Translation Strategies of Red Tourism Terms in the Central Plains-Taking Red Central Plains as an Example

In recent years,the Red Tourism in Central Plains has gradually become a new type of thematic tourism form,which is an important carrier to carry out patriotism and revolutionary traditional education and carry forward the national spirit.The translation of red tourism publicity is an important window for spreading Chinese culture,and the translation of professional terms is an important link in the red tourism publicity.How to spread the red culture of the Central Plains,glow the charm of the Central Plains culture,enhance the influence of the Central Plains culture,and spread the Central Plains culture to the world has become the mission of every child of the Central Plains.This paper adopts the case analysis method,combined with the specific and typical cases in“Red Central Plains”,and uses different translation strategies and methods to explore the difficulties and solutions of the translation of terms in the red tourism text.

Spatio-temporal Evolution of Urban Expansion Based on a Novel Adjusted Index and GEE: A Case Study of Central Plains Urban Agglomeration, China

It is crucial to investigate the urban agglomerations spatio-temporal evolution patterns and driving factors for analyzing the urban spatial structure-functional division and promoting the coordinated development of urban agglomerations.In this study,a novel vegetation-building-nighttime light-adjusted index(VBNAI)was established for rapid and effective mapping of urban construction land(UCL)in Central Plains Urban Agglomeration(CPUA),China during 2000–2020 based on Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform.Compared with traditional indices,VBNAI can significantly decrease the blooming effect,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)saturation,and soil background of nighttime light data.In addition,the urban expansion indices and standard deviation ellipse model were synthetically adopted to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of urban expansion.The gravity model and the geographically weighted regression model were employed to determine the spatial interaction forces and drivers of urban expansion,respectively.The results showed that the VBNAI index has obvious advantages in efficiency and accuracy to extract UCL with the overall accuracy of more than 91%.The UCL of CPUA had increased by 4489.84 km2 during 2000–2020 with the gravity center moving towards southeast continuously.From 2000 to 2010,the urban expansion was in a‘center-hinterland’pattern which had benefit from the favorable effect of the traffic shaft belt.During 2010–2020,the urban network structure had basically established.Urban expansion had been influenced by a variety of socio-economic and demographic factors,and the impact degree varied from region to region.This study could provide scientific references for facilitating the intensive utilization of urban resources and optimizing the spatial development pattern of urban agglomeration.

Anti-seismic Value of Watchtower-like Folk Residence on the Central Plain of China by the Insinuation of Typical Cases

Through the survey of ancient residences on the Central Plain of China, several ancient residences have been selected as typical cases. By combining with residential features of watchtower, characteristics of these residences have been analyzed carefully. In order to reasonably illustrate anti-seismic value of watchtower-like residences, their characteristics have been concluded in the perspective of plane form, structural arrangement, and anti-seismic construction measures. The plane form is of tower; the plane and vertical surfaces are regular and even; the wall's thickness is reasonable, and doors and windows are few and small; and bonded stone has been set in the wall, resisting compression.

The impacts of climate change on wheat yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China using DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model under different climate scenarios

Climate change has been documented as a major threat to current agricultural strategies.Progress in understanding the impact of climate change on crop yield is essential for agricultural climate adaptation,especially for the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain(3H Plain)of China which is an area known to be vulnerable to global warming.In this study,the impacts of climate change on winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)yield between the baseline period(1981–2010)and two Representative Concentration Pathways(RCP8.5 and RCP4.5)were simulated for the short-term(2010–2039),the medium-term(2040–2069)and the long-term(2070–2099)in the 3H Plain,by considering the relative contributions of changes in temperature,solar radiation and precipitation using the DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model.Results indicated that the maximum and minimum temperatures(TMAX and TMIN),solar radiation(SRAD),and precipitation(PREP)during the winter wheat season increased under these two RCPs.Yield analysis found that wheat yield increased with the increase in SRAD,PREP and CO2 concentration,but decreased with an increase in temperature.Increasing precipitation contributes the most to the total impact,increasing wheat yield by 9.53,6.62 and 23.73%for the three terms of future climate under RCP4.5 scenario,and 11.74,16.38 and 27.78%for the three terms of future climate under RCP8.5 scenario.However,as increases in temperature bring higher evapotranspiration,which further aggravated water deficits,the supposed negative effect of increasing thermal resources decreased wheat yield by 1.92,4.08 and 5.24%for the three terms of future climate under RCP4.5 scenario,and 3.64,5.87 and 5.81%for the three terms of future climate under RCP8.5 scenario with clearly larger decreases in RCP8.5.Counterintuitively,the impacts in southern sub-regions were positive,but they were all negative in the remaining sub-regions.Our analysis demonstrated that in the 3H Plain,which is a part of the mid-high latitude region,the effects of increasing thermal resources were counteracted by the aggravated water deficits caused by the increase in temperature.

Temperature and Precipitation Suitability Evaluation for the Winter Wheat and Summer Maize Cropping System in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China

The Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is the most important winter wheat and maize production region in China.In response to the increasing population pressure,the Chinese authorities strongly invested in improving the irrigation systems and increasing ground and surface water exploitation within the plain to increase the crop productivity.This resulted in a reduction of water resource availability and in turn indirectly affected the suitability of various agricultural ecosystems in the plain.The main purpose of this study was to review the suitability of temperature and precipitation for the winter wheat and summer maize cropping system in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,in order to provide a preliminary irrigation scheme.This analysis provides a first attempt to enhance the water resource management as well as to increase the water use efficiency.For this aim,a GIS-based multicriteria analysis procedure has been developed consisting of（1） definition of objectives（evaluated entities） and database building;（2） definition of evaluation criteria;（3） standardization of the criteria;（4） combination of the criteria;（5） classification of the objectives;and（6） integration of the objectives.The land suitability classification maps were transformed into maps of required irrigation amounts for each growing stage of the winter wheat and summer maize cropping system.The study also exemplified the limitations and proposed future research activities that will improve the detail and accuracy of the evaluation results.

Effects of subsoiling depth,period interval and combined tillage practice on soil properties and yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,China

Compact!on layers are widely distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,China,which restrict root growth and reduce yields.The adoption of subsoiling has been recommended to disrupt compacted soil layers and create a reasonable soil structure for crop development.In this paper,the effects of subsoiling depth(30,35 and 40 cm),period interval(2 or 3 years)and combined pre-sowing tillage practice(rotary cultivation or ploughing)on soil condition improvement was studied on a tidal soil in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.Seve n tillage patter ns were desig ned by combini ng differe nt subsoili ng depths,period intervals and pre-sowing.The evaluation indicators for soil condition improvement were as follows:thickness of the plough layer and hard pan,soil bulk density,cone index,soil three-phase R values,alkali nitrogen content,crop yield,and economic ben efits.The results showed that subsoiling can sign ificantly improve the soil structure and physical properties.In all subsoiling treatments,the depth of 35 or 40 cm at a 2-year interval was the most significant.The thickness of the plough layer in creased from 13.67 cm before the test to 21.54-23.45 cm in 2018.The thick ness of the hard pan decreased from 17.68 cm before the test to 12.09-12.76 cm in 2018,a decrease of about 40.07%.However,the subsoiling combined presowing tillage practice,that is,rotary cultivation or ploughing,was not significant for soil structure and physical properties.For all subsoiling treatments,the soil bulk density,cone index and soil three-phase R values of the 15-25 cm soil layer were significantly lower compared to single rotary cultivation.Subsoiling was observed to increase the soil alkaline nitrogen and water conte nts.The tillage patter ns that had subsoiling at the depth of 35-40 cm at a 2-year in terval combi ned with rotary cultivation had the highest alkali nitrogen and water contents,which increased by 31.08-34.23%compared with that of the single rotary cultivati on.Subsoiling can sign ifica ntly in crease the yield both of wheat and corn,as well as the economic ben efits.The treatment of subsoili ng at the depth of 35 cm at an interval of 2 years com bined with rotary cultivation had the highest ann ual yield and economic benefits.For this treatme nt,the arinual yield and economic ben efits in creased by 14.55 and 62.87%in 2018,respectively.In con clusi on,the tillage patter ns that involved subsoili ng at a depth of 35 cm at a 2-year interval along with rotary cultivation are suitable for the Huang?Huai-Hai Plain.

Water consumption in summer maize and winter wheat cropping system based on SEBAL model in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China

Crop consumptive water use is recognized as a key element to understand regional water management performance. This study documents an attempt to apply a regional evapotranspiration model（SEBAL） and crop information for assessment of regional crop（summer maize and winter wheat） actual evapotranspiration（ET a） in Huang-Huai-Hai（3H） Plain, China. The average seasonal ET a of summer maize and winter wheat were 354.8 and 521.5 mm respectively in 3H Plain. A high-ET a belt of summer maize occurs in piedmont plain, while a low ET a area was found in the hill-irrigable land and dry land area. For winter wheat, a high-ET a area was located in the middle part of 3H Plain, including low plain-hydropenia irrigable land and dry land, hill-irrigable land and dry land, and basin-irrigable land and dry land. Spatial analysis demonstrated a linear relationship between crop ET a, normalized difference vegetation index（NDVI）, and the land surface temperature（LST）. A stronger relationship between ET a and NDVI was found in the metaphase and last phase than other crop growing phase, as indicated by higher correlation coefficient values. Additionally, higher correlation coefficients were detected between ET a and LST than that between ET a and NDVI, and this significant relationship ran through the entire crop growing season. ET a in the summer maize growing season showed a significant relationship with longitude, while ET a in the winter wheat growing season showed a significant relationship with latitude. The results of this study will serve as baseline information for water resources management of 3H Plain.

Proton accumulation accelerated by heavy chemical nitrogen fertilization and its long-term impact on acidifying rate in a typical arable soil in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

Cropland productivity has been significantly impacted by soil acidification resulted from nitrogen （N） fertilization, especially as a result of excess ammoniacal N input. With decades＇ intensive agricultural cultivation and heavy chemical N input in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the impact extent of induced proton input on soil pH in the long term was not yet clear. In this study, acidification rates of different soil layers in the soil profile （0-120 cm） were calculated by pH buffer capacity （pHBC） and net input of protons due to chemical N incorporation. Topsoil （0-20 cm） pH changes of a long-term fertilization field （from 1989） were determined to validate the predicted values. The results showed that the acid and alkali buffer capacities varied significantly in the soil profile, averaged 692 and 39.8 mmolc kg-1 pH-1, respectively. A significant （P〈0.05） correlation was found between pHRC and the content of calcium carbonate. Based on the commonly used application rate of urea （500 kg N ha-1 yr-1）, the induced proton input in this region was predicted to be 16.1 kmol ha-1 yr-1, and nitrification and plant uptake of nitrate were the most important mechanisms for proton producing and consuming, respectively. The acidification rate of topsoil （0-20 cm） was estimated to be 0.01 unit pH yr-1 at the assumed N fertilization level. From 1989 to 2009, topsoil pH （0-20 cm） of the long-term fertilization field decreased from 8.65 to 8.50 for the PK （phosphorus, 150 kg P205 ha-1 yr-1; potassium, 300 kg K20 ha-1 yr-1; without N fertilization）, and 8.30 for NPK （nitrogen, 300 kg N ha-1 yr-1; phosphorus, 150 kg P2Os ha-1 yr-1; potassium, 300 kg K20 ha -1 yr-1）, respectively. Therefore, the apparent soil acidification rate induced by N fertilization equaled to 0.01 unit pH yr-1, which can be a reference to the estimated result, considering the effect of atmospheric N deposition, crop biomass, field management and plant uptake of other nutrients and cations. As protons could be consumed by some field practices, such as stubble return and coupled water and nutrient management, soil pH would maintain relatively stable if proper management practices can be adopted in this region.

Acid and Alkali Buffer Capacity of Typical Fluvor-Aquic Soil in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

Soil acid and alkali buffer capacity, as a major indicator for evaluating its vulnerability and resistibility to acidification and alkalization, is an important factor affecting the sustainable agriculture, through knowledge on which soil acidification process can be predicted and modified. In this study, titration curve method was adopted to investigate the pH buffer capacity （pHBC） of fluvor-aquic soil, and separate titration curves were established by adding incremental amounts of either standardized hydrochloric acid （HC1） （0.12 mol L^-1） or sodium hydroxide （NaOH） （0.10 mol L^-1） to soil suspended in deionized water （soil：solution = 1：5）. Soil pH was measured after 7 d resuspension and isothermal equilibrium （T = 25℃）. Linear regressions were fitted to the linear portion of each titration curve and the slopes of these lines were derived as the soil pHBC. The results showed that significant correlations between the amounts of adding acid or alkali and each pH change were presented, and titration curve method was feasible for measurement of pHBC on typical fluvor-aquic soil in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, and the coefficients of determination were higher than the similar researches on acid soil （R^2 = 0.96）. The slope-derived pHBC of acid and alkali were 158.71 and 25.02 mmol kg^-1, respectively. According to the classification of soil buffer systems, the soil tested belongs to the calcium carbonate buffer system, carbonates contribute the most to pHBC, and the contribution of soil organic matter relatively less than it.

Development Plan for Under- forest Economy of Henan Province Based on Central Plains Economic Region

Firstly,this paper analyzed current situations,major practice and existing problems of under-forest economy in Henan Province.Then,it made an in-depth discussion of guiding thought,principle and objectives,construction task and safeguarding measures of the underforest economic development plan. Besides,it analyzed benefits of the under-forest economic development plan. By 2017,the area of underforest economic land will reach 1. 60 million hm2,create output value of 155. 2 billion yuan( accounting for more than 20% of forest output value),provide 3. 27 million jobs,and will greatly increase ecological carrying capacity of construction and development of the Central Plains Economic Region( CPER).

Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Study of Groundwater in a Semi-arid Region： Yeniceoba Plain (Cihanbeyli-KONYA), Central Anatolia,Turkey

Groundwater is the most important source of water supply in the Yeniceoba Plain in Central Anatolia, Turkey. An understanding of the geochemical evolution of groundwater is important for the sustainable development of water resources in this region. A hydrogeochemical investigation was conducted in the Plio-Quaternary aquifer system using stable isotopes （δ^18O and JD）, tritium （3H）, major and minor elements （Ca, Na, K, Mg, C1, SO4, NO3, HCO3 and Br） in order to identify groundwater chemistry patterns and the processes affecting groundwater mineralization in this system. The chemical data reveal that the chemical composition of groundwater in this aquifer system is mainly controlled by rock/water interactions including dissolution of evaporitic minerals, weathering of silicates, precipitation/dissolution of carbonates, ion exchange, and evaporation. Based on the values of C1/Br ratio （〉 300 mg/l） in the Plio-Quaternary groundwater, dissolution of evaporitic minerals in aquifer contributes significantly to the high mineralization. The stable isotope analyses indicate that the groundwater in the system was influenced by evaporation of rainfall during infiltration. Low tritium values （generally 〈1 tritium units） of groundwater reflect a minor contribution of recent recharge and groundwater residence times of more than three or four decades.

The Palaeoclimate Variations in the Central Plains Since the Interstade of the Last Glacial Stage

Through the study of a high-resolution loess record in the Central Plains, the short—term palaeoclimatic variations since the interstade of the last glacial stage have been discussed in this paper. The palaeoclimate in the East Asian monsoon areas shows different variation patterns in summer and winter. A correlation of the palaeomonsoon records of loess with the δ18O records of the ice core and deep sea is made, and some of the causes for their differences are also discussed.

Study on Regional Image of Henan Province against the Background of Central Plains Rising

Relevant theories of regional image were elaborated, and significance of regional image for the development of Henan Province was analyzed. On the basis of characteristic cultural resources in the local area, the ways of building regional image of Henan were explored from the perspectives of orientation of cultural characteristics, regional image identification system and regional image evaluation.

Evaluation on Emergency Ability of Agricultural Envrironmental Pollution Incident in Central Plains Economic Zone

Abstract The level of emergency ability directly reflects response effect of an area to emergency. Taking Central Plains Economic Zone as re- search object, by documents retrieval, field survey, mechanism analysis and logical reasoning, evaluation index system for emergency ability of ag- ricultural environmental pollution incident was established, which included 5 first grade indexes, 19 second grade indexes and 53 third grade inde- xes. By mechanism analysis and mathematical derivation, evaluation model for emergency ability of agricultural environmental pollution incident： I =m∑i=1∑j=1Pij, On this basis, four prefecture-level cities （A, B, C and D） of Central Plains Economic Zone were evaluated by using the index system and the evaluated model. The research could provide important theoretical reference for emergency ability construction of agricultural environmental pol- lution incident in Central Plains Economic Zone.

A Study on the Driving Factors of Food Production in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain Based on Path Analysis

The effects of 14 factors on food production in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain are analyzed by path analysis in this paper,and then the linear regression models of them are established by SPSS software. The results show that electricity consumption for agriculture,growing area of crops,the affected area,annual average temperature and arable land area at the end of the year have great effects on food production. Finally some recommendations are put forward to improve the food production in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain such as improving the level of agricultural mechanization,stabilizing food production,preventing natural disasters and increasing the effective irrigation area.

Effect of water fluctuation on agricultural production in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China

The biggest load of water resources for agricultural economy in the Huang-Huai Plainwill only arcount for 67.1 % of the forecasted irrigated area in 2010. The irrigated area and thequantity of water diverting from the Huanghe River was 2.2 million hm2 and 10.8 billion m3respectively in the lowe reaches of the river in the 1990s. The annual amount of yield increase forgrain is 6.3 billion kg calculated by converting and the annual benefit of yield-increase is 4.4 billionRMB yuan in the irrigated area of the region. The daily economic losses of industry and agricultureby absence of flow in the area in the 1990s is 44. 1 million RMB yuan. The annual water quantity willbe increased by 9.9 billion m3 after diverting water from the Huanghe River and 12.6 billion m3 afterdiverting water from the Changjiang River respectively in the plain in 2010.

Spatial Heterogeneity Analysis of PM2.5 Concentration in Central Plains Economic Region

The research of the spatial heterogeneity of PM2.5 concentration in an area, is of great significance for understanding its regional spatial distribution structure, exploring the transmission relationship between regions, in order to formulate joint prevention and control measures within the entire area. Based on the daily monitoring data of PM2.5 concentration in the Central Plains Economic Region in 2019, this paper utilizes cluster analysis to divide the regional PM2.5 concentration into 5 classes, builds their spatial semi-variogram model, and then utilizes interpolation analysis method to study the regional overall distribution characteristics and transmission law. The results show that the PM2.5 concentration in the Central Plains Economic Region has a medium or higher spatial autocorrelation. The critical value of the overall PM2.5 concentration in the area is 150 μg/m3, as the overall PM2.5 concentration less than the value, the PM2.5 in a region mainly comes from local emissions, as the overall PM2.5 concentration higher than the value, the influence of spatial structure on the distribution of PM2.5 concentration is gradually obvious. PM2.5 has a certain degree of spatial transmission, which mainly includes two routes as Puyang-Xingtai and Puyang-Zhengzhou, and the transmission intensity of the former is greater than the latter.

Late Quaternary Geomorphology of the Tonami Plain and Activity of the Tonami-Heiya Fault Zone, Toyama Prefecture, Central Japan

The Holocene alluvial fans and flood plains formed by the Sho and Oyabe Rivers spread out in the Tonami plain from the central through the northern parts in the Toyama Prefecture, central Japan. Along the foot of the surrounding mountains and hills, higher, middle and lower terraces of late Pleistocene-Holocene in age are distributed. These terraces have been displaced, by the reverse dip-slip activities of Tonami-heiya fault zone in a sense of upheaval in the mountains side, even during the Holocene time. We examined stratigraphic cross section utilizing borehole data and geomorphologically analyzed 5 m-DEM data in order to elucidate the fault trace of the Isurugi fault which Tonami-heiya fault zone. As the results, the northern segment of Isurugi fault seems to run along the northeastern foot of Hodatsu Hills and extends underground through the lower-most Oyabe River into the Toyama Bay. Consequently, its total length reaches about 30 km. In the southern segment, a continuous fault scarplet was recognized to cut across the lower dissected fans. The slip-rate of Isurugi fault is estimated to be 0.31 - 0.64 m/kyr. In the Hokuriku region, reverse faulting and related folding with strike in a NE-SW direction have occurred during the late Quaternary. The hinge line of block movement due to the activities of the Tonami-heiya fault zone is revealed to have shifted from the mountain side into the plain side within the Holocene time. In conclusion, the Quaternary folding and faulting associated with the crustal warping at a wavelength of about 20 km is currently in progress, causing both the subsidence of Tonami plain and the upheaval of surrounding mountains and hills.

The Evolution of the Central Plain Civilization in China(Ⅰ)

正China's Henan province, brief as Yu, got its name from the Yu state, which was one of the nine states in ancient China. The place with geographical advantage possesses superiority of radiating to the whole nation, and vibrant cultures, thus leading to its prosperity. The Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties in ancient China set capitals in Luoyang of Henan province,

Soft Sediment Deformation Structures in the Sediment Deposits of Ganga River and Its Oxbow Lakes in Parts of Indo-Gangetic Plain: Implications for Quake Proxies and Paleoseismicity Tracking

The Late Quaternary thick sedimentary fills of the Ganga basin predominantly consist of unconsolidated fluvial sandy deposits which are often intercalated with mud. These deposits at various places record the evidence of earthquakes, which occurred in the recent geological past. The evidence is contained and manifested in the form of Soft Sediment Deformation Structures (SSDSs). Saturated sediments/muds/soils are liquefied by earthquake tremors which either generate SSDS or produce structural discordance in the pre-existing sedimentary structures. The present study reports the occurrence of SSDS, e.g. load and associated flame structures, clastic dikes and sill structures, slump structures and sedimentary breccias, etc. from the Ganga River and adjacent oxbow lake sediment deposits. An attempt has been made to establish the origin of soft sediment structures of this region in accordance with its neotectonic history and in turn, identification of seismic structural proxies to delineate paleoseismic events in this region with futuristic implications. The preservation of soft sediment deformation structures in large numbers with multiple geomorphology and scale, in the river and adjoining lake sediments, is indicative of frequent earthquakes of high magnitude consequent to tectonic activism in the Himalayan region.