Effect of Sc on Al_(3)Fe phase and mechanical properties of as-cast AA5052 aluminum alloy

The AA5052 aluminum alloy is widely used in automobile and aerospace manufacturing,and with the development of light-weight alloys,it is required that these materials exhibit better mechanical properties.Previous studies have demonstrated that the addition of Sc to aluminum alloys can improve both the microstructure and properties of the alloys.In this study,the effect of Sc on the Fe-rich phase and properties of the AA5052 aluminum alloy was studied by adding 0%,0.05%,0.2%,and 0.3%Sc.The results show that with the increase of Sc,the coarse needle-like Fe-rich phase gradually transforms into Chinese-script and then nearly spherical particles,reduce the size of Fe-rich phase,and refine the grain with increase of high angle grain boundaries(HAGBs).These microstructure changes enhance the strength of the AA5052 alloy through Sc addition.The ductility of the alloy is obviously improved because the addition of a lower amount of Sc changes the morphology of Fe-rich phase from needle-like into a Chinese-script,and it is subsequently reduced as a result of significant increase in HAGBs with increasing Sc content.

Dynamic recrystallization behavior of 7085 aluminum alloy during hot deformation

The dynamic recrystallization behavior of 7085 aluminum alloy during hot compression at various temperatures （573？723 K） and strain rates （0.01-10 s^-1） was studied by electron back scattered diffraction （EBSD）, electro-probe microanalyzer （EPMA） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It is shown that dynamic recovery is the dominant softening mechanism at high Zener？Hollomon （Z） values, and dynamic recrystallization tends to appear at low Z values. Hot compression with ln Z=24.01 （723 K, 0.01 s？1） gives rise to the highest fraction of recrystallization of 10.2%. EBSD results show that the recrystallized grains are present near the original grain boundaries and exhibit similar orientation to the deformed grain. Strain-induced boundary migration is likely the mechanism for dynamic recrystallization. The low density of Al3Zr dispersoids near grain boundaries can make contribution to strain-induced boundary migration.

Effect of homogenization time on quench sensitivity of 7085 aluminum alloy

The effect of homogenization time on quench sensitivity of a cast 7085 aluminum alloy was investigated by means of end-quenching test, optical microscope （OM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and transmission electron microscope （TEM）. The results show that with the increase of homogenization time from 48 h to 384 h, quench sensitivity increased slightly as the largest difference in the hardness was increased from 5.2% to 6.9% in the end-quenched and aged specimens. Prolonging homogenization had little effect on the grain structure, but improved the dissolution of soluble T phase and resulted in larger Al3Zr dispersoids with a low number density. Some small quench-induced η phase particles on Al3Zr dispersoids were observed inside grains during slow quenching, which decreased hardness after subsequent aging. The change in the character of Al3Zr dispersoids exerted slight influence on quench sensitivity.

Preparation of semi-solid 7075 aluminum alloy slurry by serpentine pouring channel

The semi-solid slurry of 7075 aluminum alloy was prepared by a serpentine pouring channel （SCP）. Influences of pouring temperature and the number of turns on the microstructure of semi-solid 7075 alloy slurry were investigated. The results demonstrated that the semi-solid 7075 aluminum alloy slurry with satisfied quality could be generated by a serpentine pouring channel when the pouring temperature was in the range of 680-700 ℃. At a given pouring temperature, the equivalent size of the primaryα（Al） grains decreased and the shape factor increased with the increase of the number of turns. During the slurry preparation of semi-solid 7075 aluminum alloy, the flow direction of alloy melt changed many times when it flowed in a curved and closed serpentine channel. With the effect of“stirring”in it , the primary nuclei gradually evolved into spherical and near-spherical grains.

Effect of minor Sc and Zr addition on microstructure and properties of ultra-high strength aluminum alloy

The Al-9Zn-2.8Mg-2.5Cu-xZr-ySc alloys （x=0, 0.15%, 0.15%; y=0, 0.05%, 0.15%）, produced by low-frequent electromagnetic casting technology, were subjected to homogenization treatment, hot extrusion, solution and aging treatment. The effects of minor Sc and Zr addition on microstructure, recrystallization and properties of alloys were studied by optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results show that Sc and Zr addition can refine grains of the as-cast alloy by precipitation of primary Al3（Sc,Zr） particles formed during solidification as heterogeneous nuclei. Secondary Al3（Sc,Zr） precipitates formed during homogenization treatment strongly pin the movement of dislocation and subgrain boundaries, which can effectively inhibit the alloys recrystallization. Compared with the alloy without Sc and Zr addition, the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy with 0.05%Sc and 0.15%Zr shows the increase in tensile strength and yield strength by 172 MPa and 218 MPa, respectively. Strengthening comes from the contributions of precipitation, substructure and grain refining.

Preparation of semi-solid A380 aluminum alloy slurry by serpentine channel

The semi-solid slurry of A380 aluminum alloy was prepared by the serpentine channel. The effects of pouring temperature, curve number and curve diameter of the serpentine channel on the microstructure of the semi-solid A380 aluminum alloy slurry were investigated. The results show that the satisfactory semi-solid A380 aluminum alloy slurry could be obtained when the pouring temperature ranged from 630 to 650 °C. Under the same conditions, increasing the curve number or reducing the curve diameter of the serpentine channel would decrease the average diameter and increase the shape factor of the primary α（Al） grains. The ＂self-stirring＂ of the alloy melt in the serpentine channel was beneficial to the ripening of the dendrites and the spheroidizing of the primary α（Al） grains.

Influence of serpentine channel pouring process parameters on semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry

Semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry was prepared by using serpentine channel pouring process, and the influences of the channel diameters and pouring temperatures on the semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry were investigated. The experimental results show that when the channel diameter is 20 and 25 mm, respectively, and the pouring temperature is 640-680 ℃, the average diameter of primary α（Al） grains in the prepared A356 aluminum alloy slurry is 50-75 and 55-78 μm, respectively, and the average shape factor of primary α（Al） grains is 0.89-0.76 and 0.86-0.72, respectively. With the decline in the pouring temperature, the microstructure of semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry is more desirable and a serpentine channel with smaller diameter is also advantageous to the microstructure imProvement. During the preparation of semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry, a large number of nuclei can be produced by the chilling effect of the serpentine channel, and owing to the combined effect of the chilled nuclei separation and melt self-stirring, primary α（Al） nuclei can be multiplied and spheroidized finally.

高强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金静态再结晶模型及组织演变

采用Gleeble 3800热模拟试验机对航空用Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的热变形行为进行了测试,对变形后的微观组织进行了表征,系统分析了静态软化行为,建立了静态再结晶动力学模型。结果表明:实验用航空Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的静态再结晶激活能为129162 J·mol^(-1),静态再结晶体积分数受变形温度、变形程度、变形速率的影响,且变形温度对静态再结晶影响最明显;变形速率一定时,变形温度越高,道次停留时间的影响越不明显;350℃低温变形后,α-Al基体晶粒内部仍存在大量的位错缠结;400℃中温变形后,位错运动能够充分进行,部分晶粒发生了再结晶;450℃高温变形后,基体晶粒基本全部完成了再结晶,基体晶粒内部发现5~25 nm尺寸范围的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu四元相粒子;对于不同热变形条件,模型预测值的误差在0.008~0.0625范围内,动力学模型的计算结果精确度较高。

Zr对Al-Si-Mg-Mn合金凝固过程、时效组织和性能的影响

通过模拟计算、组织观察以及力学性能测试,研究了不同Zr含量对铸造Al-Si-Mg-Mn合金凝固过程、时效组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着Zr含量增加,合金凝固路径存在显著差异,晶粒由初期树枝晶逐步演变为等轴晶;175℃时效7 h条件下,Zr的加入显著提高合金硬度。Zr的加入促使析出相在更低时效温度析出,这可能是Zr细化了晶粒从而提高了扩散效率。峰值时效时合金主要析出相为β″相和Q′相。

自然时效对Al-6.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.2Cu合金厚板组织性能的影响

商用7×××系铝合金产品人工时效前一般会经历自然时效,自然时效时间的长短直接决定产品的生产制备流程。本试验研究了工业化制备的Al-6.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.2Cu合金厚板在不同的自然时效阶段经人工时效处理后的组织及性能,并重点分析了短时自然时效(0.125~21 d)及长时自然时效(30~360 d)对合金不同时效状态的影响。研究结果表明:自然时效0.125~21 d,T6态合金的强度持续降低,抗拉和屈服强度的降幅分别为14 MPa和17 MPa,伸长率在13.6%~15.6%的范围内波动;基体析出相主要为GPII区和η′相,晶界析出相呈断续分布。自然时效3~360 d时,T6态合金的强度、伸长率和断裂韧性均在一定范围内波动,无明显的变化规律,基体析出相主要为η′相且分布密集,晶界析出相呈断续分布。自然时效3~105 d时,T76态合金的拉伸性能和断裂韧性同样在一定范围内波动,无明显的变化规律,基体析出相尺寸粗大、分布分散,主要为η′相和η相,晶界析出相同样呈断续分布。

Fe、Ni元素微合金化对Al-11Si铝合金微观组织及力学性能的影响

本研究利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量散射X射线光谱(EDS)和拉伸试验机,研究了Ni(1.2及1.6wt.%)和Fe(0.6及0.8wt.%)含量对Al-11Si铝合金的微观组织及不同温度下的力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,适量的Ni元素对于Al-11Si合金中富含Fe相的类型、形态和分布具有积极作用。在Al-11Si铝合金中添加1.2wt.%Ni和0.6wt.%Fe可以生成一种类似“汉字状”的富Fe强化相。当进一步增加到1.6wt.%Ni和0.8wt.%Fe后,富Fe相变为了长针状,对Al基体产生严重的割裂作用,降低了合金力学性能。由于含有1.2wt.%Ni和0.6wt.%Fe的Al-11Si铝合金中生成了“汉字状”富Fe强化相,合金的高温拉伸性能得到了显著改善。在350℃的测试温度下,Al-11Si铝合金的抗拉强度(UTS)达到了139 MPa。

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of ultrasonic-assisted soldering joints of 2024 aluminum alloys

Ultrasonic-assisted soldering of 2024 aluminum alloys using a filler metal of Zn-5Al alloy was investigated at the temperature of 400 ℃,which is lower than the solution strengthening temperature of Al-Cu alloys.The ultrasonic vibration with power of 200 W and vibration amplitude of 15 μm at the frequency of 21 kHz was applied on the top samples.The ultrasonic vibration promoted the dissolution of Al elements in the base metal.The reduction of volume fraction of the eutectic phases in the bonds was investigated by increasing ultrasonic vibration time.As the ultrasonic vibration time increased from 3 s to 30 s,the volume fraction of the eutectic phase in the bonds decreased from 12.9% to 0.9%,and the shear strength of the joints was up to 149-153 MPa,increased by 20%.The improvement of the mechanical properties of joints was discussed based on the modulus and hardness of the phases in the bonds and the fracture of the joints.

锌镁比对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Er-Sc-Zr合金显微组织与耐腐蚀性能影响的研究

通过调整Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Er-Sc-Zr合金中的Mg元素含量,研究了Zn/Mg比的变化对合金相演变以及腐蚀性能的影响规律。结果表明:Al_(8)Cu_(4)Er相、Al_(3)(Er,Sc)相与含Fe相存在明显的伴生关系,二者依附于含Fe相生长。Zn/Mg比的变化可显著改变三者间的交互形式,高的Zn/Mg比例有利于稀土相独立生长,且在比值为4.18的条件下,Al_(8)Cu_(4)Er相与含Fe相均得到了显著细化。细化的晶界第二相使腐蚀坑深度仅为82μm,而连续的伴生混合相、粗大稀土相等均会不同程度降低合金的耐蚀性能。

A rapid classification method of aluminum alloy based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and random forest algorithm

As an important non-ferrous metal structural material most used in industry and production,aluminum(Al) alloy shows its great value in the national economy and industrial manufacturing.How to classify Al alloy rapidly and accurately is a significant, popular and meaningful task.Classification methods based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) have been reported in recent years. Although LIBS is an advanced detection technology, it is necessary to combine it with some algorithm to reach the goal of rapid and accurate classification. As an important machine learning method, the random forest(RF) algorithm plays a great role in pattern recognition and material classification. This paper introduces a rapid classification method of Al alloy based on LIBS and the RF algorithm. The results show that the best accuracy that can be reached using this method to classify Al alloy samples is 98.59%, the average of which is 98.45%. It also reveals through the relationship laws that the accuracy varies with the number of trees in the RF and the size of the training sample set in the RF. According to the laws, researchers can find out the optimized parameters in the RF algorithm in order to achieve,as expected, a good result. These results prove that LIBS with the RF algorithm can exactly classify Al alloy effectively, precisely and rapidly with high accuracy, which obviously has significant practical value.

Iron/aluminum nanocomposites prepared by one-step reduction method and their effects on thermal decomposition of AP and AN

Aluminum(Al)powder is widely used in solid propellants.In particular,nano-Al has attracted extensive scholarly attention in the field of energetic materials due to its higher reactivity than micro-Al.However,the existence of aluminum oxide film on its surface reduces the heat release performance of the aluminum powder,which greatly limits its application.Hence,this paper used iron,a component of solid propellant,to coat micron-Al and nano-Al to improve the heat release efficiency and reactivity of Al powder.SEM,TEM,EDS,XRD,XPS,and BET were used to investigate the morphological structure and properties of pure Al and Fe/Al composite fuels of different sizes.The results show that Fe was uniformly coated on the surface of Al powder.There was no reaction between Fe and Al,and Fe/Al composite fuels had a larger specific surface area than pure Al,which could better improve the reactivity of pure Al.Besides,the catalytic effects of pure Al and Fe/Al composite fuels of different sizes on ammonium perchlorate and ammonium nitrate were explored.The results show that the catalysis of pure Al powder could be greatly improved by coating Fe on the surface of Al powder.Especially,the micron-Fe/Al composite fuel had a higher catalytic effect than the pure nano-Al powder.Hence,Fe/Al composite fuels are expected to be widely used in solid propellants.

微量Sm元素对TiC_(p)/Al-Cu-Mg-Mn复合材料微观组织和力学性能的影响

以0.27%(体积分数)TiC颗粒增强的TiC_(p)/Al-5Cu-1.9Mg-0.9Mn复合材料为基体,研究不同Sm元素含量对复合材料组织与力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:Sm元素的加入明显细化了枝晶组织,促进了固溶处理过程中第二相的溶解,使得时效态组织中T-Al_(2)0Cu_(2)Mn_(3)和S′-Al_(2)CuMg析出相的数量密度增加,当Sm元素含量较高时(0.3%,质量分数,下同),组织中将出现块状难溶稀土化合物。随着Sm的加入,复合材料室温和250℃下的屈服强度逐渐增加,但会引起塑性降低,当Sm元素添加量为0.3%时,室温屈服强度从246 MPa提高到310 MPa,250℃屈服强度从191 MPa提高到220 MPa。分析认为,强度提高源于Sm引起的组织细化和析出相数量密度增加,而塑性下降是由于粗大块状难溶稀土化合物割裂了基体,导致裂纹源容易产生。

Improving pulsed laser weldability of duplex stainless steel to 5456 aluminum alloy via friction stir process reinforcing of aluminum by BNi-2 brazing alloy

Effects of laser pulse distance and reinforcing of 5456 aluminum alloy were investigated on laser weldability of Al alloy to duplex stainless steel (DSS) plates. The aluminum alloy plate was reinforced by nickel-base BNi-2 brazing powder via friction stir processing. The DSS plates were laser welded to the Al5456/BNi-2 composite and also to the Al5456 alloy plates. The welding zones were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, micro-hardness and shear tests. The weld interface layer became thinner from 23 to 5 μm, as the laser pulse distance was increased from 0.2 to 0.5 mm. Reinforcing of the Al alloy modified the phases at interface layer from Al-Fe intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in the DSS/Al alloy weld, to Al-Ni-Fe IMCs in the DSS/Al composite one, since more nickel was injected in the weld pool by BNi-2 reinforcements. This led to a remarkable reduction in crack tendency of the welds and decreased the hardness of the interface layer from ~950 HV to ~600 HV. Shear strengths of the DSS/Al composite welds were significantly increased by ~150%, from 46 to 114 MPa, in comparison to the DSS/Al alloy ones.

1060Al/Al-Al_(2)O_(3)/1060Al层状铝基复合材料热变形模型对比分析

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机在变形温度为25~400℃、应变速率为0.01~10s^(-1)和真应变为0.85的条件下,对1060Al/Al-Al_(2)O_(3)/1060Al层状铝基复合材料进行了热压缩试验,研究其热变形行为,建立了应变补偿的Arrhenius (SCA)、修正的Johnson-Cook (MJC)和修正的Zerilli-Armstrong (MZA) 3种本构模型,并对流变应力的预测值与实验值进行对比。结果表明,层状复合材料流变应力呈加工硬化型,并随温度升高或应变速率降低而降低;在100℃/0.5s^(-1)、200℃/0.1s^(-1)和300℃/0.1s^(-1)条件下,层状复合材料组元层间变形较为协调;3种本构模型中,MZA模型的相关系数最高,R为0.99085、平均绝对相对误差最低,e_(AARE)为0.046966,更适合描述1060Al/Al-Al_(2)O_(3)/1060Al层状铝基复合材料的热变形行为。

Production and characterization of rich husk ash particulate reinforced AA6061 aluminum alloy composites by compocasting

Rice husk ash(RHA) is a potential particulate reinforcement to produce aluminum matrix composites(AMCs)economically.Compocasting method was applied to produce aluminum alloy AA6061 reinforced with various amounts(0,2%,4%,6%and 8%,mass fraction) of RHA particles.The prepared composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.X-ray diffraction patterns of AA6061/RHA AMCs revealed the presence of RHA particles without the formation of any other intermetallic compounds.The scanning electron micrographs showed a homogeneous distribution of RHA particles all over the aluminum matrix.Intragranular distribution of RHA particles was observed.Further,RHA particles were bonded well with the aluminum matrix and a clear interface existed.The reinforcement of RHA particles enhanced the microhardness and ultimate tensile strength(UTS) of the AMCs.The tensile behavior is correlated to the microstructure of the AMCs.

Pickering乳液自组装CL-20/n-Al/F2605复合空心微球的制备与性能

高能量、高爆热的六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)/Al复合物由于自身的高感度而限制了在炸药领域的广泛应用。为制备高能量和高安全性的CL-20/Al含能复合材料,采用Pickering乳液法制备了空心球形CL-20/n-Al/F2605(氟橡胶)复合物,并对Pickering乳液稳定性、复合物表面结构、热分解、燃烧及安全性能进行了分析。结果显示:当2 mL乙酸乙酯中溶解的CL-20固体质量为0.10~0.14 g、油水质量比在1:5~1:7之间、超声时间小于30 min、静置时间小于120 min时,形成的乳液稳定性好。该复合物表面结构粗糙,中位径d_(50)为73.17μm,各组分复合均匀。复合物的热分解峰温和活化能分别为236.7℃、164.6 kJ/mol,n-Al和F2605降低了CL-20分解过程中21.2%的活化能。复合物平均线性燃速为7.14 cm/s;特性落高H_(50)为39.5 cm,和原料CL-20相比提升了26.5 cm,安全性能得到提高。