Probiotics Potential of Yeast and Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermented Foods and the Impact of Processing: A Review of Indigenous and Continental Food Products

Probiotics have become essential in food safety and health discourse with interest in their availability, stability, nutrition, and health implications. In this paper, an overview of probiotics of yeast and lactic acid, bacterial fermented food is presented. Probiotics of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp.’s activities and processes within the human intestinal system are examined. Yeast and lactic acid bacterial (LAB) fermented foods from classified food groups such as vegetables, cereals, and grains, soybean, milk, fish, meat, and beverages are examined. This paper focuses on probiotic (microorganism) strains identified with food and their potential health and nutrition benefits. Finally, the impact of processing parameters and non-process factors on probiotics potential in fermented food is investigated.

Partial Characterization of Bacteriocins from Two <i>Pediococcus acidilactici</i>Strains Isolated during Traditional Sorghum Beer Processing in Côte d’Ivoire

Two lactic acid bacteria strains (At1BEAE22 and At344E21) isolated during tchapalo production were identified on the basis of phenotypic analyses. Bacteriocins produced by these strains were tested for their antimicrobial activities using well diffusion agar method. Heat resistance, pH sensitivity and enzyme treatments were also analyzed. Results showed that both lactic acid bacteria strains were identified as Pediococcus acidilactici. Their bacteriocins inhibited growth of Lactobacillus delbrueckii F/31, Listeria innocua ATCC 33090, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Streptococcus sp, Enterococcus faecalis CIP 105042 and Enterococcus faecium ATCC 51558. These bacteriocins were heat stable at 60&degC for 30 min for all indicator bacteria. However, they remained active only against Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Listeria innocua at 121&degC for 60 min. Moreover, they were active in a wide range of pH (3 to 9) with a maximum activity observed at pH 5 and 6 on all indicator bacteria. But, bacteriocin from Pediococcus acidilactici At34E21 was more stable at acidic pH than basic one. The fact that the bacteriocin was inactivated by proteinase K and α-chymotrypsin indicated its proteinaceous nature, a general characteristics of bacteriocins.

Inhibitory Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Salmonella

[Objectives]To explore the inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria(LAB)on the growth of Salmonella.[Methods]The inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria on Salmonella was investigated by Oxford cup agar diffusion test from the aspects of lactic acid bacteria body,metabolites,pH,thermal stability and acid resistance.[Results]The growth of Salmonella was disturbed by the inhibition of lactic acid bacteria.The mechanism of inhibitory effect may be:simple low pH and lactic acid bacteria have no inhibitory effect on Salmonella;however,there are active substances in the metabolites of lactic acid bacteria,which have high thermal stability and a wide range of acid resistance,and are effective substances for inhibiting the growth of Salmonella.[Conclusions]This study is helpful for screening more natural preservative substances,reducing the contamination rate of Salmonella to food,and is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the preservation and preservation of food.

Viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 in the Presence of Williopsis saturnus vat. suaveolens

Maintaining the viability of probiotic microorganisms from production to consumption has long been a technological challenge for the food industry. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the in vitro interaction between Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Williopsis saturnus var. suaveolens and the effect of this yeast on acidification kinetics, viability ofLactobacillus acidophilus and post-acidification in fermented milk during refrigerated storage at 5℃. The in vitro study showed a positive interaction between the acid cell free-supernatant （CFS） ofprobiotic bacteria La-5 and the yeast. The addition of W. saturnus var. suaveolens increased the fermentation time due to consumption of the organic acids produced by L. acidophilus. During the refrigerated storage of the samples, the presence of the yeast increased the viability of L. acidophilus and reduced post-acidification. However, the mechanism of such interaction of bacteria and yeast is not fully understood.

Optimization of L(+)-Lactic Acid Fermentation Without Neutralisation of Rhizopus Oryzae Mutant RK02 by Low-Energy Ion Implantation

In order to get an industrial strain which can yield a high concentration of lactic acid for ISPR （in situ product removal）, the original strain Rhizopus oryzae RE3303 was mutated by low-energy ion beam implantation. A mutant RK02 was screened, and the factors such as the substrate concentration, nitrogen source concentration, inoculum size, seed age, aeration and temperature that affect the production of lactic acid were studied in detail. Under optimal con- ditions, the maximum concentration of L（＋）-lactic acid reached 34.85 g/L after 30 h shake-flask cultivation without adding any neutralisation （5% Glucose added）, which was a 146% increase in lactic acid production after ion implantation compared with the original strain. It was also shown that RK02 can be used in ISPR to reduce the number of times of separation.

Study Bacteriocin Production and Optimization Using New Isolates of <i>Lactobacillus</i>spp. Isolated from Some Dairy Products under Different Culture Conditions

Lactobacilli belong to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), that have several distinguished abilities such as production of lactic acid, enzymes such as β-Galactosidase and natural antimicrobial substances called bacteriocins. Bacteriocin is a biopreservative agent potential of suppressing growth of some contaminant bacteria in food industry but its commercial availability is limited and costly. The study aimed to select isolates of Lactobacillus spp. potential for producing bacteriocins to suppress the growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Bacillus subtilis NCIB3610, and to optimize the process of bacteriocin production. Results obtained in this study showed that L. acidophilus isolate CH1 was selected as the best candidate for bacteriocin among the four isolates that tested. The largest amounts of the bacteriocins were synthesized only in MRS medium was supplemented with K2HPO4 (1.0%), Tween 80 (1%), Beef extract (1%), glucose, cyctein and peptone extract (1%). The optimization of culture conditions for bacteriocin production areas showed that corn steep liquor medium was the best medium for all isolates against Bacillus subtilis while no effect was observed on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 except when used MRS medium. The optimum conditions for bacteriocin production were pH 6.0, temperature 34?C with 4% Phenyl acetamide showing the greatest growth inhibition areas.

Controlling the Risk of Bacillus in Food Using Berries

Introduction: Increasing the shelf life of foods without the addition of synthetic additives is a demand from both producers and consumers. Spore-forming bacteria are a problem in the food industry. To reduce their impact, it is necessary to use complex technologies, as well as ingredients with antibacterial or antibiotic properties. The aim of this study was to develop initial symbiotic combinations between lactic acid bacteria and berries to control food quality. The relevant ability of lactic acid bacteria in the presence of berry additives to inhibit the growth of Bacillus strains that degrade bakery products and dairy products was investigated. The antibacterial effect of berries on the growth of Bacillus mesentericus was studied. Methods: In this study was used inhibition zone test, also called Kirby-Bauer Test. The growth rate of bacteria was based on the measurement of the optical density at 600 nm (OD600). The method of Thompson et al. has been used to research the development of ropiness disease in wheat bread samples. Results: The diameter of the Bacillus pumilus growth inhibition zones under the berries action was as follows: aronia -18.0 ± 0.6 mm;raspberry -16.0 ± 0.4 mm;strawberry -15.0 ± 0.5 mm. Lactic bacteria in the presence of berry additives showed a growth rate, measured by optical density (OD) at 600 from 0.073 to 0.651 (for aronia) from 0.071 to 0.609 (for raspberries), from 0.073 to 0.597 compared to the increase in environments without added fruit, which amounted to -0.050 to 0.410. In the yogurt with added fruit, a synergism was formed with Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus, Lactococcus lactis subsp Lactis biovar diacetilactis. The influence of fat-soluble extracts of sea buckthorn, rose-hip, and hawthorn fruits on the development of ropiness disease when storing wheat bread was investigated. The general Pearson coefficient (microbial count and pH) for all fruit yogurt samples is 0.95066. Conclusion: The combined use of lactic acid bacteria and berries (aronia, raspberry and strawberry) had a synergistic effect on the risk posed by Bacillus bacteria. 1% of fat-soluble extract from the vegetable matter reduced the risk of ropiness disease in wheat bread. This is due to the cumulative effect of the berries chemical composition (antioxidants, organic acids, etc.), increased acidity, lowered pH, and water activity of the food environment, below the development values of Bacillus.

新疆传统发酵乳制品调研及其发酵微生物种质资源分析

为挖掘新疆传统发酵乳制品的微生物菌种资源,对不同地区传统发酵乳的制作方式及其发酵微生物进行了调研。采集了全疆12个地州及乌鲁木齐周边共45个县165个乡村483份家庭作坊生产的传统发酵乳制品,并对其进行了发酵微生物筛选。从采集的不涉及任何商品发酵剂的新疆传统发酵乳中,共筛选出497株乳酸菌和364株酵母菌,并首次发现了假肠膜明串珠菌、汉逊德巴利酵母和巴氏醋杆菌等菌。此研究成果可为开发新疆传统发酵乳制品的优质菌种资源提供基础。

糟辣椒制作工艺研究

【目的】探明糟辣椒适宜制作工艺,为糟辣椒产业化生产提供科学依据。【方法】通过单因素试验,在糟辣椒制作中添加不同食盐浓度(7%、8%、9%、10%、11%)、冰糖浓度(1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%、3.5%)、混合乳酸菌发酵粉接种量(0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%),根据单因素试验结果设计3因素(食盐、冰糖浓度及混合乳酸菌发酵粉接种量)3水平正交试验,评定糟辣椒感官品质,测定酸、色差、亚硝酸盐含量。【结果】添加食盐浓度9%、冰糖浓度3%及混合乳酸菌发酵粉接种量2%的因素组合处理糟辣椒产品感官品质综合评分最高,达95.6分,总酸含量4.13 g/kg,色差值17.78 OD,亚硝酸含量为3.33 mg/kg。【结论】糟辣椒制作在其他配料适宜条件下,添加食盐浓度9%、冰糖浓度3%及混合乳酸菌发酵粉接种量2%的处理加工工艺效果最好,即外观品质优、总酸度适宜、色泽好、亚硝酸盐含量低,糟辣椒品质符合《食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2022)和《贵州发酵辣椒制品》(DBS 52/012—2016)要求。

苦竹笋发酵工艺条件优化及成品挥发性成分分析

为开发一款品质优良的方便型发酵苦竹笋产品,研究发酵方式和发酵工艺条件对发酵苦竹笋品质的影响,以苦竹笋为主要原料,以产品的总酸含量、VC含量、亚硝酸盐含量和感官评分为评价指标,确定苦竹笋的发酵方式,采用单因素与正交试验相结合的方法筛选苦竹笋的最优发酵工艺条件,利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析发酵苦竹笋成品的挥发性成分。结果表明,接种乳酸菌发酵为最佳发酵方式;最优发酵工艺条件为蔗糖添加量2%、食盐添加量5%、乳酸菌粉接种量0.10%,发酵时间6 d;成品中检测出25种挥发性成分,包括醇类5种、酯类7种、烯烃类7种、醚类1种、酸类1种、酮类1种、其他3种,相对含量依次为48.13%、33.69%、11.99%、4.16%、0.22%、0.19%、1.62%。该条件下制作的发酵苦竹笋产品色泽好、风味佳、质地脆嫩。

柱花草耐高温优质乳酸菌的筛选及对其青贮发酵品质的改善效果

为明确柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis)青贮饲料中乳酸菌的耐高温情况及其对柱花草青贮品质的影响,采用传统微生物培养、分离、筛选结合16s rRNA基因鉴定技术研究了柱花草青贮饲料中的主要耐高温优质乳酸菌种类与生理生化特性,并用筛选出的优质乳酸菌菌株接种柱花草调制青贮饲料。结果表明:从柱花草青贮饲料中筛选出了7株可耐受45℃高温、7.5%NaCl盐度、pH 4.5酸度、至少可利用11种碳源、接种2 h后均能迅速产酸的优质乳酸菌;基因鉴定表明它们分属于粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)(S1、S2、S5和S6菌株)、人参土芽孢杆菌(Weizmannia ginsengisoli)(S3菌株)和戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)(S4与S7菌株) 3个属。粪肠球菌S1菌株与戊糖片球菌S4菌株分别接种于柱花草青贮30 d后,不但显著减少青贮饲料的干物质损失(P <0.05),还使其pH、丁酸与氨态氮含量显著降低(P <0.05),乳酸含量显著高于植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)接种组(P <0.05),且肠杆菌科数量减少,无霉菌和酵母菌检出;特别是粪肠球菌S1接种组的粗蛋白含量显著高于植物乳杆菌接种组(P <0.05),可有效提高柱花草青贮饲料发酵品质并且保存更多的营养成分。

传统发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的筛选及其在萨拉米中的初步应用

为筛选出具有优良发酵特性的乳酸菌菌株,对具有代表性的传统发酵肉制品中的微生物进行选择性分离,并研究其在萨拉米发酵过程中的适应性。通过不同菌株发酵特性分析,筛选出两株不产黏性和色素、不产H2O_(2)和H2S、发酵葡萄糖不产气、无氨基酸脱羧酶和溶血性、不分解精氨酸产氨、发酵性能优良的菌株YR07和L.48。通过糖发酵试验和16S rRNA序列分析,确定菌种YR07为植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum),L.48为清酒乳杆菌(Latilactobacillus sakei)。菌株YR07和L.48对质量分数6.0%NaCl、150 mg/kg NaNO_(2)及pH值4.0的耐受性良好,可有效抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌等食源性致病、致腐菌,对红霉素、氯霉素等常用抗生素无耐药性。两株菌分别应用于萨拉米发酵阶段,接菌组香肠pH值在24h内可快速降至4.71和4.82,杂菌生长受到抑制,产品质地、感官风味得到提升。综上,YR07和L.48符合发酵剂特性,生产适应性强、安全性高,可用于肉制品发酵。

乳酸菌在动物生产中的应用研究进展

乳酸菌制剂作为纯天然饲料添加剂,因其具有促进动物生长、改善肠道菌群结构、提高免疫机能等功效且具有无毒、无害、低耐药性等特点,被广泛应用于畜牧业。该综述旨在突出乳酸菌作为猪、家禽、反刍动物和水产动物养殖中抗生素替代品的潜在价值,以期为乳酸菌在动物生产养殖中的应用提供一定参考依据。

乳酸菌的健康功效及其在发酵茶叶中的应用进展

乳酸菌在植物基发酵食品中研究应用广泛,对改善并形成发酵产品的独特风味品质、促进营养健康功效多元化等方面具有重要作用。本文介绍了乳酸菌的健康功效,综述了近几年其在发酵茶叶中的应用现状,简述了乳酸菌在发酵茶叶中的应用基础、工艺差异及其对茶叶品质的影响,并对乳酸菌在发酵茶叶中的研究及应用提出了展望,以期为乳酸发酵茶制品的研发和夏秋茶资源高值化利用提供参考。

乳酸菌发酵对花生衣抗糖化缓解皮肤衰老功能的影响

糖化会导致晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)形成并在体内积累,引起皮肤衰老。体外实验表明花生衣具有抗糖化作用,乳酸菌发酵能否提升花生衣的抗糖能力尚不清楚。本研究采用体外AGEs生成模型和丙酮醛损伤皮肤成纤维细胞(HSF)模型,从10株乳酸菌中筛出植物乳植杆菌CCFM1354,该菌具有很好的抑制AGEs生成能力,能缓解HSF细胞的糖化损伤。高糖细胞模型实验发现,CCFM1354发酵花生衣能显著降低HSF细胞中BAX和NFKB1的mRNA的相对表达量;D-半乳糖诱导的衰老小鼠实验结果表明,口服植物乳植杆菌CCFM1354发酵花生衣能显著降低小鼠血清AGEs含量,提高小鼠皮肤弹性,改善小鼠皮肤萎缩状况,且效果优于未发酵花生衣。由此可见,植物乳植杆菌CCFM1354发酵能显著提升花生衣的抗糖化功能,缓解皮肤衰老。

预缺氧脱氮/BIOFOR工艺处理L-乳酸生产废水

L-乳酸生产废水中含有较高浓度的有机污染物和氨氮,属于难处理的有机废水。结合江西某化工厂L-乳酸生产废水水质情况,采用了预缺氧脱氮/BIOFOR处理工艺,出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级标准。

白酒酿造中乳酸产生及控制的研究进展

白酒酿造中,开放式发酵将乳酸菌引入酒醅产生乳酸,乳酸通过蒸馏进入酒体,是白酒中重要的风味物质。但乳酸含量在酒体中偏高和偏低都将负面影响白酒风味和人体饮后舒适度,因此分析乳酸在白酒中的产生机理和调控措施,确保乳酸在适宜浓度,对白酒生产和消费者的健康饮用具有重要指导意义。该文综述了白酒中乳酸的产生机理,总结了乳酸在白酒与人体中的作用,探讨了白酒酿造过程中乳酸产生的调控措施和调控对白酒品质、口感、出酒率的影响及部分酒企的实际应用情况,旨在为酒企实际生产中对乳酸的调控提供参考。

白酒酿造中两种手性乳酸产生机理及控制措施的研究进展

白酒酿造中,开放式发酵将乳酸菌引入酒醅产生L-乳酸和D-乳酸,乳酸通过蒸馏进入酒体,是白酒中重要的风味物质,但过多乳酸有可能影响酒精代谢以及饮用舒适度。酿造原料、乳酸菌菌种和酿造工艺的不同导致白酒中两种手性乳酸含量和比例不同,从而导致白酒的风味和品质差异。该文综述了白酒酿造中两种手性乳酸的产生机理,总结了其在人体中的代谢作用,简述了白酒中两种手性乳酸的含量及比例差异,探讨了酿造原料、酒曲、酒醅、发酵进程、发酵温度、L-乳酸高产菌选育、蒸馏工艺和窖泥对两种手性乳酸产生的影响及控制措施,以及两种手性乳酸对白酒品质的影响,旨在不影响白酒风味的前提下为生产中增加L-乳酸和降低D-乳酸的调控提供一些参考。

传统食品源乳酸菌对酸面团面包风味的影响

乳酸菌在酸面团制作中扮演着重要角色,对其风味等品质有显著影响。不同种类的乳酸菌在性能上存在差异,为了选育特色酸面团用乳酸菌发酵剂,开发差异化酸面团面包,本研究对来自不同种类传统发酵食品中的乳酸菌,进行糖代谢能力、产有机酸能力及风味特征评估,并验证其对酸面团和面包风味的影响。结果显示,有6株乳酸菌具有较强的糖代谢能力和产酸性能,风味特征优良。其产生的挥发性风味物质主要包括醇类、酯类、酮类、醛类、酸类和其他类化合物。其中有2株植物乳杆菌可为酸面团面包贡献酸味、果味和酒酿味等特殊风味。这些筛选出的菌株为开发具有特征性香气成分的酸面团发酵剂提供了资源,具有工业应用潜力。

发酵肉制品中乳酸菌抗氧化作用及其对感官品质影响的研究进展

发酵肉制品营养丰富,风味独特且易被人体消化利用,但因发酵肉制品生产周期较长,导致肉制品内活性氧水平上升,氧化还原平衡会受到破坏。而乳酸菌被证明不仅可以改善发酵肉制品的品质,还拥有优异的抗氧化功能,因此利用乳酸菌发酵剂抗氧化是目前的研究重点。综述了发酵肉制品发酵过程中被氧化的原因,探讨了乳酸菌的抗氧化作用,包括乳酸菌自身抵抗氧胁迫、调节信号通路、清除自由基、螯合金属离子及防止脂质过氧化等作用,对乳酸菌抗氧化作用对发酵肉制品风味、色泽和质构的影响研究进展进行梳理和总结,以期为乳酸菌发酵剂在发酵肉制品中的研究提供思路。