Under certain conditions,goat hair can be softened bychemicals.After the process,the structure of the macro-molecules in the surfacial area has been changed,and thehair has become soft,crimped and elastic.Thus,hairtha...Under certain conditions,goat hair can be softened bychemicals.After the process,the structure of the macro-molecules in the surfacial area has been changed,and thehair has become soft,crimped and elastic.Thus,hairthat can not be spun before the process can acquire agood spinnability.Woolen woven by processed hairs hasan unique style,of mohair blended fabrics.This articlemainly discusses the technology of the chemical softeningprocess of goat hair.展开更多
Biomass-derived carbon materials have aroused widespread concern as host material of sulfur to enhance electrochemical performances for lithium–sulfur batteries. Herein, goat hair, as a low-cost and eco-friendly prec...Biomass-derived carbon materials have aroused widespread concern as host material of sulfur to enhance electrochemical performances for lithium–sulfur batteries. Herein, goat hair, as a low-cost and eco-friendly precursor, is employed to fabricate cauliflower-like in-situ nitrogen, oxygen and phosphorus tri-doped porous biomass carbon(NOPC) by a facile activation with H_3PO_4 and carbonization process.The morphology and microstructure of NOPC can be readily tuned by altering pyrolysis temperature. The as-prepared NOPC matrix material carbonized at 600 °C possesses 3D hierarchical porous structure, high specific surface area(535.352 m^2 g^(-1)), and appropriate pore size and pore size distribution. Encapsulating sulfur into the NOPC depends on a stem-melting technology as cathode materials of Li–S batteries. Due to the synergistic effect of special physical structure and inherent tri-doping of N, O and P, electrons and ions transfer and utilization of active sulfur in the materials are improved, and the shuttle behaviors of soluble lithium polysulfides are also mitigated. Consequently, the S/NOPC-600 composite exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, giving a high initial discharge capacity of 1185 mA h g^(-1) at 0.05 C and maintaining a relatively considerable capacity of 489 m A h g^(-1) at 0.2 C after 300 cycles. Our work shows that a promising candidate for cathode material of Li–S batteries can be synthesized using low-cost and renewable biomass materials by a facile process.展开更多
Seasonal hair follicle activity and fibre growth in some Cashmere-bearing goats (Caprus hircus) is a cyclic process that is well characterized morphologically but understood incompletely at the molecular level. As a...Seasonal hair follicle activity and fibre growth in some Cashmere-bearing goats (Caprus hircus) is a cyclic process that is well characterized morphologically but understood incompletely at the molecular level. As an initial step in discovering regulators in hair-follicle activity and cycling, we used qPCR to investigate 19 genes expression in Cashmere goat side skin from 12 mon. Many of these genes may be associated with the hair follicle development-relevant genes (HFDRGs) in the literature. Here we show that Hoxc13/β-catenin gene associated with the follicle activity. In addition, Hoxc13 was found to be expressed with an drastic increase between July and November for melatonin treatments. To further investigate the role of Hoxcl3 on HFDRGs, fibroblasts and keratinocytes from Cashmere goat skin were transfected with p-ECFP- Hoxc13. The result suggested that overexpression ofHoxcl3 gene decreased HFDRGs with negative role for hair follicle development and increase HFDRGs with positive role for hair follicle development in vitro. These findings provide data on the Hoxc13 expression profile of normal Cashmere goat skin and Cashmere goat skin with melatonin treatment, and demonstrate hair-follicle-activity dependent regulation of Hoxc13 expression.展开更多
Hoxc13 has an important role in controlling hair formation. In this study, we examine the Hoxc13 RNA expression pattern of skin during embryo development. The result indicated that changes of the Hoxe13 gene expressio...Hoxc13 has an important role in controlling hair formation. In this study, we examine the Hoxc13 RNA expression pattern of skin during embryo development. The result indicated that changes of the Hoxe13 gene expression and thickness of skin have a similar trend during hair follicle morphogenesis. In interpreting these results, we investigated whether the regulation motifs is in Hoxc13 intron, which is a 5.4 kb fragment. To blast with other mammals, we found a very conservative region in all mammal animals and two regions in livestock, such as cow, sheep, horse, dog, and so on, which are not in other Hox genes. We have examined putative pre-miRNA in this region, providing an entry point for elucidating currently unknown mechanisms that are required for regulating quantitative levels of Hoxc13 gene expression.展开更多
COL1A1为I型α1胶原蛋白(Collagen type I alpha 1),在动物体内广泛存在。为了解其在绒山羊次级毛囊生长周期中的表达模式,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术、免疫组化技术、蛋白质印迹技术,从基因和蛋白水平分别对次级毛囊生长3个不同时期的COL...COL1A1为I型α1胶原蛋白(Collagen type I alpha 1),在动物体内广泛存在。为了解其在绒山羊次级毛囊生长周期中的表达模式,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术、免疫组化技术、蛋白质印迹技术,从基因和蛋白水平分别对次级毛囊生长3个不同时期的COL1A1基因表达量及表达差异、表达部位进行了检测。结果表明,COL1A1基因在绒山羊次级毛囊的生长期(9月)表达量最高,退行期(12月)表达量其次,休止期(2月)表达量相对最低。COL1A1主要表达于次级毛囊的外根鞘。由此说明,COL1A1通过调控绒山羊次级毛囊生长从而促进绒毛的生长。展开更多
In the present study, cashmere goat fetal fibroblasts were transfected with pCDsR-KI, a hair-follicle-cell specific expression vector for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) that contains two markers for selection (re...In the present study, cashmere goat fetal fibroblasts were transfected with pCDsR-KI, a hair-follicle-cell specific expression vector for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) that contains two markers for selection (red fluorescent protein gene and neomycin resistant gene). The transgenic fibroblasts cell lines were obtained after G418 selection. Prior to the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the maturation rate of caprine cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) was optimized to an in vitro maturation time of 18 h. Parthenogenetic ooctyes were used as a model to investigate the effect of two activation methods, one with calcium ionophore IA23187 plus 6-DMAP and the other with ethanol plus 6-DMAP. The cleavage rates after 48 h were respectively 88.7% and 86.4%, with no significant difference (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the cleavage rate and the blastocyst rate in two different media (SO- Faa and CR1aa; 86.3% vs 83.9%, P>0.05 and 23.1% vs 17.2%,P>0.05). The fusion rate of a 190 V/mm group (62.4%) was significantly higher than 130 V/mm (32.8%) and 200 V/mm (42.9%), groups (P<0.05). After transgenic somatic cell nuclear transfer (TSCNT) manipulation, 203 reconstructed embryos were obtained in which the cleavage rate after in vitro development (IVD) for 48 h was 79.3% (161/203). The blastocyst rate after IVD for 7 to 9 d was 15.3% (31/203). There were 17 embryos out of 31 strongly ex- pressing red fluorescence. Two of the red fluorescent blastocysts were randomly selected to identify transgene by polymerase chain reaction. Both were positive. These results showed that: (i) RFP and Neor genes were correctly expressed indicating that transgenic somatic cell lines and positive trans- genic embryos were obtained; (ii) one more selection at the blastocyst stage was necessary although the donor cells were transgenic positive, because only partially transgenic embryos expressing red fluorescence were obtained; and (iii) through TSCNT manipulation and optimization, transgenic cash- mere goat embryos expressing red fluorescence and containing an IGF1 expression cassette were obtained, which was sufficient for production of transgenic cashmere goats.展开更多
Cashmere,also known as soft gold,is produced from the secondary hair follicles(SHFs)of cashmere goats.The number of SHFs determines the yield and quality of cashmere;therefore,it is of interest to investigate the tran...Cashmere,also known as soft gold,is produced from the secondary hair follicles(SHFs)of cashmere goats.The number of SHFs determines the yield and quality of cashmere;therefore,it is of interest to investigate the transcriptional profiles present during cashmere goat hair follicle development.However,mechanisms underlying this development process remain largely unexplored,and studies regarding hair follicle development mostly use a murine research model.In this study,to provide a comprehensive understanding of cellular heterogeneity and cell fate decisions,single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 19,705 single cells of the dorsal skin from cashmere goat fetuses at induction(embryonic day 60;E60),organogenesis(E90),and cytodifferentiation(E120)stages.For the first time,unsupervised clustering analysis identified 16 cell clusters,and their corresponding cell types were also characterized.Based on lineage inference,a detailed molecular landscape was revealed along the dermal and epidermal cell lineage developmental pathways.Notably,our current data also confirmed the heterogeneity of dermal papillae from different hair follicle types,which was further validated by immunofluorescence analysis.The current study identifies different biomarkers during cashmere goat hair follicle development and has implications for cashmere goat breeding in the future.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study is to lay a foundation for illustrating the biological characteristics and growth regulation mechanism of hair follicles.[Method]Cashmere goat primary hair follicles were separated un...[Objective] The aim of this study is to lay a foundation for illustrating the biological characteristics and growth regulation mechanism of hair follicles.[Method]Cashmere goat primary hair follicles were separated under aseptic condition and cultured in serum-free DMEM and serum-free Williams E media respectively;subsequently,the growth rate and morphological changes were observed under the inverted microscope.[Result]Hair follicles cultured in serum-free DMEM media showed a growth rate of 0.034 mm/d during the first 3 days,whose structure and morphological characteristics could maintian a stable status for a long time in the growth process.Hair follicles grew much faster in the serum-free Williams E media with a growth rate of 0.077 mm/d during the first 3 days.[Conclusion]There were significant differences(P<0.05)between the growth of cashmere goat hair follicles cultured in the 2 kinds of media.Serum-free Williams E medium was superior to serum-free DMEM medium.展开更多
文摘Under certain conditions,goat hair can be softened bychemicals.After the process,the structure of the macro-molecules in the surfacial area has been changed,and thehair has become soft,crimped and elastic.Thus,hairthat can not be spun before the process can acquire agood spinnability.Woolen woven by processed hairs hasan unique style,of mohair blended fabrics.This articlemainly discusses the technology of the chemical softeningprocess of goat hair.
基金supported by the projects of Sichuan Normal University(DJ GX2017017 and DJ GX2017018)
文摘Biomass-derived carbon materials have aroused widespread concern as host material of sulfur to enhance electrochemical performances for lithium–sulfur batteries. Herein, goat hair, as a low-cost and eco-friendly precursor, is employed to fabricate cauliflower-like in-situ nitrogen, oxygen and phosphorus tri-doped porous biomass carbon(NOPC) by a facile activation with H_3PO_4 and carbonization process.The morphology and microstructure of NOPC can be readily tuned by altering pyrolysis temperature. The as-prepared NOPC matrix material carbonized at 600 °C possesses 3D hierarchical porous structure, high specific surface area(535.352 m^2 g^(-1)), and appropriate pore size and pore size distribution. Encapsulating sulfur into the NOPC depends on a stem-melting technology as cathode materials of Li–S batteries. Due to the synergistic effect of special physical structure and inherent tri-doping of N, O and P, electrons and ions transfer and utilization of active sulfur in the materials are improved, and the shuttle behaviors of soluble lithium polysulfides are also mitigated. Consequently, the S/NOPC-600 composite exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, giving a high initial discharge capacity of 1185 mA h g^(-1) at 0.05 C and maintaining a relatively considerable capacity of 489 m A h g^(-1) at 0.2 C after 300 cycles. Our work shows that a promising candidate for cathode material of Li–S batteries can be synthesized using low-cost and renewable biomass materials by a facile process.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30960246)the Key Project of National Science and Technology Pillar Program of China (2011BAD28B05)+3 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2007AA10Z151)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20091515120010)the Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation, China (20080404ZD04)the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-40)
文摘Seasonal hair follicle activity and fibre growth in some Cashmere-bearing goats (Caprus hircus) is a cyclic process that is well characterized morphologically but understood incompletely at the molecular level. As an initial step in discovering regulators in hair-follicle activity and cycling, we used qPCR to investigate 19 genes expression in Cashmere goat side skin from 12 mon. Many of these genes may be associated with the hair follicle development-relevant genes (HFDRGs) in the literature. Here we show that Hoxc13/β-catenin gene associated with the follicle activity. In addition, Hoxc13 was found to be expressed with an drastic increase between July and November for melatonin treatments. To further investigate the role of Hoxcl3 on HFDRGs, fibroblasts and keratinocytes from Cashmere goat skin were transfected with p-ECFP- Hoxc13. The result suggested that overexpression ofHoxcl3 gene decreased HFDRGs with negative role for hair follicle development and increase HFDRGs with positive role for hair follicle development in vitro. These findings provide data on the Hoxc13 expression profile of normal Cashmere goat skin and Cashmere goat skin with melatonin treatment, and demonstrate hair-follicle-activity dependent regulation of Hoxc13 expression.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2007AA10Z151,2007BAD56B03,and 30660122)the Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation,China (2007NM2010)
文摘Hoxc13 has an important role in controlling hair formation. In this study, we examine the Hoxc13 RNA expression pattern of skin during embryo development. The result indicated that changes of the Hoxe13 gene expression and thickness of skin have a similar trend during hair follicle morphogenesis. In interpreting these results, we investigated whether the regulation motifs is in Hoxc13 intron, which is a 5.4 kb fragment. To blast with other mammals, we found a very conservative region in all mammal animals and two regions in livestock, such as cow, sheep, horse, dog, and so on, which are not in other Hox genes. We have examined putative pre-miRNA in this region, providing an entry point for elucidating currently unknown mechanisms that are required for regulating quantitative levels of Hoxc13 gene expression.
文摘COL1A1为I型α1胶原蛋白(Collagen type I alpha 1),在动物体内广泛存在。为了解其在绒山羊次级毛囊生长周期中的表达模式,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术、免疫组化技术、蛋白质印迹技术,从基因和蛋白水平分别对次级毛囊生长3个不同时期的COL1A1基因表达量及表达差异、表达部位进行了检测。结果表明,COL1A1基因在绒山羊次级毛囊的生长期(9月)表达量最高,退行期(12月)表达量其次,休止期(2月)表达量相对最低。COL1A1主要表达于次级毛囊的外根鞘。由此说明,COL1A1通过调控绒山羊次级毛囊生长从而促进绒毛的生长。
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2002AA242061) Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongo-lia (Grant No. 200607010405)
文摘In the present study, cashmere goat fetal fibroblasts were transfected with pCDsR-KI, a hair-follicle-cell specific expression vector for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) that contains two markers for selection (red fluorescent protein gene and neomycin resistant gene). The transgenic fibroblasts cell lines were obtained after G418 selection. Prior to the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the maturation rate of caprine cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) was optimized to an in vitro maturation time of 18 h. Parthenogenetic ooctyes were used as a model to investigate the effect of two activation methods, one with calcium ionophore IA23187 plus 6-DMAP and the other with ethanol plus 6-DMAP. The cleavage rates after 48 h were respectively 88.7% and 86.4%, with no significant difference (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the cleavage rate and the blastocyst rate in two different media (SO- Faa and CR1aa; 86.3% vs 83.9%, P>0.05 and 23.1% vs 17.2%,P>0.05). The fusion rate of a 190 V/mm group (62.4%) was significantly higher than 130 V/mm (32.8%) and 200 V/mm (42.9%), groups (P<0.05). After transgenic somatic cell nuclear transfer (TSCNT) manipulation, 203 reconstructed embryos were obtained in which the cleavage rate after in vitro development (IVD) for 48 h was 79.3% (161/203). The blastocyst rate after IVD for 7 to 9 d was 15.3% (31/203). There were 17 embryos out of 31 strongly ex- pressing red fluorescence. Two of the red fluorescent blastocysts were randomly selected to identify transgene by polymerase chain reaction. Both were positive. These results showed that: (i) RFP and Neor genes were correctly expressed indicating that transgenic somatic cell lines and positive trans- genic embryos were obtained; (ii) one more selection at the blastocyst stage was necessary although the donor cells were transgenic positive, because only partially transgenic embryos expressing red fluorescence were obtained; and (iii) through TSCNT manipulation and optimization, transgenic cash- mere goat embryos expressing red fluorescence and containing an IGF1 expression cassette were obtained, which was sufficient for production of transgenic cashmere goats.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31972556 and 31772573).
文摘Cashmere,also known as soft gold,is produced from the secondary hair follicles(SHFs)of cashmere goats.The number of SHFs determines the yield and quality of cashmere;therefore,it is of interest to investigate the transcriptional profiles present during cashmere goat hair follicle development.However,mechanisms underlying this development process remain largely unexplored,and studies regarding hair follicle development mostly use a murine research model.In this study,to provide a comprehensive understanding of cellular heterogeneity and cell fate decisions,single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 19,705 single cells of the dorsal skin from cashmere goat fetuses at induction(embryonic day 60;E60),organogenesis(E90),and cytodifferentiation(E120)stages.For the first time,unsupervised clustering analysis identified 16 cell clusters,and their corresponding cell types were also characterized.Based on lineage inference,a detailed molecular landscape was revealed along the dermal and epidermal cell lineage developmental pathways.Notably,our current data also confirmed the heterogeneity of dermal papillae from different hair follicle types,which was further validated by immunofluorescence analysis.The current study identifies different biomarkers during cashmere goat hair follicle development and has implications for cashmere goat breeding in the future.
基金Supported by Regional Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(39969002)Key Project of National Natural Science Foun-dation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(200408020401)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study is to lay a foundation for illustrating the biological characteristics and growth regulation mechanism of hair follicles.[Method]Cashmere goat primary hair follicles were separated under aseptic condition and cultured in serum-free DMEM and serum-free Williams E media respectively;subsequently,the growth rate and morphological changes were observed under the inverted microscope.[Result]Hair follicles cultured in serum-free DMEM media showed a growth rate of 0.034 mm/d during the first 3 days,whose structure and morphological characteristics could maintian a stable status for a long time in the growth process.Hair follicles grew much faster in the serum-free Williams E media with a growth rate of 0.077 mm/d during the first 3 days.[Conclusion]There were significant differences(P<0.05)between the growth of cashmere goat hair follicles cultured in the 2 kinds of media.Serum-free Williams E medium was superior to serum-free DMEM medium.
文摘构建了成年绒山羊次级毛囊兴盛期皮肤组织cDNA文库.在GenBank数据库注册非冗余ESTs 392条.序列号为CD051766~CD052157.共有319个已知功能基因.未分类的基因108个;基因和蛋白质表达类70个;代谢类43个;细胞结构类45个;细胞信号和传导类30个;细胞和机体防御的基因15个;参与细胞分裂的基因8个.发现了一些可能和绒毛生长有关的基因:TGFβbinding protein,EDRK enriched factor,growth factor receptor, G protein associated receptor, dermal papilla derived protein 2, homeobox gene otx2, kallikrein7, jagged- 1, thrombospondin- 1 and p 53 inducible protein .