Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB)has brought much attention and concern because of high theoretical specific capacity and energy density as one of main competitors for next-generation energy storage systems.The widely comme...Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB)has brought much attention and concern because of high theoretical specific capacity and energy density as one of main competitors for next-generation energy storage systems.The widely commercial application and development of LSB is mainly hindered by serious“shuttle effect”of lithium polysulfides(Li PSs),slow reaction kinetics,notorious lithium dendrites,etc.In various structures of LSB materials,array structured materials,possessing the composition of ordered micro units with the same or similar characteristics of each unit,present excellent application potential for various secondary cells due to some merits such as immobilization of active substances,high specific surface area,appropriate pore sizes,easy modification of functional material surface,accommodated huge volume change,enough facilitated transportation for electrons/lithium ions,and special functional groups strongly adsorbing Li PSs.Thus many novel array structured materials are applied to battery for tackling thorny problems mentioned above.In this review,recent progresses and developments on array structured materials applied in LSBs including preparation ways,collaborative structural designs based on array structures,and action mechanism analyses in improving electrochemical performance and safety are summarized.Meanwhile,we also have detailed discussion for array structured materials in LSBs and constructed the structure-function relationships between array structured materials and battery performances.Lastly,some directions and prospects about preparation ways,functional modifications,and practical applications of array structured materials in LSBs are generalized.We hope the review can attract more researchers'attention and bring more studying on array structured materials for other secondary batteries including LSB.展开更多
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） can enhance plant stress resistance against biological and abiotic factors, playing an important role in increasing crop yield and reducing pesticide use. It is also of great devel...Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） can enhance plant stress resistance against biological and abiotic factors, playing an important role in increasing crop yield and reducing pesticide use. It is also of great development potential in agriculture, horticulture, forestry and environmental remediation. We summarized preparation of AMF inoculants from the components of inoculant preparation system, including mycorrhizal fungi, host plants, culture matrix and nutrition, and pointed out the direction and prospect of inoculants market in the future.展开更多
A concept is introduced for initiating the design study of a special class of tokamak,which has a magnetic confinement configuration intermediate between contemporary advanced tokamak and the recently established sphe...A concept is introduced for initiating the design study of a special class of tokamak,which has a magnetic confinement configuration intermediate between contemporary advanced tokamak and the recently established spherical torus (ST,also well known by the name "spherical tokamak").The leading design parameter in the present proposal is a dimensionless geometrical parameter, the machine aspect ratio A=R 0/a 0= 2.0,where the parameters a 0 and R 0 denote,respectively,the plasma (equatorial) minor radius and the plasma major radius.The aim of this choice is to technologically and experimentally go beyond the aspect ratio frontier (R 0/a 0≈2.5) of present day tokamaks and enter a broad unexplored domain existing on the (a 0,R 0) parameter space in current international tokamak database,between the data region already moderately well covered by the advanced conventional tokamaks and the data region planned to be covered by STs.Plasma minor radius a 0 has been chosen to be the second basic design parameter, and consequently,the plasma major radius R 0 is regarded as a dependent design parameter.In the present concept,a nominal plasma minor radius a 0=1.2m is adopted to be the principal design value,and smaller values of a 0 can be used for auxiliary design purposes,to establish extensive database linkage with existing tokamaks.Plasma minor radius can also be adjusted by mechanical and/or electromagnetic means to smaller values during experiments,for making suitable data linkages to existing machines with higher aspect ratios and smaller plasma minor radii.The basic design parameters proposed enable the adaptation of several confinement techniques recently developed by STs,and thereby a specially arranged central bore region inside the envisioned tokamak torus,with retrieved space in the direction of plasma minor radius,will be available for technological adjustments and maneuverings to facilitate implementation of engineering instrumentation and real time high field side radiation and particle diagnostics,especially for high field side edge physics and plasma surface interaction studies.展开更多
目的探讨不同内膜准备方案对胚胎植入前非整倍体检测(preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies,PGT-A)后整倍体单囊胚移植妊娠结局及产科结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2015年9月至2021年7月期间于郑州大学第一附属医院生殖医学...目的探讨不同内膜准备方案对胚胎植入前非整倍体检测(preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies,PGT-A)后整倍体单囊胚移植妊娠结局及产科结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2015年9月至2021年7月期间于郑州大学第一附属医院生殖医学中心行PGT-A助孕后整倍体单囊胚移植患者的临床资料,根据内膜准备方案分为自然周期组(n=80)和激素替代周期组(n=259),比较两组患者妊娠结局及产科结局的差异,并通过二元logistic回归探究影响PGT-A患者妊娠结局及产科结局的影响因素,再将年龄分层进一步探究不同内膜准备方案的妊娠结局。结果与自然周期组相比,激素替代周期组优质囊胚率显著升高,但活产率降低、流产率升高(P<0.05),两组临床妊娠率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。激素替代周期剖宫产率和巨大儿发生率高于自然周期组,低体重儿发生率低于自然周期组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。二元logistic回归显示:女方年龄是流产的独立影响因素,女方年龄和囊胚发育天数是活产的独立影响因素(P<0.05),内膜准备方案并不是妊娠及产科结局的影响因素(P>0.05)。进一步分析结果显示:35岁以上患者,自然周期组的活产率显著高于激素替代周期组,而流产率显著低于激素替代周期组(P<0.05)。结论内膜准备方案并不影响PGT-A助孕后整倍体单囊胚移植患者的妊娠结局及产科结局。但在高龄患者中,采用自然周期方案可获得更高的活产率、更低的流产率。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203066,51973157,61904123)the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(18JCQNJC02900)+3 种基金the National innovation and entrepreneurship training program for college students(202310058007)the Tianjin Municipal college students’innovation and entrepreneurship training program(202310058088)the Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education(Grant No.2018KJ196)the State Key Laboratory of Membrane and Membrane Separation,Tiangong University.
文摘Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB)has brought much attention and concern because of high theoretical specific capacity and energy density as one of main competitors for next-generation energy storage systems.The widely commercial application and development of LSB is mainly hindered by serious“shuttle effect”of lithium polysulfides(Li PSs),slow reaction kinetics,notorious lithium dendrites,etc.In various structures of LSB materials,array structured materials,possessing the composition of ordered micro units with the same or similar characteristics of each unit,present excellent application potential for various secondary cells due to some merits such as immobilization of active substances,high specific surface area,appropriate pore sizes,easy modification of functional material surface,accommodated huge volume change,enough facilitated transportation for electrons/lithium ions,and special functional groups strongly adsorbing Li PSs.Thus many novel array structured materials are applied to battery for tackling thorny problems mentioned above.In this review,recent progresses and developments on array structured materials applied in LSBs including preparation ways,collaborative structural designs based on array structures,and action mechanism analyses in improving electrochemical performance and safety are summarized.Meanwhile,we also have detailed discussion for array structured materials in LSBs and constructed the structure-function relationships between array structured materials and battery performances.Lastly,some directions and prospects about preparation ways,functional modifications,and practical applications of array structured materials in LSBs are generalized.We hope the review can attract more researchers'attention and bring more studying on array structured materials for other secondary batteries including LSB.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41401496)Startup Foundation for Doctors of Xi'an University of Technology(2014QDJ061)
文摘Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） can enhance plant stress resistance against biological and abiotic factors, playing an important role in increasing crop yield and reducing pesticide use. It is also of great development potential in agriculture, horticulture, forestry and environmental remediation. We summarized preparation of AMF inoculants from the components of inoculant preparation system, including mycorrhizal fungi, host plants, culture matrix and nutrition, and pointed out the direction and prospect of inoculants market in the future.
文摘A concept is introduced for initiating the design study of a special class of tokamak,which has a magnetic confinement configuration intermediate between contemporary advanced tokamak and the recently established spherical torus (ST,also well known by the name "spherical tokamak").The leading design parameter in the present proposal is a dimensionless geometrical parameter, the machine aspect ratio A=R 0/a 0= 2.0,where the parameters a 0 and R 0 denote,respectively,the plasma (equatorial) minor radius and the plasma major radius.The aim of this choice is to technologically and experimentally go beyond the aspect ratio frontier (R 0/a 0≈2.5) of present day tokamaks and enter a broad unexplored domain existing on the (a 0,R 0) parameter space in current international tokamak database,between the data region already moderately well covered by the advanced conventional tokamaks and the data region planned to be covered by STs.Plasma minor radius a 0 has been chosen to be the second basic design parameter, and consequently,the plasma major radius R 0 is regarded as a dependent design parameter.In the present concept,a nominal plasma minor radius a 0=1.2m is adopted to be the principal design value,and smaller values of a 0 can be used for auxiliary design purposes,to establish extensive database linkage with existing tokamaks.Plasma minor radius can also be adjusted by mechanical and/or electromagnetic means to smaller values during experiments,for making suitable data linkages to existing machines with higher aspect ratios and smaller plasma minor radii.The basic design parameters proposed enable the adaptation of several confinement techniques recently developed by STs,and thereby a specially arranged central bore region inside the envisioned tokamak torus,with retrieved space in the direction of plasma minor radius,will be available for technological adjustments and maneuverings to facilitate implementation of engineering instrumentation and real time high field side radiation and particle diagnostics,especially for high field side edge physics and plasma surface interaction studies.
文摘目的探讨不同内膜准备方案对胚胎植入前非整倍体检测(preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies,PGT-A)后整倍体单囊胚移植妊娠结局及产科结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2015年9月至2021年7月期间于郑州大学第一附属医院生殖医学中心行PGT-A助孕后整倍体单囊胚移植患者的临床资料,根据内膜准备方案分为自然周期组(n=80)和激素替代周期组(n=259),比较两组患者妊娠结局及产科结局的差异,并通过二元logistic回归探究影响PGT-A患者妊娠结局及产科结局的影响因素,再将年龄分层进一步探究不同内膜准备方案的妊娠结局。结果与自然周期组相比,激素替代周期组优质囊胚率显著升高,但活产率降低、流产率升高(P<0.05),两组临床妊娠率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。激素替代周期剖宫产率和巨大儿发生率高于自然周期组,低体重儿发生率低于自然周期组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。二元logistic回归显示:女方年龄是流产的独立影响因素,女方年龄和囊胚发育天数是活产的独立影响因素(P<0.05),内膜准备方案并不是妊娠及产科结局的影响因素(P>0.05)。进一步分析结果显示:35岁以上患者,自然周期组的活产率显著高于激素替代周期组,而流产率显著低于激素替代周期组(P<0.05)。结论内膜准备方案并不影响PGT-A助孕后整倍体单囊胚移植患者的妊娠结局及产科结局。但在高龄患者中,采用自然周期方案可获得更高的活产率、更低的流产率。
