Human Development from the Perspective of Ecology

the pursuit of the liberation of all mankind and the comprehensive development of human freedom is the theme of all marxist theories.Marx in the criticism of classical political economics“abstract”,to the whole history of the definition of“general”,found the abstract“general”of the people behind the objective existence and state of development,so as to clearly indicate the relationship between man and nature of human development has experienced on the basis of the nature of the dependence on one stage,gradually from natural objects depends on the stage and with the natural fusion of freedom comprehensive stage,and the concrete connotation of man’s free overall and implementation path.

Biological protection of plants in agricultular landscape—state of the art, problems and ways of their decision

Biological protection of plants: definition and objectives. Technologically, biological protection of plants (hereinafter bioprotection) is a high agricultural technology involving agricultural landscape approach and basee on an ecological imperative, namely “use living beings against living beings”. In a wide sense, present-day bioprotection is a fundamental and applied field of knowledge providing harmless suppression of harmful agents during cultivation and storage of agricultural crops by use natural and (or) artificially constructed organisms (including genetically modified ones having pesticidal properties) and products of their live cycle. The overall objective of bioprotection consists in producing harmless, profitable and high-quality vegetative raw material, food, fodder. At the same time, bioprotection agrotechnologies are important environment forming and environment maintaining factors, steady and positively influencing the health of both rural ethnos, and agrosphere as a whole. Realization of integrated bioprotection approaches should provide minimum destruction of beneficial and non-target organisms, excluding the succession of harmful species and appearance of species resistant to biocontrol agents. 2. Theoretical foundation of bioprotection. The following postulates and imperatives of biosphere science, agrarian and social ecology make the scientific basis of bioprotection: “The Nature knows the how and why of things better”; Steady, balanced development of agrosphere (proceeding from a presumption of life support) is based on biocentrism and biosystem relations, or consortism of its consorbents; Control of the agrosphere by human beings could be effective only in case of primary realization of biocenotic regulation; Biocenotic regulation, dynamics of the number and species diversity of agrosphere is realized through trophically similar cenoconsorcia and tritrophic systems, that provides maintenance and preservation of trophically proved critical level of harmful species; Biotic and man-caused effects on argosphere are regularly registered and the degree of these effects on non-target biota is comprehensively estimated, operative measures to prevent its elimination are taken, if necessary. Thus, artificial agrocenoses and agroecosystems are immanent components of the agrospehere. Functioning of their bioresources meets the same laws of the Nature, as the functioning of the biota of natural ground ecosystems. When agrocenoses and agroecosystems make a single whole with the elements of preserved natural ecosystems, reproduction of bioresources, their protection against expansion of competitive and cosmopolitan species are realized at a level of steadily functioning agrocenoconsorcia, where “living beings protect living beings”. 3. Bioprotection and agrosphere. Present-day bioprotection is based on agrolandscape approaches. The major global function of the agrolandscape involves utilization of maximum quantity of solar energy. Modern geosystemic definition of the agrolandscape emphasizes not only its production abilities, but also its social and design-aesthetic functions: “... is an existing geosystem anthropogenically modified for agricultural use and formed with the purpose of the most effective and ecologically safe use of natural and anthropogenic resources for manufacturing economically and socially reasonable quantity of agricultural production and creation of the welfare and spiritual environment for harmonious development of humans” (A.V. Zaharenko, 2004) . The paradox is, that current plant growing (initially based on the use of gratuitous, inexhaustible solar energy and renewed resources of agrosphere) has turned in the most resource uneconomic branch of economy by the beginning of XXI century. Therefore agricultural technologies, including protection of plants, should mostly use renewable, instead of exhaustible resources and not renewable sources of raw material and energy, materialized in agrochemicals, chemical pesticides, oil

Study on Development Stages of Chinese Natural Ecological Civilization

Stage theories of natural ecology are important ideological supports for studying ecological civilization,the evolution shows obvious stage characteristics,but the development still remains in the exploration stage. This paper on the basis of changing relationship between social development and natural environment classifi es natural ecological development into 5 stages and gives specifi c elaborations,to provide theoretical support for the construction of ecological civilization.

Return Children to Nature——A Critique of Rousseau's Natural Education Thought

Jean Jacques Rousseau was one of the famous French Enlightenment thinkers,and Emile was one of his great masterpieces,in which he emphasized his objection to the medieval religious and feudal education that was a hindrance for the development of children's natural individuality,and he advocated implementing the natural education that was conformity to the children's nature,and fostered the harmonious development of children's body and mind.Rousseau's natural education theory was an education rationale for human innovation of its education posterior to his time,which thus was called "Copernican revolution" in human education history.From Rousseau onwards,the human education theory has begun to enter a new period of emphasis on research of children.

Construction of Core Values of Teenagers from the Perspective of Marxist Theory

Marxist theory is an im portant so urce of socialism core value theory,and building so cialism core values under the guidance of Marxist theory is a major proposition that must be considered in the ideological and political education of the new era.Based on the Marxist materialist conception of history,this paper analyzed,from the Marxist perspective,the dialectical relationship between the free and full developm ent of people,the value of peo ple and social development,pointed out the existing problems in ideological and political education and the necessity of targeted education of the core values for teenagers,and proposed to develop and innovate the ways and methods of ideological and political education as well as carry out extensive education on the Marxism,socialism patriotism and Chinese traditional culture under the guidance of Marxist theory,for the purpose of helping teenagers build socialism core values and strengthen their faith in the socialist road with Chinese characteristics and the ideals and beliefs of communism.

LET MAN DEVELOP IN HARMONY WITH NATURE

The development of human society is a process of continuous evolution in which humankind learns to understand, make use of, renovate and adapt itself to nature. Invariably,the CAS always attaches great importance to the comprehensive study of the protection and upgrade of the ecosystem for human existence and the co-ordination of relations between humankind and nature,and considers it of strategic significance for the overall S&T development of the country.As a result of painstaking efforts by generations of CAS professionals, a comprehensive research contingent has

Study on Design of Ecological Garden

Ecological garden views were adopted to re-explore benefits of garden landscaping, co-prosperity of man and tree was applied to study application modes of plants in ecological gardens. Green spaces in ecological gardens should be evenly and reasonably distributed, actual conditions of the planning site respected, outstanding styles and diversified plant furnishings defined. Three layouts of ecological gardens and the future development trend of modern ecological gardens were introduced.

中国式现代化与绿色发展

中国式现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化,绿色发展是其显著特征和突出品质。中国积极推进生态环境建设,人与自然的关系相应地从生态赤字缓慢扩大期、生态赤字快速扩大期、再进入生态赤字缩小期、局部生态盈余期,未来将转向生态盈余期。党的十八大以来,中国生态文明建设在生态环境质量改善、生态保护修复、绿色低碳转型、全球生态治理贡献、中国特色制度体系创新等方面发生了历史性、转折性、全局性变化,但生态环境保护仍面临基础性问题,结构性压力、根源性压力、趋势性压力尚未根本缓解。为此,中国必须坚持长期主义,避免短期机会主义,坚持绿色增长,追求绿色发展的长期价值,并以绿色发展推进人与自然和谐共生现代化,即高质量发展与高水平保护统筹推进,整体推进与重点攻坚协同并进,科技创新与制度创新双轮驱动,正向激励与反向倒逼双向发力,多元参与与协同治理并行不悖,实践探索和经验总结紧密结合。

经济绿色发展对资本主义“自然悖论”的超越

在世界历史的进程中,资本主义大工业将科学和自然力运用到生产过程中,促进了生产力的进步与技术的提升。然而,由于资本主义的生产以价值增殖为根本目的,其最终成为生产力发展的桎梏和生态环境受到污染和破坏的根源,因此造成了不可避免的“自然悖论”。资本本性的剥削性和无限扩张特征,促使其对生态环境无止境地滥用与掠夺,资本主义再生产在充分利用生态环境的过程中造成了人与自然、人与人的“物质变换断裂”,产生了各种“城市病”和“文明病”。不同于资本主义“竭泽而渔”式的发展,以习近平同志为核心的党中央在经济发展方面始终坚持走绿色发展道路,推进人与自然和谐共生的现代化建设,强调经济社会发展与生态环境保护的具体的历史的统一。面对资本主义的“自然悖论”及其造成的“文明病”,中国特色社会主义的绿色发展理念坚持和发展了马克思主义理论,坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路,奠定了高质量发展和高水平保护的制度性基础,促进了环境正义与社会正义的相互融合,在未来社会的绿色变革中发挥着重要作用。

引领新时代水土保持之科技前瞻

中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅《关于加强新时代水土保持工作的意见》,对水土保持高质量发展提出了新的时代要求。全面提升水土保持功能和生态产品供给能力是新时代水土保持攻坚的目标与任务。新时代水土保持科学技术支撑十分重要和紧迫,应从以下几方面加快科技创新和应用:区域水土流失治理减量降级目标与评价,实行水土保持率不同阈值的区域水土保持分类指导,构建水土保持功能分析指标体系,探索生态系统水土保持功能提升技术;建立水土保持重点区域空间管控制度,实施差别化管理,探索并推广不同类型农林开发活动水土保持技术措施;生产建设项目水土保持方案智慧管理,水土流失风险评价与智能预警,建立绿色设计绿色施工标准,探索视频监控与跟踪管理;加强山水林田湖草沙系统治理技术支撑,以生态清洁小流域促进乡村振兴与共同富裕,探索水土流失治理中生态系统多样性、稳定性、持续性提升技术,推进水土流失科学治理智慧指导与智能管理;加快水土保持碳汇研究与市场交易,建立水土保持生态损害价值评估体系,深化水土流失测报与动态监测等基础研究。以创新理论、技术、机制的新探索,全面提升水土保持治理体系和治理能力现代化水平,服务高质量发展。

人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化--一项基于多维度的历时性考察

自中华人民共和国成立以来,中国的现代化建设历经传统、统筹与创新三个阶段,构成了富有中国特色的现代化建设图景。其中,关于自然价值观的更迭,从生产质料转变为保障条件,再到新型财富,其价值得以不断扩容与彰显。同时,随着自然价值观的变化,人与自然关系也从传统阶段的相对分离,转变为统筹阶段的共在共存,再向创新阶段的共生共荣关系抵近。在这一关系变迁中,从发展优先为起点,到发展与保护统筹兼顾,最终演变为生态优先,实现了经济效益、生态效益与社会效益的统一。纵观整个中国的现代化建设历程,绿色型发展作为通往人与自然和谐共生现代化的路径保障,实现了对传统发展模式的创造性解构,进而为通往人类现代化新形态贡献中国智慧与方案。

回溯、思考、践行:人与自然和谐共生的现代化

人与自然和谐共生的现代化是新时代关于人与自然关系的高度凝练,深刻领悟这一新论断,深入贯彻习近平生态文明思想,需要从历史逻辑、理论逻辑和实践逻辑进行把握。通过梳理坚持和发展马克思主义生态文明思想、弘扬中华优秀传统文化、反拨资本主义生态僭越逻辑的发展进程,有助于把握新时代人与自然关系的发展趋势;统筹“生命共同体”“两山论”“两个重大”关于人与自然关系的科学理念,深刻认识其内涵意蕴对于践行人与自然和谐共生的现代化具有现实意义;立足系统治理、数字引领、助力全球的总体规划,彰显了以习近平同志为核心的党中央的思想智慧,为全球环境治理提供了中国智慧和中国方案,展现了我们党坚定不移地推动和实现中国式现代化的信心与决心。

人与自然和谐共生的现代化:逻辑叙事、时代方位、价值旨归

人与自然和谐共生是中国式现代化的本质要求和内在特征。人与自然和谐共生的现代化孕育于马克思主义生态思想和中华优秀传统生态智慧,是对已有现代化模式“反生态”实践的反思,更是对实现中华民族伟大复兴历史使命的有力响应。在特征鲜明的中国式现代化历史命题中,人口规模巨大是其现实前提,全体人民共同富裕是其使命指向,“两个文明”协调发展是其时代保障,走和平发展道路是其世界昭示。在中国式现代化建设新征程上,人类与自然的和解、发展方式绿色转型、人的自由全面发展是人与自然和谐共生的现代化的价值旨归。

运动式治理视域下中国河长制的创新类型--基于健全生态环境治理体系的多案例类型学分析

河流是人类文明的发源地,是区域经济发展的重要载体,而河流天然具有的流动属性必然涉及跨越区域和超越主体的治理方式。在社会转型的关键时期,河流污染所折射出的问题早已超越环境、经济和民生的范畴,但面对各流域发展不平衡、治理主体各自为政、监管标准参差不齐等问题,水治理却陷入“越治理,越污染”的怪圈。为此,党中央多次强调“推动绿色发展”的理念,倡导人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化发展路径,也提出了环境污染精准治理、统筹管理和协同控制的具体策略。而“河长制”作为水治理的新型行政模式,亦可作为生态环境治理体系以小窥大的重要窗口,完全契合党的二十届三中全会关于“健全生态环境治理体系”,“深化生态文明体制改革”总体部署的发展需要。为更好地探究河长制在实践中的发展,本文采用多案例的类型学分析方法,搜集中国各地“河长制”的创新实践,利用质性分析软件RQDA将定量与定性相结合,最终从战略层、决策层、执行层确立法律依据、组织结构和运行机制三大框架,并在此框架之下对各地案例进行分类描述,以期归纳总结运动式治理视域之下“河长制”在各地的创新类型及其展开逻辑。研究发现,法律在战略层面为“河长制”机构的设立及其权力运作提供依据,组织结构在决策层面对“河长制”的权限进行灵活调整,激励机制、考核机制、监督机制和追责机制则在执行层面将“河长制”的施政意图落到实处。可以说,河长制在水污染领域的有益探索,在为政府治理与改革总结宝贵经验的同时也提供了新的思路与方向,具有重要的带动作用和推广价值。

以人民为中心的发展思想视域下的绿色发展理念研究

绿色发展理念的要义是要解决好、实现好人与自然的和谐共生问题。以人民为中心的发展思想的内涵是生成性的,贯穿绿色发展理念的全过程。绿色发展理念不仅对维护、坚持以人民为中心的发展思想有光辉典范意义,对我国社会经济发展有重大指导意义,而且对国际生态文明建设有重要参考借鉴价值。

人与自然生命共同体理念的世界意义

资本主义私有制与生产社会化的矛盾内藏难以克服的生态危机。资产阶级无限度地追求剩余价值的历史本性不仅加剧生态破坏,而且驱使其治理观念滑向狭隘人类中心主义和生态帝国主义。人与自然生命共同体理念着眼于全球整体利益和人类未来发展大视野,重构人与自然的和解之道,其坚持人与自然和谐共生的生态自然观、绿色发展和以人为本的生态价值观、重点防治和系统治理的生态方法论、多边主义和共同但有区别的责任原则,为有效化解全球性生态难题提供中国智慧和中国方案。在新时代,各国携手共建人与自然生命共同体,对构建新型国际关系,重塑可持续发展的新价值观和构建公平合理、合作共赢的人类文明新形态具有重要意义。

人与自然和谐共生理念下乡村生态振兴的路径探索

中国式现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化。乡村生态振兴作为乡村振兴的重要组成部分,是实现人与自然和谐共生的关键。现阶段,我国乡村生态建设还存在诸多急需解决的问题,如村民和乡镇企业人员环保意识薄弱、粗放式农业生产占主流、农村基础设施不完善等。应从加强宣传教育、示范引领、增加投入等方面入手,增强人们的环保意识,转变农业生产方式,完善农村基础设施,建设宜居宜业乡村,全面推进乡村生态振兴。

人境合一:动态真实性模型的提出

为了探究自我真实性的本质,并揭示特质真实与状态真实间的联系,本文尝试将“天人合一”思想与动态人格理论相结合,提出一个全新的动态真实性模型。该模型将真实看作个体在人与境相协调的氛围中体验到的一种认知、情绪和动机间和谐融洽的状态,同时根据真实性与情境间的动态关系,将特质真实区分为最佳的真实、僵化的真实和扭曲的真实三种,并指出只有最佳的真实才有助于个体健康与幸福感的提升。该模型通过赋予真实性一种全新的体验性定义,并将特质真实和状态真实辩证整合,会促进未来的真实性研究朝着更加灵活、动态与平衡的方向发展与进步。

毛泽东生态治理观:守正创新与汲古鉴今

毛泽东生态治理观作为早期中国共产党领导生态文明建设实践的思想结晶,源自于对马克思主义生态理论的科学继承与丰富发展、根植于对中华优秀传统生态文化的赓续传承与创造转化、生发于对生态环境现实问题的理性关切与主动回应。其核心要义涵蕴人与自然辩证统一的本质核心论、以人民为中心的行为立场论,以及辩证唯物主义的思维方法论,为新时代实现人与自然和谐共生的现代化汇聚了实践经验,为构建中国特色生态文明理论体系奠定了思想基石,也为推动生态文明建设制度化发展提供了方法参鉴。

生态文明制度体系建设的人民性意蕴探析

生态文明制度体系建设是实现人与自然和谐共生现代化的重要保障。马克思人与自然关系思想和习近平生态文明思想为新时代生态文明制度体系建设的人民性意蕴提供了思想基础和基本遵循。生态文明制度体系建设在价值立场上要始终坚持人民至上,在实践路径中要充分尊重人民的主体性地位,以制度人民性意蕴的充分彰显推动制度体系发挥强大的治理效能,加快人与自然和谐共生的现代化建设进程。