Deep brain implantable microelectrode arrays for detection and functional localization of the subthalamic nucleus in rats with Parkinson’s disease

The subthalamic nucleus(STN)is considered the best target for deep brain stimulation treatments of Parkinson’s disease(PD).It is difficult to localize the STN due to its small size and deep location.Multichannel microelectrode arrays(MEAs)can rapidly and precisely locate the STN,which is important for precise stimulation.In this paper,16-channel MEAs modified with multiwalled carbon nanotube/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(MWCNT/PEDOT:PSS)nanocomposites were designed and fabricated,and the accurate and rapid identification of the STN in PD rats was performed using detection sites distributed at different brain depths.These results showed that nuclei in 6-hydroxydopamine hydrobromide(6-OHDA)-lesioned brains discharged more intensely than those in unlesioned brains.In addition,the MEA simultaneously acquired neural signals from both the STN and the upper or lower boundary nuclei of the STN.Moreover,higher values of spike firing rate,spike amplitude,local field potential(LFP)power,and beta oscillations were detected in the STN of the 6-OHDA-lesioned brain,and may therefore be biomarkers of STN localization.Compared with the STNs of unlesioned brains,the power spectral density of spikes and LFPs synchronously decreased in the delta band and increased in the beta band of 6-OHDA-lesioned brains.This may be a cause of sleep and motor disorders associated with PD.Overall,this work describes a new cellular-level localization and detection method and provides a tool for future studies of deep brain nuclei.

基于改进YOLOX-S的轻量化煤矸石检测方法研究

目的 为了探索基于现有机器视觉煤矸石检测方法的模型参数量、计算量对检测速度和嵌入式设备的影响,方法 提出一种基于改进的无锚框YOLOX-S轻量化煤矸石检测模型。为使模型能提取更真实的煤矸石特征信息,收集分选现场煤矸石样本,保证实际环境下的煤矸石检测效果,适应实际生产环境。结合CSPNet,将输入的特征图分割成两个分支,实现更丰富的梯度组合,同时减少模型计算量;之后在其中一条分支使用Ghost轻量化卷积,通过少量常规卷积生成一组特征图,达到初次减少计算量和参数量的效果,然后在此特征图基础上经过简单线性变化操作,生成一组新的特征图,将两组特征图进行融合,降低对计算资源需求的同时,也达到了常规卷积相同的特征提取效果;引入LeakyReLU激活函数减弱模型梯度消失的影响,提取更深更多的特征信息;最后融合两个分支特征,保证较高的检测精度,提升模型检测速度。采用CIOU Loss(complete IOU loss)优化目标边界框回归损失函数,使模型回归损失收敛更快,提高模型目标定位能力。结果 与原模型相比,本文改进模型在保证较高的平均精度均值90.51%情况下,模型参数减少47%,计算量减少49%,检测速度达到50帧/s。结论 轻量化煤矸石检测模型使智能化煤矸石检测在实际生产环境中具有一定的应用前景。

基于MRI影像组学构建PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗dMMR/MSI-H直肠癌疗效的预测模型

目的:探讨MRI影像组学模型在程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1(PD-1)/程序性细胞死亡-配体1(PD-L1)抑制剂联合全程新辅助治疗(TNT)局部进展期直肠癌(LARC)的疗效预测价值。方法:收集河南中医药大学第一附属医院PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合TNT治疗的80例错配修复基因缺陷(dMMR)/微卫星高度不稳定(MSI-H)基因型中低位LARC患者的临床和影像资料。将入组患者按7∶3比例分为训练集和测试集,提取影像组学特征,从中筛选并构建影像组学模型。描绘影像组学模型的Rad-score与病理金标准之间的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),并评价模型的诊断效能。采用决策曲线分析(DCA)计算风险阈值的范围,并评估临床获益情况。收集湖南省人民医院25例dMMR/MSI-H基因型LARC患者的影像资料作为外部验证集。结果:训练集、测试集及外部验证集三者之间的临床特征无统计学差异(P>0.05)。经过降维处理、t检验及一致性检验以及LASSO交叉验证后,筛选出一阶偏度特征和体积2个特征构建影像组学模型。训练集、测试集和外部验证集的影像组学预测模型ROC曲线的AUC、灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为0.920、97.1%、85.7%、91.9%、94.7%;0.885、80.0%、88.9%、92.3%、72.7%;0.875、87.5%、88.9%、93.3%、80.0%。DCA曲线显示,当风险阈值范围为0%~82%时,采用影像组学模型预测LARC患者为病理完全缓解(pCR)的获益大于将所有患者都视为pCR或者无病理完全缓解(npCR)。结论:基于MRI影像组学构建的dMMR/MSI-H型局部进展期直肠癌PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合全程新辅助放化疗疗效预测模型,有较大潜力为不同基因分型的直肠癌患者制定个体化治疗策略提供量化依据。

Shear wave splitting analysis of local earthquakes from dense arrays in Shimian,Sichuan

The Shimian area of Sichuan sits at the junction of the Bayan Har block.Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block,and Yangtze block,where several faults intersect.This region features intense tectonic activity and frequent earthquakes.In this study,we used local seismic waveform data recorded using dense arrays deployed in the Shimian area to obtain the shear wave splitting parameters at 55 seismic stations and thereby determine the crustal anisotropic characteristics of the region.We then analyzed the crustal stress pattern and tectonic setting and explored their relationship in the study area.Although some stations returned a polarization direction of NNW-SSE.a dominant polarization direction of NW-SE was obtained for the fast shear wave at most seismic stations in the study area.The polarization directions of the fast shear wave were highly consistent throughout the study-area.This orientation was in accordance with the direction of the regional principal compressive stress and parallel to the trend of the Xianshuihe and Daliangshan faults.The distribution of crustal anisotropy in this area was affected by the regional tectonic stress field and the fault structures.The mean delay time between fast and slow shear waves was 3.83 ms/km.slightly greater than the values obtained in other regions of Sichuan.This indicates that the crustal media in our study area had a high anisotropic strength and also reveals the influence of tectonic complexity resulting from the intersection of multiple faults on the strength of seismic anisotropy.

Subcellular localization of alpha-synuclein aggregates and their interaction with membranes

For more than a decade numerous evidence has been reported on the mechanisms of toxicity of α-synuclein（αS） oligomers and aggregates in α-synucleinopathies.These species were thought to form freely in the cytoplasm but recent reports of αS multimer conformations when bound to synaptic vesicles in physiological conditions,have raised the question about where αS aggregation initiates.In this review we focus on recent literature regarding the impact on membrane binding and subcellular localization of αS toxic species to understand how regular cellular function of αS contributes to pathology.Notably αS has been reported to mainly associate with specific membranes in neurons such as those of synaptic vesicles,ER/Golgi and the mitochondria,while toxic species of αS have been shown to inhibit,among others,neurotransmission,protein trafficking and mitochondrial function.Strategies interfering with αS membrane binding have shown to improve αS-driven toxicity in worms and in mice.Thus,a selective membrane binding that would result in a specific subcellular localization could be the key to understand how aggregation and pathology evolves,pointing out to αS functions that are primarily affected before onset of irreversible damage.

Spatial Autocorrelation and Localization of Urban Development

A nonlinear analysis of urban evolution is made by using of spatial autocorrelation theory. A first-order nonlinear autoregression model based on Clark’s negative exponential model is proposed to show urban population density. The new method and model are applied to Hangzhou City, China, as an example. The average distance of population activities, the auto-correlation coefficient of urban population density, and the auto-regressive function values all show trends of gradual increase from 1964 to 2000, but there always is a sharp first-order cutoff in the partial auto- correlations. These results indicate that urban development is a process of localization. The discovery of urban locality is significant to improve the cellular-automata-based urban simulation of modeling spatial complexity.

Chromosomal localization of 5S rDNA in Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis):a chromosome-specific marker for chromosome identification

Chinese shrimp （Fenneropenaeus chinensis） is an economically important aquaculture species in China. However, cytogenetic and genomic data is limited in the organism partly because the chromosomes are difficult to isolate and analyze. In this study, fluorescence in-situ hybridization （FISH） was used to identify the chromosomes of F. chinensis. The 5S ribosomal RNA gene （rDNA） of F. chinensis was isolated, cloned and then used as a hybridization probe. The results show that the 5S rDNA was located on one pair of homologous chromosomes in F chinensis. In addition, triploid shrimp were used to evaluate the feasibility of chromosome identification using FISH and to validate the method. It was confirmed that 5S rDNA can be used as a chromosome-specific probe for chromosome identification in E chinensis. The successful application ofFISH in E chinensis shows that chromosome-specific probes can be developed and this finding will facilitate further research on the chromosomes ofpenaeid shrimps.

S^(*)-收敛和局部强紧空间

定向空间是定向完备偏序集的拓扑推广,局部强紧空间可以刻画为拟连续的定向空间.本文给出了关于局部强紧空间的一个拓扑版的Scott收敛定理.通过引入S^(*)-收敛的概念并定义有限逼近空间,本文得到以下主要结果:(i)定向空间X是局部强紧的当且仅当S_(X)^(*)-收敛是可拓扑化的;(ii)对任意T0空间X,S_(X)^(*)-收敛是可拓扑化的当且仅当X是有限逼近空间;(iii)若定向空间X上的Lawson拓扑是紧的,则X是赋予Scott拓扑的定向完备偏序集.

基于滑动窗宽优化的LMSSGST识别非平稳信号瞬时频率

为提高非平稳响应信号瞬时频率的识别效果,提出基于滑动窗宽优化的局部最大同步挤压广义S变换(local maximum synchrosqueezing generalized S-transform,LMSSGST)。该方法首先对非平稳响应信号进行广义S变换获得相应的时频系数;其次,利用该响应信号的功率谱密度特征曲线确定局部最大同步挤压算子中滑动窗的宽度;再次,通过局部最大同步挤压算子进行时频重排;最后,采用模极大值改进算法提取瞬时频率曲线。通过两个数值算例、一个滑动窗宽参数分析和一个时变拉索试验验证了所提方法的有效性,研究结果表明:利用功率谱密度特征曲线能够有效确定滑动窗的窗宽和模极大值算法的提取范围。相比局部最大同步挤压变换算法,基于滑动窗宽优化的LMSSGST具有更佳的瞬时频率识别效果。

Cortico-striatal gamma oscillations are modulated by dopamine D3 receptors in dyskinetic rats

Long-term levodopa administration can lead to the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Gamma oscillations are a widely recognized hallmark of abnormal neural electrical activity in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Currently,studies have reported increased oscillation power in cases of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.However,little is known about how the other electrophysiological parameters of gamma oscillations are altered in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Furthermore,the role of the dopamine D3 receptor,which is implicated in levodopa-induced dyskinesia,in movement disorder-related changes in neural oscillations is unclear.We found that the cortico-striatal functional connectivity of beta oscillations was enhanced in a model of Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,levodopa application enhanced cortical gamma oscillations in cortico-striatal projections and cortical gamma aperiodic components,as well as bidirectional primary motor cortex(M1)↔dorsolateral striatum gamma flow.Administration of PD128907(a selective dopamine D3 receptor agonist)induced dyskinesia and excessive gamma oscillations with a bidirectional M1↔dorsolateral striatum flow.However,administration of PG01037(a selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist)attenuated dyskinesia,suppressed gamma oscillations and cortical gamma aperiodic components,and decreased gamma causality in the M1→dorsolateral striatum direction.These findings suggest that the dopamine D3 receptor plays a role in dyskinesia-related oscillatory activity,and that it has potential as a therapeutic target for levodopa-induced dyskinesia.

基于B/S架构的国产化指控系统告警框架

以JavaScript、C++作为开发语言,以达梦作为数据库工具,构建了一个基于B/S架构的国产化指控系统告警框架。框架对各告警事件的类型、等级、阈值进行收集、统计,并在此基础上实现了各类型告警事件统一的前台展现,支持告警记录的查询、筛选,提供后续的事件处置接口。框架统一集成的方式在减少开发人员工作量的同时,也有利于指控人员对各类告警事件进行查阅、管理。

Axonal mRNA localization and local translation in neurodegenerative diseases

The regulation of mRNA localization and local translation play vital roles in the maintenance of cellular structure and function.Many human neurodegenerative diseases,such as fragile X syndrome,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease,and spinal muscular atrophy,have been characterized by pathological changes in neuronal axons,including abnormal mRNA translation,the loss of protein expression,or abnormal axon transport.Moreover,the same protein and mRNA molecules have been associated with variable functions in different diseases due to differences in their interaction networks.In this review,we briefly examine fragile X syndrome,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease,and spinal muscular atrophy,with a focus on disease pathogenesis with regard to local mRNA translation and axon transport,suggesting possible treatment directions.

Brain Localization and the Integrated Systems Hypothesis: Evidence from Broca’s Region

The human brain is a fascinatingly complex organ with specialized structures associated with distinct functions. Classical and recent studies on brain localization propose that Broca’s area underpin expressive language and this has been generalized to explain brain functional organization. However, recent neuroimaging studies have shown that the Broca’s area is an extended network that not only participate in its primary function-expressive language processing but in secondary functions-processing non-linguistic/nonverbal tasks as well. Also, there is hierarchical connectivity and interaction of Broca’s region and different brain areas in underlying related primary functions. For this review, I start with revisiting the classical description of brain localization. I then discuss the neuroanatomy of language production and the role of Broca’s region in language processing. I then highlight the participation of the Broca’s area in non-linguistic tasks and non-primary linguistic tasks. Ultimately, I propose a novel hypothesis called integrated systems hypothesis. The integrated systems hypothesis is useful for guiding research on the multimodal role of specific localized integrated systems of the brain especially the role of the Broca’s region in integrating linguistic and non-linguistic processing and how this facilitate language production.

Spectral Dependence of the Degree of Localization in a 1D Disordered System with a Complex Structural Unit

We analyze the spectral distribution of localisation in a 1D diagonally disordered chain of fragments each of which consist of m coupled two-level systems. The calculations performed by means of developed perturbation theory for joint statistics of advanced and retarded Green’s functions. We show that this distribution is rather inhomogeneous and reveals spectral regions of weakly localized states with sharp peaks of the localization degree in the centers of these regions.

ONSET CONDITION OF STRAIN LOCALIZATION IN MATRIX OF SATURATED POROUS MEDIA

Based on governing equations of saturated porous media and Liapunov＇ s stability here, onset conditions matrix of porous media used by solid stress and Terzaghi＇s effective stress constitutive description under seepage flow state, are presented, which have different forms with different representation of the solid phase, matrix or skeleton, constitutive model of porous media. The main difference relates with how to describe the interaction between solid phase and liquid phase in constitutive model. The derived onset condition of strain localization under Terzaghi＇ s effective stress description can be used to interpret different failure types, piping effect, landslides and mudflows, by means of the type and the magnitude ratio of relative movement between solid phase and liquid phase. Examples here illuminate the onset condition of how to work.

基于局部最大值同步压缩广义S变换识别结构瞬时频率

为提升土木工程结构的瞬时频率识别精度,本文提出局部最大值同步压缩广义S变换方法.该方法首先对响应信号进行广义S变换;然后针对时频系数求取关于时间的偏导,进而估算信号的瞬时频率;最后采用局部最大值同步压缩算子来对时频系数进行重排,以此得到响应信号的瞬时频带.通过一组两层剪切框架模型的数值算例和一个七层钢筋混凝土剪力墙振动台试验验证该方法的有效性和可行性.研究结果表明,与既有的局部最大值同步压缩变换相比,本文方法不仅提升了瞬时频率的识别精度,而且改善了响应信号瞬时频带的时频聚集性.

Stepwise Regression： An Application in Earthquakes Localization

In this paper, an overview of an important feature in statistics field has shown： the stepwise multiple linear regression. Likewise, a link between stepwise multiple linear regression and earthquakes localization has been descripted. Precisely, the aim of this research is showing how stepwise multiple linear regression contributes to solution of earthquakes localization, describing its conditions of use in HYPO71PC, a software devoted to computation of seismic sources’ collocation. This aim is reached treating a concrete case, that is computation of earthquakes localization happening on Mount Vesuvius, Italy.

S Zorb装置再生器进料罐排气线调节球阀国产化改造研究

S Zorb装置再生器进料罐排气线调节球阀通过调节进料罐压力来控制装置吸附剂的循环速率,直接影响装置的催化剂再生,对装置的正常生产至关重要。由于介质流速快、吸附剂硬度高、阀门正常开度小等原因,冲刷很严重,使用寿命短,给装置安稳生产带来了很大的困扰。通过CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics,即计算流体动力学分析)分析,对该阀进行国产化改造,提升了调节性能和使用寿命,大幅降低了购置成本,在控制阀国产化方面,具有较高的推广应用价值。

铁路国产终端B/S架构应用迁移及管理技术研究

铁路终端国产化迁移是维护铁路上层业务应用系统信息安全、实现自主可控的必然要求。分析铁路应用系统现状、国产化迁移面临的主要问题及需求,研究铁路B/S架构应用系统国产化迁移方案,针对铁路应用特点和应用场景,提出应用商店和安全管控平台,实现对铁路应用全周期管理及信创终端的集中管控,满足应用便捷安装、集中管理、专属渠道分发、安全合规等需求,为信创终端的应用安全稳定运行提供可行的环境支撑。

Cloned s-Lap Gene Coding Area, Expression and Localization of s-Lap/GFP Fusion Protein in Mammal Cells

s-Lap is a new gene sequence from pig retinal pigment epithelial(RPE) cells, which was found and cloned in the early period of apoptosis of RPE cells damaged with visible light. We cloned the coding area sequence of the novel gene of s-Lap and constructed its recombinant eukaryotic plasmid pcDNA3.1-GFP/s-lap with the recombinant DNA technique. The expression and localization of s-lap/GFP fusion protein in CHO and B_~16 cell lines were studied with the instantaneously transfected pcDNA3.1-GFP/s-lap recombinant plasmid. ~s-Lap/GFP fusion protein can be expressed in CHO and B_~16 cells with a high rate expression in the nuclei.