Study on Communication Effect of Food Safety Risk in Social Media:the Influence of Response Effort Level on Consumption Willingness Change

By constructing influence model for communication effect of food safety risk in social media environment,the influences of different response manners taken by relevant enterprises on consumers' cognition and purchasing intention are analyzed,and influence mechanisms of response effort level,interaction and content reliability on consumers' attitudes are revealed. Based on quasi-experimental study with three kinds of response effort levels,it is found that content reliability,interaction and effort degree of enterprise response under negative information of food safety event have significant impacts on communication effect and consumers' purchasing intention.

Hysteresis of Dam Slope Safety Factor under Water Level Fluctuations Based on the LEM Coupled with FEM Method

Water level variations have caused numerous dam slope collapse disasters around the world,illustrating the large influence of water level fluctuations on dam slopes.The required indoor tests were conducted and a numerical model of an actual earth-filled dam was constructed to investigate the influences of the water level fluctuation rate and the hysteresis of the soil-water characteristic curve(SWCC)on the stability of the upstream dam slope.The results revealed that the free surface in the dam body for the desorption SWCC during water level fluctuations was higher than that for the adsorption SWCC,which would be more evident at higher water levels.The safety factor of the upstream dam slope initially decreased and then increased for the most dangerous water level as the water level rose and fell.The water level fluctuation rate mainly influenced the initial section of the safety factor variation curve,while the SWCC hysteresis mainly affected the minimum safety factor of the water level fluctuations.The desorption SWCC is suggested for engineering design.Furthermore,a quick prediction method is proposed to estimate the safety factor of upstream dam slopes with identical structures.

Safety Assessment of Closed-Loop Level Crossing Control Systems by Means of STAMP(Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes)

There have been a large number of accidents at level crossings of railways and this has been considered to be a significant issue to be solved for the realization of safe and stable railway transport.A conventional level crossing control system is characterized by the use of two types of electronic train detectors;one detects a train approaching to a level crossing section and the other then detects the train having left the level crossing.By contrast,closed-loop level crossing control systems in which level crossing control equipment and train-borne equipment communicate with each other have been advocated and are expected to serve as an effective solution to the abovementioned issue.This paper describes the following three types of closed-loop level crossing control systems:decentralized level crossing control system,fully-centralized comprehensive level crossing control system and fully-centralized individual level crossing control system.This paper then assesses the safety of these systems in comparison to the conventional level crossing control system.For the purpose of the assessment of their safety,a new accident analysis model called STAMP(systems theoretic accident model and processes)that is suitable for software intensive systems is used to clarify the advantage of the proposed three types of level crossing control systems in terms of safety.

Design of a personnel safety interlock system for proton therapy

Proton therapy is the most advanced radiotherapy approach in the world,and causes less damage to normal human tissue than traditional radiotherapy.Because the treatment process produces a high-energy proton beam,the personnel safety interlock system mainly considers measures to protect personnel from radiation hazards during beam preparation and the beam release process.Unlike other safety interlock systems,the personnel safety interlock system designed in this study focuses on the safety and stability of the system itself.The hardware and software of important interlock control loops are designed and developed according to the requirements of Safety Integrity Level 3 specified by IEC61508.A set of redundant ring networks was developed to ensure that damage to a certain network line does not affect the normal operation of the system.A set of friendly operation interfaces and data storage systems were developed to ensure that the operator can monitor the data in real time and trace the data.The personnel safety interlock system mainly includes a beam enabling function,clearance function,and emergency stop function.The system was put into actual use and successfully ensured personnel safety.

Reflections in the Field of Logistics Safety Stock Based

In the field of logistics and transport, safety stock has become an important part of establishing safety stock, which enables enterprises to predict demand which cannot be guaranteed;safety stock build is to improve service levels, and improves consumer the satisfaction, thereby enhancing the credibility of enterprises for corporate profits. However, the establishment of safety stock is bound to make the cost of business increase, after studies show that the safety stock in the logistics field cannot continue to increase down needs and logistics, logistics and speed limit orders supply chain into account, only in this way, the field of logistics safety stock is the most effective method of logistics.

Dynamic probability evaluation of safety levels of earth-rockfill dams using Bayesian approach

In order to accurately predict and control the aging process of dams, new information should be collected continuously to renew the quantitative evaluation of dam safety levels. Owing to the complex structural characteristics of dams, it is quite difficult to predict the time-varying factors affecting their safety levels. It is not feasible to employ dynamic reliability indices to evaluate the actual safety levels of dams. Based on the relevant regulations for dam safety classification in China, a dynamic probability description of dam safety levels was developed. Using the Bayesian approach and effective information mining, as well as real-time information, this study achieved more rational evaluation and prediction of dam safety levels. With the Bayesian expression of discrete stochastic variables, the a priori probabilities of the dam safety levels determined by experts were combined wfth the likelihood probability of the real-time check information, and the probability information for the evaluation of dam safety levels was renewed. The probability index was then applied to dam rehabilitation decision-making. This method helps reduce the difficulty and uncertainty of the evaluation of dam safety levels and complies with the current safe decision-making regulations for dams in China. It also enhances the application of current risk analysis methods for dam safety levels.

Nutritional and Safety Evaluation of Local Weight-Gain Formulas in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) Markets

This study was conducted to examine the nutritional content, contamination levels, and biological effects of 3 local prepared formulas. Formula (1) contained mixed nuts;formula (2) contained moghat, honey and royal jelly, while formula (3) contained honey, fenugreek and royal jelly. Groups of albino rats (90 rats) were randomly allocated to diets of control group or 1 - 3 treatment groups. The tested diets contained 15% carbohydrate. The weight and food intake were recorded. Blood tests were conducted to determine total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, urea, creatinine, white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin (HB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and haematocrit (HCT). Results showed that bacterial contamination was found in formula (1) and formula (3). Fungal contamination was detected in formula (2) and formula (3). Body weight increased significantly in the rats fed treatment formulas compared to the control group. The blood tests indicated significant increases in the levels of glucose, WBC, HCT, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides as well as a significant decrease in HDL level in the group (2) was fed formula (1) the control. In conclusion, these findings indicate that these local formulas may not be safe, and further studies are required to understand the consequences of a long-term consumption of these formulas.

Tactics for Fiction Translation on Syntactical Level under Catford's Shifts Theory

In modern fiction translation, translators occasionally encounter multitudinous problems, which need to be solved by various translation tactics. The paper hereof aims to adopt John Catford's shifts theory to analyze the tactics used to solve the problems in fiction translation on syntactical level via translating Best Kept Secret.

Performance of beacon safety message dissemination in Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs)

Currently, there is a growing belief that putting an IEEE 802.11-like radio into road vehicles can help the drivers to travel more safely. Message dissemination protocols are primordial for safety vehicular applications. There are two types of safety messages which may be exchanged between vehicles: alarm and beacon. In this paper we investigate the feasibility of deploying safety applications based on beacon message dissemination through extensive simulation study and pay special attention to the safety requirements. Vehicles are supposed to issue these messages periodically to announce to other vehicles their current situation and use received messages for preventing possible unsafe situations. We evaluate the performance of a single-hop dissemination protocol while taking into account the quality of service (QoS) metrics like delivery rate and delay. We realize that reliability is the main concern in beacon message dissemination. Thus, a new metric named effective range is defined which gives us more accurate facility for evaluating QoS in safety applications specifically. Then, in order to improve the performance, the effects of three parameters including vehicle's transmission range, message transmission's interval time and message payload size are studied. Due to special characteristics of the safety applications, we model the relationship between communication-level QoS and application-level QoS and evaluate them for different classes of safety applications. As a conclusion, the current technology of IEEE 802.11 MAC layer has still some challenges for automatic safety applications but it can provide acceptable QoS to driver assistance safety applications.

Two-echelon inventory model with service level constraint and controllable lead time sensitive to order quantity

The decision-making and optimization of two-echelon inventory coordination were analyzed with service level constraint and controllable lead time sensitive to order quantity.First,the basic model of this problem was established and based on relevant analysis,the original model could be transformed by minimax method.Then,the optimal order quantity and production quantity influenced by service level constraint were analyzed and the boundary of optimal order quantity and production quantity was given.According to this boundary,the effective method and tactics were put forward to solve the transformed model.In case analysis,the optimal expected total cost of two-echelon inventory can be obtained and it was analyzed how service level constraint and safety factor influence the optimal expected total cost of two-echelon inventory.The results show that the optimal expected total cost of two-echelon inventory is constrained by the higher constraint between service level constraint and safety factor.

改进的Kth-best方法解无上层约束的线性双层规划问题

针对无上层约束的线性双层规划问题提出一种改进的K最好方法(Kth-best方法).理论和算例证明该方法在不需要原Kth-best方法的前提条件下可以有效地解决线性双层规划问题.

Parameter uncertainty modeling of safety instrumented systems

In this study,a novel safety integrity level(SIL)determination methodology of safety instrumented systems(SISs)with parameter uncertainty is proposed by combining multistage dynamic Bayesian networks(DBNs)and Monte Carlo simulation.A multistage DBN model for SIL determination with multiple redundant cells is established.The models of function inspection test interval and function inspection test stages are alternately connected to form the multistage DBNs.The redundant cells can have different M out of N voting system architectures.An automatic modeling of conditional probability between nodes is developed.The SIL determination of SISs with parameter uncertainty is constructed by using the multistage DBNs and Monte Carlo simulation.A high-pressure SIS in the export of oil wellplatform is adopted to demonstrate the application of the proposed approach.The SIL and availability of the SIS and its subsystems are obtained.The influence of single subsystem on the SIL and availability of the SIS is studied.The influence of single redundant element on the SIL and availability of the subsystem is analyzed.A user-friendly SIL determination software with parameter uncertainty is developed on MATLAB graphical user interface.

Diagnostic Reference Levels of Adults CT-Scan Imaging in Cameroon: A Pilot Study of Four Commonest CT-Protocols in Five Radiology Departments

CT-scan is the most irradiating tool in diagnostic radiology. For 5% - 10% of diagnostic X-ray procedures, it is responsible for 34% of irradiation according to UNSCEAR. Patients radiation protection must therefore be increased during CT-scan procedures. This requires the rigorous application of optimization principle which imposes to have “diagnostic reference levels”. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) of the four most frequent CT-scans examinations of adults in Cameroon. Material and Method: It was a cross-sectional pilot study carried out from April to September 2015 in five health facilities using CT-scan in Cameroon. The studied variables were: patients age and sex, type of CT-scan examination (cerebral, chest, abdomino-pelvic, lumbar spine), Used of IV contrast (IV﹣/ IV+), acquisition length, time of tube rotation, voltage (kV), mAs, pitch, thickness of slices, CTDIvol and DLP. For each type of examination, at least 30 patients were included per center, consecutively on the randomly predetermined days. The DRL for each type of examination was defined as the 75th percentile of its PDL and CTDIvol. Results: Of the 696 examinations, 41.2% were cerebral, 26.9% abdomino-pelvic, 17.7% lumbar spine and 14.2% chest. The mean age of patients was 52 ± 15 years [20 - 90 years], 58.9% were 50 years and older. The sex-ratio was 1.26 (55.9% males). The CT machines were 4, 8 and 16 multidetectors. The 75th percentile of DLP or DRLs [standard deviation] was: [1150 ± 278 mGy·cm], [770 ± 477 mGy·cm], [720 ± 170 mGy·cm] and [715 ± 187 mGy·cm] respectively for cerebral, lumbar spine, abdominopelvic and chest CT-scans. Taking in consideration the number of detectors, the 75th percentile of the Dose-Length product decreased with the increase number of detectors for cerebral examinations but was the highest with 16 MDCT for the abdominopelvic, lumbar spine and chest CT-scans. For the chest and lumbar spine examinations, there was a significant increase in patient-dose with the increase in the number of detectors. Conclusion: Our DRLs values lie between the norms of some European countries and those of some African countries. There is remarquable variation in dose for the commonest CT-scans examinations in Cameroon, requiring then an optimization process from these determined DRLs and establishment of national DRLs. Special attention to optimization should be paid when using 16 MDCT.

Study on mechanical characteristics and safety evaluation method of steel frame structure after fire

Mechanical characterization of steel frame structure after fire are ana- lyzed based on fire dynamics, heat transfer theory, structural mechanics, and finite element theory. We study the temperature characteristics and mechanical prop- erties of steel flame structure under different fire locations and propose a safety evaluation method. We also analyze damage level of main flame components, maximum temperature of fire, thermal characteristics of flame components, fir- ing duration, etc. to provide useful information for fire resistance design of the steel frame structure and post-disaster safety evaluation.

Prediction of Groundwater Level Fluctuation towards Rainfall Induced Landslide: Case of Blue Nile Gorge, Central Ethiopia

The groundwater level fluctuation was studied in a complex geological setting region where a frequent landslide is observed in a rainy season. Steady and transient states of flow are modeled with different hydrogeological parameters. The models are calibrated to satisfy the observed field conditions and expected results from the scientific point of view. The results reveal that the groundwater level fluctuation and flow direction in the region are complex. In limited areas, the fluctuation of groundwater is significant from season to season while in others the level remains stable in all seasons of the year. Following that, the result of groundwater flow model was exported to GeoStudio to simulate the slope stability of selected slope. The factor of safety was calculated using Slope/W. The effect of pore-water on the factor of safety was cross-checked by remodeling the slope without water. The results and sensitivity analysis of slope stability confirm that the rise of groundwater level decreases the factor of safety significantly only on critical slope section.

Research on coal mine safety production management decision system based on VB

Based on safety management appraisal theory, the decision system was divided into 5 function menu module, including system control module, mining coal and the tunneling working surface security evaluation module, the entire ore safety production condition appraisal module, the safety management level appraisal module of main production work area, the withdrawal system module and so on. The system operates through the constitutive procedure, outputs the main operation results by graph and form, and realizes the main function of safety evaluation.

Evaluating the Feasibility of Road Diets for Advancing Urban Mobility in Newark, DE

Road Diets are far from a new technique for designers to apply to roadways. Yet after over 50 years of implementation and countless studies into their effectiveness, it is only relatively recently that the process is gaining widespread recognition and implementation. Each year, more states and countries are examining potential road diets and putting them into place. Still, there remains great skepticism and opposition in many corners. In addition, cities and states may be drawing from many of the same sources in how to go about the process of a road diet and evaluate them, yet their methodology, goals, and even terminology can vary from region to region. This study analyzes the implementation of a road diet along a one-way arterial road, in Newark, Delaware. The primary aim of this analysis is to evaluate the feasibility of introducing a dedicated bicycle infrastructure to enhance local accessibility and to quantify its potential impacts on traffic flow, parking availability, and loading logistics within the vicinity. While the reduction of one lane could be perceived as a constraint on traffic management, the investigation revealed that E Main Street, the roadway analyzed, for the most part, can adequately accommodate its traffic load with a single lane. Detailed findings underscore the notable enhancement in level of service and subsequent reduction in delay times across most surveyed approaches.

城市无人机航线飞行间隔与调控频率综合研究

聚焦城市无人机航线飞行,为确保运行安全,需要为无人机配备合适的飞行间隔。面向同航线纵向飞行场景,研究了考虑冲突频率与碰撞概率且符合ICAO间隔制定原则的间隔调控模型。通过研究仅考虑无人机定位误差下的碰撞风险,得到无人机纵向飞行间隔,作为后续间隔计算的基准;通过综合考虑定位误差和速度误差引发的位置不确定性,计算伴随无人机航线飞行进程的碰撞风险。加大纵向间隔会延迟突破安全目标水平的时机,但随着飞行进程的推进,碰撞风险终将突破安全目标水平。基于此,提出了无人机位置调控机制,对2架无人机位置进行定期调控,以消除速度所产生的累积误差。针对某1个指定的安全目标水平,得到了纵向间隔与位置调控频率的关系曲线,发现二者存在博弈关系,实施高频调控,需要采取更小的航线间隔;反之,则需要加大航线间隔。同时,为兼顾城市空间与位置调控能力的双重约束,提出了选取曲率最大值位置的所需飞行间隔与调控频率作为折中方案,发现安全目标水平要求越严格,所需调控频率和飞行间隔越大。实验得到在满足安全目标水平为5×10^(-9)次/飞行小时情况下,所需调控频率为87次/h,所需纵向飞行间隔为90 m;同时在实际运行环境中,应用上述评估模型与方法可以客观选择所需间隔和调控频率。本文研究可以兼顾城市物流无人机空中运行的安全,提高城市空域利用率和派送效率。

基于改进Event模型的多旋翼型eVTOL垂直间隔安全评估方法

电动垂直起降飞行器(eVTOL)是1种新兴的交通工具,也是近年来研究的热点。受限于垂直定位精度低、穿越飞行风险隐患多等问题,eVTOL运行间隔标准难以确定,尚不具备实际应用条件。为探索该飞行器垂直间隔标准,针对多旋翼型eVTOL的底部较宽、顶部逐渐变细的外形特性,改进了经典Event垂直碰撞模型,并提出了基于改进Event模型的多旋翼型eVTOL垂直间隔安全评估方法。该模型考虑了多旋翼型eVTOL的外形特征、导航精度、运行特点、定位误差、飞行速度特性及速度误差等因素,引入相对速度、侧向重叠概率、垂直重叠概率等计算模型参数,并将原长方体碰撞盒修正为圆台体碰撞盒,有效降低了计算冗余,提高了碰撞模型的精确性。以亿航216-S型多旋翼型eVTOL为例,计算了其在不同安全目标水平和不同导航精度下的最小垂直间隔,计算结果表明:①安全目标水平与导航精度的降低,都会导致最小垂直间隔的减少;②当安全目标水平为1×10^(-6)次/飞行小时且导航精度为RNP10时,最小垂直间隔可缩小至11 m;③当导航精度为RNP10且垂直间隔为11 m时,基于改进Event模型计算的碰撞风险比原模型降低了24.78%。研究结果表明,在计算多旋翼型eVTOL的碰撞风险中,引入圆台体碰撞盒的垂直间隔安全评估方法更加精确合理,能够为多旋翼型eVTOL垂直间隔标准制定提供理论支持。