Research on Alliance Decision of Dual-Channel Remanufacturing Supply Chain Considering Bidirectional Free-Riding and Cost-Sharing

This study delves into the formation dynamics of alliances within a closed-loop supply chain(CLSC)that encom-passes a manufacturer,a retailer,and an e-commerce platform.It leverages Stackelberg game for this exploration,contrasting the equilibrium outcomes of a non-alliance model with those of three differentiated alliance models.The non-alliance model acts as a crucial benchmark,enabling the evaluation of the motivations for various supply chain entities to engage in alliance formations.Our analysis is centered on identifying the most effective alliance strategies and establishing a coordination within these partnerships.We thoroughly investigate the consequences of diverse alliance behaviors,bidirectional free-riding and cost-sharing,and the resultant effects on the optimal decision-making among supply chain actors.The findings underscore several pivotal insights:(1)The behavior of alliances within the supply chain exerts variable impacts on the optimal pricing and demand of its members.In comparison to the non-alliance(D)model,the manufacturer-retailer(MR)and manufacturer-e-commerce platform(ME)alliances significantly lower both offline and online resale prices for new and remanufactured goods.This adjustment leads to an enhanced demand for products via the MR alliance’s offline outlets and the ME alliance’s online platforms,thereby augmenting the profits for those within the alliance.Conversely,retailer-e-commerce platform(ER)alliance tends to increase the optimal retail price and demand across both online and offline channels.Under specific conditions,alliance behavior can also increase the profits of non-alliance members,and the profits derived through alliance channels also exceed those from non-alliance channels.(2)The prevalence of bidirectional free-riding behavior largely remains constant across different alliance configurations.Across these models,bidirectional free-riding typically elevates the equilibrium prices in offline channel while negatively affecting the equilibrium prices in other channel.(3)The effect of cost-sharing shows relative uniformity across the various alliance models.Across all configurations,cost-sharing tends to reduce the manufacturer’s profits.Nonetheless,alliances initiated by the manufacturer can counteract these negative impacts,providing a strategic pathway to bolster CLSC profitability.

Optimization purchase price and the profit policy undervendor managed inventory

The optimization policy of the purchase price and the profit under vendor managed inventory(VMI) is studied. For a salable product, supply chain mode of VMI is established, which is based on deterministic demand, having initial stock and having stock-out cost. With the further analysis of the mode, VMI is found to increase profits of the buyer in the short-term motivation. But VMI will reduce profits of the supplier under the matching condition. And in the short-term motivation, VMI will increase the purchase price to compensate the transfer cost of the supplier. As a result, the foundation of theory is provided to implement VMI in the supply chain, and have some definituded project significance.

Establishment of Grain Farmers' Supply Response Model and Empirical Analysis under Minimum Grain Purchase Price Policy

Based on farmers' supply behavior theory and price expectations theory,this paper establishes grain farmers' supply response model of two major grain varieties (early indica rice and mixed wheat) in the major producing areas,to test whether the minimum grain purchase price policy can have price-oriented effect on grain production and supply in the major producing areas. Empirical analysis shows that the minimum purchase price published annually by the government has significant positive impact on farmers' grain supply in the major grain producing areas. In recent years,China steadily raises the level of minimum grain purchase price,which has played an important role in effectively protecting grain farmers' interests,mobilizing the enthusiasm of farmers' grain production,and ensuring the market supply of key grain varieties.

Logistics Cost Management Models and Their Usability for Purchasing

In many compames, cost management models are abandoned due to their complexity and because of this, the academic literature has experienced a downturn in publications regarding cost management. This paper deepens the understanding regarding the practical usability of cost management models for purchasing decisions, and provides a framework for determining a desired complexity of cost management in different purchasing environments. The complexity is defined along three dimensions identified in literature and the different purchasing environments stem from an adaptation of Kraljic＇s （1983） matrix.

Analysis on the Management of Suppliers＇ Purchasing Partnership

This paper is about the study of purchasing cooperation with the supplier. It is through expanding some courses including demand analysis, choosing supplier, founding cooperation relationship formally and strengthening the cooperation, as well as several key questions, such as sourcing strategy, to estimate and select the supplier, authentication management, and purchase of technology.

Critical Minerals Strategy of the Biden Administration

Critical minerals closely relate to the economic,environmental,defense,and intergenerational resources security of the US and are therefore infuential in US economic recovery,industrial restructuring,scientifc and technological competition,national security,and strategy toward China.Since the Obama administration,the US has been increasingly focusing on its critical minerals strategy,as illustrated by its issuance of a series of related laws and executive orders and its eforts to advance the reform of relevant agencies.The Biden administration has increased the emphasis on supply chains for critical minerals that are vital to green and lowcarbon development and pushed for more coordination among government departments and agencies.Perceiving China as a competitor to the US,Joe Biden has announced large-scale investment and procurement measures at home and promoted institutional building in concerned sectors as part of efforts to counter China’s competitive advantages.Simultaneously,he has been developing a security strategy of and advocating supply chain alliances for critical minerals based on US allies.The critical minerals strategy of the Biden administration will greatly influence the stable development of China’s supply chains.In response,China should focus on forging a new type of international relations,with an aim to promote global resource governance and ensure the sustained security of its critical mineral supplies.

Enhancing Enterprise Efficiency through Cross-Domain Supply Chain Linkage Management

In recent years,with the complexity and variability of international finance,debt,and geopolitical risks,the growth rate of domestic economic operations has slowed down.More enterprise groups are facing the transformation and upgrading from domestic leadership to internationalization,achieving revenue growth of nearly 10 billion yuan per year against the trend.The severe and complex internal and external environment has brought many challenges to the supply chain for enterprises.This article focuses on the goal of an“enterprise supply chain system focusing on value creation,strengthening system linkage,and improving overall chain efficiency,”aiming to find solutions to problems such as strong demand variability,frequent emergency needs,coexistence of project shortages and inventory surplus,long material turnover cycles,and high organizational complexity.By searching for key activities in the entire business chain of demand,design,production,service,and finance,implementing source planning,process control,system linkage,analysis and summary,and team collaboration,we have achieved more scientific demand forecasting,more accurate planning,more effective procurement cost reduction,more stable production performance supply,more convenient inventory sharing services,and more efficient integration of business and financial policies.

基于Android平台的采供与核算管理系统设计

为了满足移动办公的需求,提出基于Android平台的采供与核算管理系统解决方案,然后以该方案为基础设计实现了一套以Android为客户端的采供与核算管理系统,并阐述了该系统的设计要点,以及实现过程中涉及的关键技术、开发难点,最后总结了该系统跟传统采供与核算管理系统相比的优越性。

Government-led Green Supply Chain Management

Enterprises must be concerned about the environment when seeking economic benefit. However,because of the defect of the market economy,enterprises are difficult to carry out green supply chain management spontaneously. In order to solve the above problem,the feasibility of the government as an external driving force to lead the implementation of green supply chain management was studied,and then a mixed guidance model of enterprise green supply chain management was established. In addition,the mechanisms of the government encouraging enterprises to implement green supply chain management were discussed,including negative punitive measures( fines and taxes) and positive incentive measures( subsidies and tax reduction) and the supplementary function of environmental credit system policy to realize government-led green supply chain management,which provides certain guiding for achieving the sustainable development of enterprises and society.

Comparison on global supply chain purchasing strategies based on supply contracts

In the global supply chain in a setting characterized by exchange rate uncertainties,it is quite necessary to focus on comparative research trying to find out which kind of purchasing strategy is better in different situations.The two common global purchasing strategies,risk sharing(RS)and quantity flexibility(QF),are selected to be compared.Using a real-options approach,the valuation models of RS and QF purchasing contracts are established.By means of binomial lattice technique,numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis of two stochastic dynamic programs are presented.The effects on expected discounted value by changing relative parameters are described clearly.Based on comparative analysis,it is concluded that the QF purchasing strategy is better than that of the RS especially where great volatility exists for exchange rate processes in the global supply chain.

Purchase Contract Management for Fashion Products

This paper develops a tow-stage purchase contract for fashion products to manage the buyer's cost. In addition to require a commitment, the purchase contract allows the buyer to adjust the commitment at a later stage. We model the buyer's problem and obtain explicit formulae to describe the buyer's optimal behavior. We analyze the effect of parameters on the buyer's cost and prove that such contract can decrease the buyer's cost numerically.

社区团购农产品供应链的风险识别与风险网络结构分析——以淘菜菜为例

社区团购农产品供应链风险网络复杂,增加了风险防范的难度。准确识别风险因素,厘清风险外溢路径,对建立与完善社区团购农产品供应链风险管理体系和维持行业健康发展具有重要意义。以电商平台淘菜菜为案例,使用扎根理论及社会网络分析等方法,探究社区团购农产品供应链的风险,构建风险网络,评估风险关联程度,找出风险外溢路径。研究发现:在社区团购农产品供应链的风险网络中,物流方的履约交付、物流方的运输损耗、物流方的节点周转、平台的人员服务、平台的供应链计划、平台的采购交付是关键风险节点,有较强的风险影响能力。风险网络可根据风险节点间的关联程度划分为四个板块,四个板块间存在“溢出—影响—再溢出”的风险外溢路径。当某一风险节点出现问题时,与其隶属同一利益相关者或同一风险范畴的风险节点将会进一步放大风险外溢。鉴于此,找出社区团购农产品供应链的关键风险和外溢路径,有针对性地加强风险管理,强化路径监控,降低关键风险的影响,增强供应链的抗风险能力,可促进社区团购电商平台的可持续发展。

碳交易背景下社区生鲜平台供应链决策与协调研究

社区团购作为新零售的核心形式,因满足了消费者对生鲜品质和便捷性的需求受到大众青睐,但线上购买的增加所带来的高频运输也大幅提高了供应链的碳排放。为维持社区生鲜平台供应链低碳且稳定地发展,本文基于1个社区电商平台、1个生鲜供应商和1个社区团长所组成的三级供应链,研究自营物流模式下社区生鲜平台供应链各决策主体的利益关系,分析该模式下各供应链主体的最优保鲜、订货与定价策略,以及合作契约对供应链协调的影响,探究其内生决策机制。研究发现:随着碳交易价格的上升,社区电商平台需要承担更大的碳减排责任,系统利润会先降低后增加。在采用组合契约时,只要两部收费契约的固定费用都控制在合理的区间内,自营物流模式下的社区生鲜平台供应链系统就可以实现完美协调。

供应不确定情境下制造商企业采购策略选择

作为供应链条上的关键节点,制造商企业与其上下游企业之间在“四流”方面有着紧密关联,其供应链结构的稳定性受到内、外部等多重因素影响,加之供应中断风险的突发性和多样性,一旦发生供应中断则将会对制造商企业造成巨大经济损失,故研究供应不确定条件下制造商企业的采购应对行为至关重要。基于制造商企业视角,将与其关联度最紧密的一、二级供应商企业作为供应对象,构建模拟供应不确定条件下制造商企业采购应对模式的数学推导模型,运用统计工具绘制出推导结果,并对相关参数进行全面的敏感性分析,然后通过数值分析研究市场价格的敏感性、供应商企业配件合格率等因素对制造商企业采购策略产生的影响,最后为供应中断条件下如何提升供应链结构的稳定性提供相应的建议。通过该研究,以期实现在供应不确定条件下制造商企业最大的期望利润,以及解决因采购策略不当所引起的经济问题。

美国联盟体系重组的战略形态

联盟是美国外交政策的基石,是美国应对竞争对手挑战的关键工具。近年来,美国积极团结所谓“自由世界”来遏制、围堵、打压中国。美国在联盟战略上的目标是重组联盟体系,再次构筑类似冷战时期遏制苏联的西方阵营。为此,美国不断强化军事联盟,重铸政治经济联盟体系,致力于将中国从其主导的自由国际秩序中排挤出去,进而维系一个收缩版的自由国际秩序。除此之外,美国还不断强化联盟体系的辅助制度,使用国际层面的贸易管控体系和国内层面的出口管控制度,要求盟友在出口管制上配合美国,阻止中国获得先进技术。在可预见的未来,美国将推动构建军事政治经济一体化联盟体系,通过构建一个类似冷战时期的所谓“自由世界”,推动中国与西方世界之间的阵营对抗。

基于价值链、供应链的美国芯片技术联盟组合及中国应对之策

半导体芯片技术是当前中美科技竞争的重点领域。通过构建基于芯片价值链和供应链的联盟组合框架,分析美国在这一领域的联盟策略,发现芯片技术价值链和供应链的高度复杂性促使美国的技术联盟策略由单一的双边或多边联盟转向兼顾价值创造和供应顺畅的联盟组合。尽管联盟组合相较于单一的战略联盟更具统合性,但结构维度的地位竞争和结构洞争夺以及主体维度的认知差异都将削弱盟友与美国的合作动力。加深对美国芯片技术联盟组合的理解,能够为我国从结构维度和主体维度应对与反制美国的技术遏制及产业围堵提供启示。

科创平台服务供应链定价策略——平台“烧钱”还是引流联盟?

创新驱动发展时代背景下,如何借助平台供应链盘活社会资源为创新提供资源共享的配套服务,以市场化运作实现科创资源的有效利用,对于科创平台和经济社会的意义重大.科创平台上科创资源提供者的配套服务水平高低不但影响其创新产出而且也影响加入平台的用户数量.本研究结合中国科创的现实情境,考虑科研用户对平台上资源提供者配套服务质量存在偏好的情景,运用博弈决策思想研究科创平台的定价决策,进而在普通定价策略基础上重点拓展研究平台补贴和引流联盟两种策略,基于平台双边用户的供给和需求特点的现实情境揭示不同成本类型的科创平台利润最大化策略.研究发现三种策略下单位运营成本在一定范围内平台向资源提供者支付佣金返点,且佣金返点随用户质量偏好的增加而增加,最优补贴金额、引流数量也随之增加;比较三种策略,平台服务收费在平台补贴策略下最低,在引流联盟策略下最高,这两种策略均能在一定条件下为平台带来更高收益;不同成本类型的科创平台在市场中高质量资源提供者占比不同的情形下,应选择不同定价策略才有利于平台利润最大化.此外,考虑创新风险性特点后,需要更高的质量偏好才能实现科创平台利润的大幅度增长.

拜登政府供应链安全政策、对华影响与对策建议

[研究目的]梳理研究美国拜登政府供应链安全政策及发展动态,评估其对中国可能造成的影响,为保障中国产业链供应链安全发展提出思路建议。[研究方法]利用文本分析法,梳理美国白宫、国务院等官方网站发布的政策文件、重要声明与讲话、调研报告和权威文献等内容,体系化分析美国供应链安全政策内容及动态,同时聚焦对华影响,多角度剖析美国供应链安全政策对中国经济高质量发展的可能影响。[研究结论]拜登执政后,通过强化供应链安全审查和风险监控,加强对关键产品和产业的国内控制,积极组建“供应链联盟”等系列行动推行美国供应链安全政策,试图在全球供应链重塑中强化美国的主导地位,并力推“去中国化”。美国供应链安全政策呈现全方位压制中国态势,削弱中国在全球供应链中的竞争力,加剧中国外部环境的不确定性,阻碍关键核心技术创新与产业升级,干扰中国供应链产业链安全发展,同时也倒逼中国增强产业链供应链自主可控能力。中国应加快打造自主可控、安全可靠、竞争力强的现代化产业体系,深化国际合作,持续提升产业链供应链韧性。

线上竞合供应链制造商合作策略选择研究

在由制造商、零售商和平台商组成的线上零售供应链中,考虑下游零售商和平台商之间既竞争又合作的竞合关系,研究了渠道初始市场需求不对称对制造商合作策略选择的影响。运用博弈方法从制造商的视角分别构建了不合作、与零售商合作、与平台商合作三种策略模型。在此基础上,首先,以不合作模型为基准,分析了制造商是否有动机与下游成员合作;然后,比较了不同策略下的合作动机大小问题。研究结果表明:制造商与零售商、平台商均有合作的动机。然而,其合作动机大小与佣金费率以及渠道初始市场需求比率有关。当佣金费率较低且初始市场需求比率较大时,制造商更倾向与零售商合作;否则,其与平台商合作动机更大。有趣的是,制造商与零售商(平台商)合作并非总是损害平台商(零售商)的利润。当佣金费率满足一定条件时,若初始市场需求比率较大,则平台商(零售商)可以从制造商与零售商(平台商)的合作中获益。最后,讨论了数量竞争和平台商为领导者两种情形下制造商的合作策略选择。

碳排放权交易对企业高质量发展的溢出效应——来自供应链联盟的经验证据

本文针对市场激励型碳规制能否助力企业联动协作而实现供应链提质增效这一现实问题,引入供应链联盟变量,检验碳排放权交易对企业高质量发展的供应链溢出效应。研究结果显示,碳排放权交易会促进形成供应链联盟的控排企业高质量发展,且这一作用具有沿供应链上下游的双向溢出效应,即碳排放权交易会推动控排企业上游供应商、下游客户高质量发展。进一步分析结果显示,与控排企业相关联的供应链溢出效应可分为技术、信息、信用三个维度,具体表现为碳排放权交易可以协同供应链创新、提升供应链信息效率、促进供应链数字化建设和发展供应链金融。异质性检验结果表明,当供应链联盟中的控排企业议价能力更强、媒体关注更高时,碳排放权交易对其高质量发展具有更明显的激励效果。目前仅有部分控排企业率先跨越碳规制的“波特拐点”实现全要素生产率跃升式的高质量发展,正是供应链联盟为其提供了良好的中观环境。本文研究结论有助于有的放矢开放碳市场,在稳链强链背景下提高供应链竞争力,同时为研究碳排放权交易的溢出效应提供了新视角。