The Economics of Decline in the Media Industry： Survival Strategies of American Print Media Firms and Implications for a Diminishing Print Media Industry in Nigeria

The media industry plays a central role in the emergence of a politically, socially, and economically conscious citizenry. This role has elevated the industry as a major stakeholder in the political, socio-cultural, and economic development of the people. This essential role, however, has come under serious threat following the emergence of the Digital Age, changing social trends, and a global economy that is in distress. This is the main reason this paper investigates the survival strategies adopted by the US print media industry to deal with the decline and see how the Nigerian print media industry that is facing similar decline can benefit from the strategies. The method of study is qualitative. We gathered data through in-depth interviews and on-site observation of the operations of the selected media organizations. We also reviewed literature provided by the media firms and the ones that are already in the public domain. Our findings confirm recent projections that the American and Nigerian media industries are truly facing economics of decline and that the Nigerian industry is worst hit. The study identified some of the strategies adopted by the American print media industry to deal with the economic recession to include introduction of online editions, use of pay wall, free online views, Search Engine Optimization, Micro-funding, etc. After thorough interrogation of the literature and results, we conclude that the Nigerian print media industry could apply similar strategies used in the US to address its own negative economic situation. We also recommend an upgrade in the media training curricula to address some of these concerns effectively leading to the emergence of ＂Media Entrepreneurship＂ as a course in Communication/Media Departments in Nigerian universities.

Research on the Development Path of Zigong Salt Culture and Creative Industry in the Era of Digital New Media

Salt culture is the main component of traditional culture in Zigong,Sichuan.With centuries of history,it has accumulated rich cultural connotations.At present,Zigong salt culture,as a precious traditional cultural wealth,has taken cultural and creative industries as a new carrier of communication in the rapid development of digital new media technology,giving full play to the resource advantages of its traditional culture.This article focuses on the study of the development path of Zigong salt cultural and creative industry in the new digital media era.Combining digital new media technology with cultural and creative industries,Zigong salt culture actively uses virtual technology to realize the innovative development of cultural and creative industries,promote the cultivation of cultural and creative brands based on digital new media technology.This article aims to give relevant strategies with reference value,so as to make corresponding contributions to the development path of Zigong salt culture in the future.

Innovative Business Modelsinthe Morden Media Industry

In the modem media industry, in addition to the traditional business model of proprietary products selling, there are a number of new business models that involve free distribution of whole products, or some parts of the products. The advantage of the open business model is in the value creation by a large community of developers, whereas the proprietary business model means a simpler form of value capture. However, open and closed business models can not exist in pure form： the proprietary model does not give enough space for innovation, while the open model gives insufficient opportunities for generating profit. An investigation of the problem of optimal business model choice at the monopolistic market indicates that the fully closed business model is less efficient than the model with the closed core and open extensions; it is profitable for any firm to open all of those ideas and technologies that can not be used without the base module; the completely open business model is optimal if and only if a substantial part of the consumer value is determined by additional services or innovative activity of the users.

On the Feasibility of the Chinese County-Level Convergence Media Centers in Participating in International Communication:Evidence from CDHT’s First-Hand Communication Practice

With the advent of new technologies,China is faced with the practical need to enhance its international communication capacity and address reforms in the modes,content,and channels of international communication.Therefore,more efforts should be made to further enrich the participants in international communication by optimizing China’s four-level journalism communication system and crafting a“great external publicity pattern.”Guiding and promoting county-level convergence media centers to participate in international communication is conducive to promoting the building of a vertical international communication system and a multi-level integrated communication matrix and facilitating the resource alignment and information sharing between domestic and international communication.In practice,some county-level convergence media centers in China have achieved certain results in international communication.A good example is the Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone(CDHT),a pioneer in the reform of Chinese county-level convergence media.Therefore,this paper has used CDHT as an example to discuss the reality and basic conditions for Chinese county-level convergence media centers to participate in international communication and put forward general paths for county-level convergence media centers to engage in international communication.

On the Challenge to Traditional Film and Television Cultural ＆ Creative Industry from the Fourth Media

The emergence and development of the "fourth media" will become the focal competition power in the subsequent development of the film and television cultural & creative industry.This paper,on the one hand,will illustrate the characteristics of the "fourth media" in the terms of history;on the other hand,it will emphasize that the economic benefits of the traditional media have been replaced by social contact media.The advantages of the "fourth media" are obvious and it will keep developing.We hope that the "fourth media" market in China could improve constantly with strategic vision and integrate into the world market.

On the Interaction Between Media and Economic Development--Analysis based on the Principles of Western Economics

In the context of the era of big data,the cultural industry represented by media is developing rapidly and gradually becoming an important force to promote economic growth.Based on the relevant principles of Western economics,the article first analyzes how economic influence guides media activities from the perspective of media and audiences.Secondly,it explores how to promote economic and social development through media from the perspective of media's allocation of production factors,which provides a theoretical basis for scientifically understanding and understanding media economy.

Development of China’s Media Industry & Building of Civil Society

Historical changes have taken place in China under the reform-and-opening-up policy over the past three decades. Changes in China＇s social and economic structures, cultural scenes and social operations are revolutionary. The Chinese people, who account for one fifth of the human race, are working hard to bring about a national reiuvanation.

Numerical modeling dynamic process of multi-feed microwave heating of industrial solution media

The exothermic efficiency of microwave heating an electrolyte/water solution is remarkably high due to the dielectric heating by orientation polarization of water and resistance heating by the Joule process occurred simultaneously compared with pure water.A three-dimensional finite element numerical model of multi-feed microwave heating industrial liquids continuously flowing in a meter-scale circular tube is presented.The temperature field inside the applicator tube in the cavity is solved by COMSOL Multiphysics and professional programming to describe the momentum,energy and Maxwell's equations.The evaluations of the electromagnetic field,the temperature distribution and the velocity field are simulated for the fluids dynamically heated by singleand multi-feed microwave system,respectively.Both the pilot experimental investigations and numerical results of microwave with single-feed heating for fluids with different effective permittivity and flow rates show that the presented numerical modeling makes it possible to analyze dynamic process of multi-feed microwave heating the industrial liquid.The study aids in enhancing the understanding and optimizing of dynamic process in the use of multi-feed microwave heating industrial continuous flow for a variety of material properties and technical parameters.

Perceived Agenda-Setting Effects： Factors Impacting Awareness of Media Influence

Using the air pollution in Beijing as the example, the current study examines respondents’ perceived media’s impact on both issue agenda-setting （first-level） and attribute agenda-setting （second-level） effects through a self-reported telephone survey in January 2015. The results confirm media’s impact on the awareness of issue agenda-setting effects but only partly support attribute agenda-setting effects. The results show perceived media credibility, direct personal experience, interpersonal communication, and media exposure all positively influence the perceived issue agenda-setting effects by individuals. Whereas media credibility and direct personal experience influence perceived attribute agenda setting effects. The findings suggest that Chinese media are effective in telling people what to think about, but not effective in telling people how to think.

An Analysis of Media Concentration Strategies and Concentration Ownership

With the growth of digitization and globalization, media companies expanded and concentrated themselves in media industry or cross-media industry.There are three different forms of expansion and concentration in media industry, which includes horizontal, diagonal and vertical expansion. This essay analyzes the different forms of media expansion and concentration and find that the major advantage media concentration is that economies of scale and scope are able to occur. It means efficiency and market power of media industry could be increased. At the same time, the disadvantage of media concentration is that exceeding market power may damage the normal competition. Thus, policies of media expansion and concentrations should also be focused.

Social Media’s Perspective on Industry 4.0:A Twitter Analysis

The development and change that has taken place in the industry recently entered a new phase in parallel with the developments in computer technology. This phase is referred as Industry 4.0. With Industry 4.0, companies are working to take advantage of information technology to increase profitability and productivity. Increasing use of social media in recent years has forced companies to show their presence on those platforms. Social media is a major source of meaningful information for companies because it contains large amounts of data. In this study, the top five companies operating in information technology (IT) research/consulting and the top five companies operating in enterprise resource planning (ERP) field were selected. Conclusions have been made based on the analysis of the tweets related to Industry 4.0.

Exploring the characteristics of tourism industry by analyzing consumer review contents from social media:a case study of Bamako,Mali

In this Web 2.0 era,various and massive tourist experiences and reviews presented on social networks have become important information for tourism research.In this paper,we apply social media to explore and study the tourism industry of Bamako,Mali.Over 2000 reviewers and their comments about Bamako’s hotels and restaurants from TripAdvisor and Facebook were collected.Also,we integrate official tourism statistic data and field surveying data into the online review dataset.Data mining and statistic method are used to analyze the data for purpose of exploring the characteristics about tourism industry in Bamako.And we find that:(i)Most tourists are coming to Bamako for business purpose,and they incline to choose the hotels with better service and security condition;(ii)Comments on social media would greatly affect travelers’choice on hotels;(iii)Most travelers are satisfied about Bamako’s accommodation services.

Examining the Factors that Influence the Use of Social Media for Disaster Management by Underserved Communities

This study examined the propensity of social media use by underserved communities by drawing on the literature on the digital divide and attribution theory.Specifically,this research explored the factors that can influence the use of social media for disaster management.The study used survey methodology to collect data and partial least squares structural equation modeling(PLSSEM)to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.The results of the study indicate:(1)that the propensity of social media use for disaster management is low for underserved communities;(2)a positive relationship between an individual’s effort and the intention to use social media for disaster management;and(3)a negative relationship between task difficulty and the intention to use social media for disaster management.The study expanded the literature on the use of social media in disaster management.The article also provides both theoretical and practical implications.

Risk Analysis of Industrial Internet Identity System

The risks of the current identity system represented by Domain Name System(DNS)and Object Identifier(OID)are studied.According to the characteristics of the industrial Internet Identity(Ⅲ)system,four open ecosystem planes are divided,and a corresponding risk analysis view is established to analyze risks for various planes.This paper uses Isaiah Berlin’s definition of liberty to more generally express the concept of security as positive rights and negative rights.In the risk analysis view,the target system is modeled from four dimensions:stakeholders,framework,architecture,and capability delivery.At last,three defensive lines are proposed to establish the identity credit system.

Media Economics Study Prominence and Relevance in India

Evolution of economic thought propagated different theories to understand the money management and its subsequent measures so as to fill demand and supply. The economics horizon broadens to study micro and macro aspects of each industry. Now mass media emerge as industry, delivering goods and services to the consumers. As mass media have expanded and given scope to many key players to enter into this industry to take part in pivotal role like content creators, exhibitors and distributors. Media priorities and agendas are incessantly changing to the tune of the market requirements. Each media industry is working out to produce content with low investment and gain profit out of it. Any change in the regulation policy and technologies may affect the economic process of the media industry. This article laid emphasis on the importance of media industry, scope for research, prospects and challenges of micro and macro characteristics of media industry in India.

Optimal Deep Learning Based Intruder Identification in Industrial Internet of Things Environment

With the increased advancements of smart industries,cybersecurity has become a vital growth factor in the success of industrial transformation.The Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)or Industry 4.0 has revolutionized the concepts of manufacturing and production altogether.In industry 4.0,powerful IntrusionDetection Systems(IDS)play a significant role in ensuring network security.Though various intrusion detection techniques have been developed so far,it is challenging to protect the intricate data of networks.This is because conventional Machine Learning(ML)approaches are inadequate and insufficient to address the demands of dynamic IIoT networks.Further,the existing Deep Learning(DL)can be employed to identify anonymous intrusions.Therefore,the current study proposes a Hunger Games Search Optimization with Deep Learning-Driven Intrusion Detection(HGSODLID)model for the IIoT environment.The presented HGSODL-ID model exploits the linear normalization approach to transform the input data into a useful format.The HGSO algorithm is employed for Feature Selection(HGSO-FS)to reduce the curse of dimensionality.Moreover,Sparrow Search Optimization(SSO)is utilized with a Graph Convolutional Network(GCN)to classify and identify intrusions in the network.Finally,the SSO technique is exploited to fine-tune the hyper-parameters involved in the GCN model.The proposed HGSODL-ID model was experimentally validated using a benchmark dataset,and the results confirmed the superiority of the proposed HGSODL-ID method over recent approaches.

OTT Industry Development in China

This is an era of rapid development and upgrading of the media.Technological innovation has promoted the application of Internet and intelligent technology in TV screens.Under the policy encouragement and regulation,the OTT(Over The Top)industry has grown more vigorously than ever before.With the steadily constant improvement of people’s consumption level,the new living room economy began to rise.This essay focuses on the key parts in the OTT industry chain.Through the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the OTT industry development,it finds the characteristics and existing problems.Combining the status quo,this essay gives the prospect of future OTT industry integration and the improvement of the comprehensive development level.

Prevalence of Ear Disorders at Rabak City, White Nile Province, Sudan, 2017

Background: Residence to industrial areas was associated with increased risk of health problems. Lacks of epidemiological data of ear disorders were noticed among Sudanese. Objectives: This study was set out to determine the prevalence of preventable ear disorders in Rabak city, White Nile province in Sudan. Methods: A well-structured open-ended (pro forma) questionnaire was used to screen 300 participants who suffered of ear, nose and throat (ENT) complaints in the industrial area of Rabak city. Ear examinations for participants complaining of ear disorders were conducted using illuminated and pneumatic otoscope, tuning fork and pure tone audiometry. Diagnosis, risk factors and therapeutic outcomes were evaluated. Data were analyzed statistically and manipulated in a suitable manner. Results: Of total (n = 300), only (n = 186) fit the study criteria. About 85 (28.6%) of participants aged 20 - 40 years old, whilst most 99 (33%) lived at urban-industrial part of the city. The participants who were not working 131 (43.6%) and those with basic level of education were 134 (44.6%). Otitis externa was prevalent in 50 (26.9%) of our participants. Around 44 (23.6%) were suffering of chronic otitis media and 40 (21.4%) were suffering of otitis media with effusion. Acute otitis media was detected in 27 (14.3%). Ear wax was detected in 13 (7.1%), and foreign bodies were found in 12 (6.6%) of the study population. Smoking was commonest amongst participants with otitis externa. Our results revealed that the preferred treatment modality was medical treatment and follow-up the participants which resulted in good outcome. Conclusion: Preventable ear diseases represent a significant health problem among participants of Rabak city. Amongst the ear problems, the incidence of otitis media and otitis externa due to industrial pollution was reported to be high. Creating comprehensive health education about the common ear disorders in this community can help reduce the prevalence of these conditions and is highly recommended.

Can Quality of Content Be a Differentiator for Broadcast Programs？ A Case Study in Japan

This paper discusses the idea that the industry can have a differentiator of program quality by encouraging the activities of the Broadcasting Ethics ＆ Program Improvement Organization （BPO） in Japan. The BPO, a worldwide independent organization, has a mission of a breakwater against state power, and thus can be regarded as a kind of media accountability system, as proposed by Claude-Jean Bertrand. We review some controversial affairs in the TV industry and discuss BPO＇s activities aimed preventing ＂yellow journalism＂ and improving the quality of programming. High-quality content may be a differentiator for viewers faced with a choice of media, and thus, we focus on BPO and its role as a differentiator of the Japanese TV industry among the other, especially, Internet media. We also propose four ideas in response of critiques of BPO. Those are to strengthen transparency of governance of BPO, to improve the conformity of the TV industry to BPO＇s assessments of it, to establish a new committee to examine the whole concept of journalism, and to introduce a new certification institution to guarantee quality.