奖惩等领域仍存在系统性缺失难题,因此,应加快告知承诺制改革的整体性推进。告知承诺制改革系统整合、整体推进的实现路径主要包括以制度整合完善政策体系、以机制创新深化“一件事”改革、以监管协调保障履约践诺、以责任明晰健全联合奖惩、以主体合作推动多元协同治理等。

职前教师教学设计能力检核模型的建构研究

职前教师教学设计能力检核模型主要是依据教学设计的基本理论,采用文献资料编码、行为事件访谈、模糊德尔菲法、问卷调查等技术建构,模型包含6个基本要素和24个能力要点,每个能力要点分别从不合格、合格、良好、卓越4个层级进行解析。职前教师教学设计能力检核模型用指标的形式使职前教师教学设计能力的基本要求更加明晰化、具体化、微观化。职前教师、教师教育任课教师、教学管理者应用职前教师教学设计能力检核模型都有各自不同的价值体现,旨在促进职前教师教学设计能力的发展与提升。

2015—2023年地图审核服务数据分析与问题应对

针对如何提升地图审核通过率的问题,本文对2015—2023年地图受理量、地图类型及地图审核通过率等情况进行了统计分析和研究。结果表明,近年来地图受理量和通过率均有大幅提升,但每年仍有10%~20%的地图不符合审核要求,问题主要集中在地图送审和地图内容技术审查两大环节,制约着地图审核通过率的进一步提升。本文探讨了如何通过避免地图受理环节的常见问题、掌握地图中常见的关键易错点及规范使用地图参考资料等措施,有效降低问题地图的发生率,提升地图审核通过率,可为送审单位和人员提供参考,提高地图质量。