A Comparative Study on the Bathing Cultures and the Spread of Plague Between China and the West-Taking the Spread of the Black Death in China and Europe in the 14th Century as an Example

An unprecedented catastrophe shrouded over the Chinese Empire ruled by the Yuan Dynasty and Medieval Europe-the Black Death during the 14th century with rapid spread,widespread impact,serious damage to property,and substantial deaths and injuries.In the aftermath of the Black Death,lifestyle changes were made and more sensible bathing habits evolved.In feudal China,Bathing Culture had variously adapted to each dynasty;while its existence in the West was heavily influenced by religion and other factors.In the post-pandemic era,this paper is dedicated to exploring the possible relevance of Bathing Cultures to the Black Death,and to conducting a comparative study of the plague spread in Yuan and Europe and its impact on ethnic Bathing Cultures,reckoning to present informative information to regular prevention and control of the following pandemics.

THE ENTROPIES OF THE COLLAPSING STAR AND OF THE BLACK HOLE

We put forth three modes of black hole formation, i.e. (1) A black hole kern forms initially inside the collapsing star. (2) The different mass shells of the collapsing star fulfils the Schwarzschild condition simultaneously. (3) Only the outmost mass shell of the collapsing star fulfils the Schwarzschild condition. We then calculate the entropy of the collapsing star for modes (1) and (3) and find that they are only 10-19 times the entropy of black hole. Modes (1) may be occure during the supernova explosions or galaxy explosions. Mode (3) may be occur in the formation of galactic black hole.

A Study of the Uncanny in The Black Cat

Edgar Allan Poe was an American poet, short fiction writer and critic. He was also a master of the horror tale, and the pa-tron saint of the detective story. Based on the perspective of Freud's"uncanny"theory,this paper analyzes the creation of the effectof terror and explores the theme of The Black Cat.

On the Irrational Narration in The Black Cat

Edgar Allan Poe is one of the representative writers in American Dark Romanticism.Different from his contemporaries,the majority of Poe's short stories are characterized by irrational narration.Whether from narration technique or elements,The Black Cat is the best elucidation of such narration.Thus,this thesis is devoted to a condensed study of irrational narration in The Black Cat,holding views that Poe's contribution in promoting the development of American literature and continuing the American dream is profound and significant.

Population genomic analysis reveals distinct demographics and recent adaptation in the black flying fox(Pteropus alecto)

As the only mammalian group capable of powered flight,bats have many unique biological traits.Previous comparative genomic studies in bats have focused on long-term evolution.However,the microevolutionary processes driving recent evolution are largely under-explored.Using resequencing data from 50 black flying foxes(Pteropus alecto),one of the model species for bats,we find that black flying fox has much higher genetic diversity and lower levels of linkage disequilibrium than most of the mammalian species.Demographic inference reveals strong population fluctuations(>100 fold)coinciding with multiple historical events including the last glacial change and Toba super eruption,suggesting that the black flying fox is a very resilient species with strong recovery abilities.While long-term adaptation in the black flying fox is enriched in metabolic genes,recent adaptation in the black flying fox has a unique landscape where recently selected genes are not strongly enriched in any functional category.The demographic history and mode of adaptation suggest that black flying fox might be a well-adapted species with strong evolutionary resilience.Taken together,this study unravels a vibrant landscape of recent evolution for the black flying fox and sheds light on several unique evolutionary processes for bats comparing to other mammalian groups.

A study on sound production acoustics in the black cicada(C.atrata Fabricius)

The long rib of the sounding membrane in the black cicada is an analog to the beam clamped at one end. The fundamental frequency of activation sound is between 3900-5500 Hz and is basically consistent with the possible range of the main peak frequency ( MPF) of song in the black cicada. The operculum (Op), tymbal cover (TC) and joint membrane (JM)are respectively analogous to a unifor square plate clamped at one edge and free at the others, to another plate at two opposite sides and free at the other, and to a rectangular membrane clamped at four sides. The fundamental frequencies of activated vibration are basically consistent with theMPFs and main high frequency components of vibrations of the Op, TC and JM, respectively.The resonant cavity and spiracles on both sides are analogous to a current resonace circuit and to a resistance connected in parallel at the output ends, and the resonant frequency and quality factor of the circuit are in good agreement with the MPF and its tuning sharpness of son the black cicada.

World Champion from the Black Soil

TWENTY years ago, while working in the rich black soil of the northeast, I came to know a Mr. Li. He was the blacksmith with the production team I worked on, the Heilongjiang Production & Construction Corps.His daughter, Li Yemei, is now a student at Beijing University. She had been admitted to China’s most famous university because of her outstanding achievements in sports. A marathon runner, she had won 13 championships in national and international competitions. In China, any athlete who has broken a world record or performed outstandingly in any of the three most important international events—the Olympic Games, the World Championships, or the World Cup—is given access to a university education without taking the usual entrance examination. Yemei had dreamed of attending Beijing University since she was a little girl, and that’s the university she chose to attend when she retired from professional competitions.

The Black Professor

Prof.Packer是美国Carleton College的一位教授,他所任教的课程是International Politics and Global Economic Relations。如果在该大学评选杰出教授,他也许够榜上题名的资格。 因为,他如此博学:Ask him anything and you will never be disappointed. 因为,他的教学方法如此独到:…he is so good at steering the discussionthat everyone in the class is fully activated. 此君的另一个特点是“其貌不扬”:He is quiet.and even a bit shy—I neversaw him attract much attention outside classroom.可是,一旦站上讲台,他即刻判若两人,容光焕发,滔滔不绝,是那样的erudite(博学的).eloquent(雄辩的).witty(诙谐的).smart(潇洒的)！ 更重要的是:Everyone in class was trying totalk smartly like him.I have never talked so much in the classroom before.然而,他是一位黑人。 这个事实竟然让毛小姐有几分惊诧。她甚至想: But then I got a strange feeling that this Prof.Packer on the podium isplaying the Prof.Packer in my mind. 因为:I have taken it for granted that Mr.Packer is a Caucasian. 接着,毛小姐扪心自问:Why did I rule out(排除在外)the possibility of MrPacker being

Hawking radiation as tunnelling from arbitrarily dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom de Sitter black hole

This paper extends Parikh-Wilzcek＇s recent work, which treats the Hawking radiation as a semi-classical tunnelling process from the event horizon of four dimensional Schwarzshild and Reissner-Nordstrom black holes, to that of arbitrarily dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom de Sitter black hole. The result shows that the tunnelling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the factually radiant spectrum is no longer precisely thermal after taking the dynamical black hole background and energy conservation into account, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory and then satisfies the first law of the black hole thermodynamics. Meanwhile, in Parikh-Wilzcek＇s framework, this paper points out that the information conservation is only suitable for the reversible process but in highly unstable evaporating black hole （irreversible process） the information loss is possible.

Radiochemoecological Monitoring of the Salt Lakes of the Crimea

1 Introduction The salt lakes of the Crimea contain the practically inexhaustible sources of salts of sodium,magnesium,bromine and other chemical elements(Ponizovskii,1965),being the potential powerful raw materials base for the

Primary Production and the Hydrochemical Parameters of the Salt Lakes in the North-Western Part of the Crimea(Russia)

1 Introduction It is known that more than 300 lakes and lagoons are present in the Crimean Peninsula,which are divided depending on position to 7 groups:Perekop,Tarkhankut,Evpatoriyskaya,Khersonesskaya,lake on the mountainpastures,Kerch and Genicheskaya.Almost the all lakes,with the exception of the small freshwater lakes,which situated on mountain pastures of the Main ridge of

Discovery of Precambrian thick black mudstones and its implication for hydrocarbon exploration in the southwest Tarim Basin

Due to deep burial of Precambrian in Tarim Basin,no breakthrough in the hydrocarbon exploration has been achieved from these strata,and development of high-quality source rocks is also uncertain.More than 30 exploratory wells have been drilled in the southwest Tarim Basin and the pediment region of Kunlun Mountains with a total area of more than 100
103 km2.Though some marine oil/gas fields such as Hetianhe,Bashituopu,Yubei and Luosi 2 have been discovered,the Cambrian or Ordovician source rocks have not been drilled,and hydrocarbon source still remain controversial.Recently,a set of thick black shales and mudstones has been found in the southwest Tarim Basin.The total thickness of mudstones is more than 140 m,and the total organic carbon mainly ranges from 0.6%to 1.9%with an average of 1.0%.Tmax is from 490C to 520C,equivalent to Ro from 1.99%to 2.99%.Pyrites are very rich in mudstone.According to stratigraphic contact relationship and isotopic chronology,this mudstone may have the age of more than 517 Ma,and is tentatively named as the“Western Kunlun black rock series”.Through the plate tectonic analysis,this set of thick black mudstones is possibly distributed widely in the southwest Tarim Basin,and its formation may be controlled by the aulacogen.This set of black mudstones may be an important source rocks in the southwest Tarim Basin,which suggest that the Precambrian-Cambrian strata in Tarim Basin has geological conditions for hydrocarbon accumulations.This discovery of the black thick mudstones in the southwest Tarim Basin will promote hydrocarbon exploration in the deep and ultra-deep strata of the Tarim Basin.