Effects of drought on non-structural carbohydrates and C,N,and P stoichiometric characteristics of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings

To study non-structural carbohydrate character-istics and nutrient utilization strategies of Pinus yunnanen-sis under continuous drought conditions,2-year-old seed-lings were planted in pots with appropriate water,light and moderate and severe drought treatments[(80±5),(65±5),(50±5),and(35±5)%of field water-holding capacity].Non-structural carbohydrates,carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)concentrations were measured in each plant component.The results show that:(1)With increasing drought,non-structural carbohydrates gradually increased in leaves,stems,and coarse roots,while gradually decreased in fine roots;(2)C concentrations of all were relatively stable under different stress levels.Phosphorous utilization of each component increased under light and moderate drought conditions,while N and P utilization efficiency of each plant component decreased under severe drought.Growth was mainly restricted by N,first decreasing and then increasing with increased drought;(3)There was a correlation between the levels of non-structural carbohydrates and C,N,and P in each component.Changes in N concentration affected the interconversion between soluble sugar and starch,which play a regulatory role in the fluctuation of the concentration of non-structural carbohydrates;and,(4)Plasticity analysis showed that P.yunnanensis seedlings responded to drought mainly by altering starch concentration,the ratio of soluble sugar to starch in leaves and stems,and further by alter-ing N and P utilization efficiencies.Overall,these results suggest that the physiological activities of all organs of P.yunnanensis seedlings are restricted under drought and that trade-offs exist between different physiological indicators and organs.Our findings are helpful in understanding non-structural carbohydrate and nutrient adaptation mechanisms under drought in P.yunnanensis seedlings.

Exploring pore-scale production characteristics of oil shale after CO_(2) huff‘n’puff in fractured shale with varied permeability

Recent studies have indicated that the injection of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))can lead to increased oil recovery in fractured shale reservoirs following natural depletion.Despite advancements in understanding mass exchange processes in subsurface formations,there remains a knowledge gap concerning the disparities in these processes between the matrix and fractures at the pore scale in formations with varying permeability.This study aims to experimentally investigate the CO_(2) diffusion behaviors and in situ oil recovery through a CO_(2) huff‘n’puff process in the Jimsar shale oil reservoir.To achieve this,we designed three matrix-fracture models with different permeabilities(0.074 mD,0.170 mD,and 0.466 mD)and experimented at 30 MPa and 91°C.The oil concentration in both the matrix and fracture was monitored using a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR)technique to quantify in situ oil recovery and elucidate mass-exchange behaviors.The results showed that after three cycles of CO_(2) huff‘n’puff,the total recovery degree increased from 30.28%to 34.95%as the matrix permeability of the core samples increased from 0.074 to 0.466 mD,indicating a positive correlation between CO_(2) extraction efficiency and matrix permeability.Under similar fracture conditions,the increase in matrix permeability further promoted CO_(2) extraction efficiency during CO_(2) huff‘n’puff.Specifically,the increase in matrix permeability of the core had the greatest effect on the extraction of the first-cycle injection in large pores,which increased from 16.42%to 36.64%.The findings from our research provide valuable insights into the CO_(2) huff‘n’puff effects in different pore sizes following fracturing under varying permeability conditions,shedding light on the mechanisms of CO_(2)-enhanced oil recovery in fractured shale oil reservoirs.

Analysis of the Effect of Radiation Defects by Low-energy Protons on Electrophysical Properties of Silicon N^(+)-P-P^(+) Structure

Nowadays,radiation engineering is a promising direction in the creation of semiconductor devices.The proton irradiation is used to controllably change the optical,electrical,recombination,mechanical and structural properties of the semiconductors.Low-energy protons make it possible to purposefully change material properties near the surface where the n^(+)-p junction is located.In this paper,the impact of low-energy protons on the electro physical parameters of n+-p-p+silicon photoelectric converters(SPC)is analyzed.The current-voltage characteristics and switching time of these SPCs are measured.The switching time is determined using rectangular bipolar voltage pulses with an amplitude of 10 mV,a frequency of 200 kHz,or a frequency of 1 MHz.A theoretical and experimental analysis of the obtained results is performed.The comparison of experimental data with the results of calculations shows that protons with an energy of 180 keV and a dose of 10×15 cm^(-2) create two regions in the space charge region of the n^(+)-p junction with different switching times of 4.2×10^(-7) s and 5.5×10^(-8) s.SPC frequency characteristics have been improved by reducing the effective lifetime by 5-10 times.This effect can be used to create high-speed photodiodes with an operating modulation frequency of 18 MHz.

Nanoscale Pore Characteristics of the Upper Permian Mudrocks from a Transitional Environment in and around Eastern Sichuan Basin, China

Nanoscale pore characteristics of the Upper Permian Longtan transitional mudrocks and their equivalent strata Wujiaping Formation marine mudrocks in and around the eastern Sichuan Basin was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)and low-pressure N2 adsorption experiments.The results indicate that the Upper Permian mudrock is at a mature stage with total organic carbon(TOC)values ranging between 0.47%and 12.3%.The Longtan mudrocks mainly contain vitrinite,and their mineral composition is primarily clay.In contrast,the Wujiaping mudrocks are dominated by sapropelinite and solid bitumen,and their mineral compositions are mainly quartz and a notably high amount of pyrite.The FE-SEM reveals that clay mineral pores and microcracks are the common pore types in the Longtan mudrocks.The specific surface area and pore volume depend on the clay content but are negatively correlated with the TOC.The generation of nanometer pores in the Longtan mudrocks is caused by high clay mineral contents.Meanwhile,the Wujiaping mudrock mainly contains OM pores,and the pore parameters are positively correlated with the TOC.The OM pore development exhibits remarkable differences in the Longtan and Wujiaping mudrocks,which might be related to their sedimentary facies and maceral fractions.Vitrinite and inertinite appear as discrete particles in these mudrocks and cannot generate pores during thermal maturation.Sapropelinite often contains many secondary pores,and solid bitumen with large particles,usually with several pores,is not the major contributor to the pore system of the investigated mudrock.

Effects of Blending Long-Chain Alcohols with Jet Fuel on the Macroscopic Spray Characteristics

Long-chain alcohols were considered to be promising alternative fuels and fuel additives. This study was aimed at figuring out the influences of blending long-chain alcohols with jet fuel on the macroscopic spray characteristic. n-Butanol and n-pentanol were chosen as tested alternative fuels. A common-rail injection system was used to create high-pressure injection conditions. The Schlieren imaging system was used to capture spray processes. Results showed that with the addition of long-chain alcohols, the spray tip penetration and the peak spray tip velocity increased, whereas the spray cone angle and the spray area decreased. Comparisons between those macroscopic spray characteristics of AKB blends and AKP blends were also conducted. Compared to AKB blends, AKP blends showed similar spray tip penetration, larger peak tip velocity, smaller spray cone angle, and smaller spray area.

The Nonideality Coefficient of Current-Voltage Characteristics for Asymmetric p-n-Junctions in a Microwave Field

It is shown that the nonideality coefficient m actually depends on the electron temperature Te, and the hole temperature Th. We get more general expression for the nonideality coefficient, taking into account the concentration of electrons and holes, as well as their temperature, coefficient and diffusion length, the temperature of the phonons, the applied voltage, and the height of the potential barrier.

Molecular Characteristics and Phylogenetic Analysis of N Gene of Human Derived Rabies Virus

Objective To investigate the relationship between the molecular characteristics and phylogenetic evolution of rabies N gene.Methods Saliva samples were collected from rabies cases,and RT-PCR was used to amplify the N gene of rabies virus with the specific primers.The amplifying product of RT-PCR was cloned to pUCm-T vector and transformed into E.coli XL1-Blue and then the blue-white selection,PCR screening and gene sequencing were carried out to identify the positive clones.Finally,ExPASy and other bioinformatics softwares were used to analyze and predict the structure and biological characteristics of the N genome.Results The amplification product of RT-PCR was 1 353 bp,the recombinant plasmid pUCm-T/N was constructed,the whole length of the N gene open reading frame was composed of 1 353 nucleotide residues to code 450 amino acids （20 kinds）,the accession number submitted to the Genbank was HM756692,its sequence homology of nucleotides and amino acids compared with the vaccine strain CTN-1-V was 90% and 99% respectively.The evolutionary analysis showed that the isolated strain belonged to genotype I with certain geographic regionality.Conclusion The characteristics investigation and bioinformatics analysis of Hunan0806 N gene will provide fundament data to reveal the significance of the N gene characteristics for rabies epidemiology and its prevention control.

Numerical Calculations of Aerodynamic and Acoustic Characteristics for Scissor Tail-Rotor in Forward Flight

The aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics of a scissor tail-rotor in a forward flight are numerically calculated.A novel computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model based on Navier-Stokes(N-S)equations is presented to simulate the unsteady flowfield and the aerodynamic characteristics of a scissor tail-rotor in the forward flight.Then the Farassat Formulation 1 Aderived from the FW-H equation is coupled into the CFD model in order to compute the aeroacoustic characteristics of the scissor tail-rotor.In addition,two different scissor tail-rotor configurations,i.e.,the L-and U-configuration,are analyzed in details and compared with a conventional one.The influence of scissor angles on the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics of the scissor tail-rotor is also investigated.The simulation results demonstrate that the flowfield,aerodynamic force and aeroacoustic characteristics of a scissor tail-rotor are significantly different from the conventional one,and the aerodynamic interaction decreases with the increase of scissor angle,which leads to a reduction of amplitude variation of the tail-rotor thrust in the forward flight.The scissor angle has an important effect on the aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of the scissor tail-rotor.

C_(4)F_(7)N-CO_(2)混合气体多次放电后的绝缘性能劣化研究

C_(4)F_(7)N气体由于具有优良的绝缘性能,作为典型的SF_(6)替代气体受到本领域广泛关注。文中针对C_(4)F_(7)N-CO_(2)混合气体多次击穿放电后的性能劣化现象,在针板电极下开展了不同配比条件下C_(4)F_(7)N-CO_(2)混合气体的工频电压击穿试验,并利用气相色谱质谱联用仪来检测混合气体多次击穿放电后的分解物。通过研究发现:C_(4)F_(7)N-CO_(2)混合气体多次击穿电压会出现劣化现象,此外,随着C_(4)F_(7)N-CO_(2)混合气体击穿次数增多,分解产物六氟乙烷C_(2)F_(6)明显增多,其他几种杂质的含量相对较少,CF_(2)=CFCN、CF_(3)CHFCN、CF_(3)CH(CF_(3))CN的含量也随之增多,与之对应的,C_(4)F_(7)N含量有所降低。

基于n型柔性半导体的有机晶体管及其电子-离子双响应特性

为了研究n型有机混合离子电子导体电子-离子双响应特性及分子量对载流子迁移率的影响,采用具有平面刚性的梯形分子链结构的高分子量聚苯并二咪唑苯并菲绕啉二酮制备高性能有机电化学晶体管,并对晶体管紫外可见吸收光谱和晶体管器件电气性能进行表征。结果表明,利用高分子量聚苯并二咪唑苯并菲绕啉二酮制备的n型有机电化学晶体管表现出极高的响应速度(0.034 s)、高载流子迁移率(4.72×10^(-3) cm^(2)/(V·s)),以及在水系电解液中优异的稳定性(稳定运行超过120次脉冲循环)。

Photoelectric characteristics of silicon P–N junction with nanopillar texture:Analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Silicon nanopillars are fabricated by inductively coupled plasma （ICP） dry etching with the cesium chloride （CsCl） islands as masks originally from self-assembly. Wafers with nanopillar texture or planar surface are subjected to phosphorus （P） diffusion by liquid dopant source （POCl3） at 870 ℃ to form P-N junctions with a depth of 300 nm. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） is used to measure the Si 2p core levels of P-N junction wafer with nanopillar texture and planar surface. With a visible light excitation, the P-N junction produces a new electric potential for photoelectric characteristic, which causes the Si 2p core level to have a energy shift compared with the spectrum without the visible light. The energy shift of the Si 2p core level is -0.27 eV for the planar P-N junction and -0.18 eV for the nanopillar one. The difference in Si 2p energy shift is due to more space lattice defects and chemical bond breaks for nanopillar compared with the planar one.

Effects of Excess Air Coefficients on Combustion Characteristics of N-butanol by a Constant Volume Combustion Bomb

The effects of excess air coefficients on the combustion characteristics have been experimentally investigated by means of a constant volume combustion bomb.N-butanol was tested as the research fuel at different air-fuel equivalence ratios.Through the discussion of the combustion pressure,the combustion temperature,accumulated heat release,ignition delay and combustion duration,the effects of the excess air coefficient on combustion characteristics is clarified.Experimental results show that near the theoretical air-fuel ratio,the combustion rate is the fastest accompanying with shorter combustion duration while the combustion pressure and temperature reach the maximum.With increase or decrease of the excess air coefficient the combustion pressure,the temperature and the heat release reduce.Simultaneously,the combustion timing is deferred and the combustion duration becomes longer.

新型环保绝缘气体C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)的制备及检测研究

为了进一步探究C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体在高压电气设备中的应用潜能,本研究搭建C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体制备系统,采用分压法制备了C_(4)F_(7)N体积分数不同的C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体。建立了气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器(GC-FID)检测方法,针对C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体制备过程中检测质量难以控制的问题,基于流体力学及有限元分析,开展不同C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体的热驱动扩散模拟实验。结果表明:C_(4)F_(7)N体积分数为2%、5%、10%时C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)气体浓度扩散平衡的时间分别为4775、6600、8800 s,C_(4)F_(7)N气体浓度扩散平衡的时间分别为94、122、158 min。3种C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体分别在配制100、125、160 min后进行质量检测及应用,可达到良好的质量控制效果。

Analyses and Simulation of V-I Characteristics for Solar Cells Based on P-N Junction

Through theoretical analyses of the Shockley equation and the difference between a practical P-N junction and its ideal model, the mathematical models of P-N junction and solar cells had been obtained. With Matlab software, the V-I characteristics of diodes and solar cells were simulated, and a computer simulation model of the solar cells based on P-N junction was also established. Based on the simulation model, the influences of solar cell’s internal resistances on open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current under certain illumination were numerically analyzed and solved. The simulation results showed that the equivalent series resistance and shunt resistance could strongly affect the V-I characteristics of solar cell, but their influence styles were different.

肺部超声B线数量与腹膜透析患者水肿指数、NT-proBNP相关性及在容量超负荷中的评估效能

目的探讨肺部超声B线数量与腹膜透析患者水肿指数、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)相关性及在容量超负荷中评估效能。方法按照1∶1选取2022年1月—2023年8月收治的50例尿毒症腹膜透析容量超负荷患者(超负荷组)、50例尿毒症腹膜透析容量非超负荷患者(对照组)作为研究对象,采用肺部超声检测2组B线数量。以Pearson简单线性关系分析B线数量与水肿指数、NT-proBNP水平的相关性,比较2组基线资料以及透析前后B线数量、水肿指数、NT-proBNP,偏相关性分析腹膜透析患者容量超负荷的相关影响因素,受试者工作特征曲线分析B线数量、水肿指数、NT-proBNP预测容量超负荷价值。结果透析前后B线数量与水肿指数、NT-proBNP均呈显著正相关(P<0.01);超负荷组血清白蛋白、尿素清除指数(Kt/V)低于对照组(P<0.01)。超负荷组透析前后B线数量、水肿指数、NT-proBNP均高于对照组,且2组透析后上述指标低于透析前(P<0.05)。校正了血清白蛋白、Kt/V后,B线数量、水肿指数、NT-proBNP仍与腹膜透析患者容量超负荷呈正相关(P<0.01)。B线数量、水肿指数、NT-proBNP预测腹膜透析患者容量超负荷的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.784、0.709、0.810,而三者联合的AUC为0.936,其预测敏感度为88.00%,特异度为90.00%(P<0.01)。结论肺部超声检测B线数量与腹膜透析患者水肿指数、NT-proBNP密切相关,均与患者容量超负荷有关,三者联合检测可提高对腹膜透析患者容量超负荷的预测能力,可为容量管理提供客观参考信息和决策支持。

A Synthetic Study of the Position Difference of the Southern Branch Trough of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Based on Objective Identification

The southern branch trough (SBT) mainly appears in the winter half year (November to May of the following year), using the 4 times daily NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data nearly 41 years (1979-2019) to analyze the differences of the SBT distribution of spatial location, frequency in winter and spring, then selects the “eastern type” and “western type” of the 10 most typical SBT, using simplified vertical vorticity tendency equation, using simplified vertical vorticity tendency equation to diagnosis of the SBT in power, heat, water vapor and wave energy in different positions. The results show that: 1) The location of the SBT is more eastward in winter, and more westward in spring. 2) The diagnosis results of the vorticity equation show that the vorticity of the southern branch of the “western type” is mainly contributed by advection term;the vorticity of the “eastern type” south branch is mainly contributed by the non-adiabatic heating term. 3) The SBT of the “eastern type” has more obvious vorticity advection than the southern branch of the “western type”, and the dynamic action is stronger. The “western type” SBT has stronger Q1, specific humidity advection and water vapor flux than the “eastern type” SBT, which is greatly affected by thermal action and water vapor. When the “eastern type” and “western type” SBT occur, the T-N wave activity flux appears obvious abnormal energy fluctuation propagation.

Annealing Effects on Electrical Properties and Interfacial Reactions of Ni/Cu Schottky Rectifiers on n-Type InP

We report on the effect of annealing temperature on electrical, interfacial reactions and surface morphological properties of Ni/Cu Schottky contacts on n-type InP. The extracted barrier height of as-deposited Ni/Cu Schottky contact is 0.59 eV (I-V) respectively. The high-quality Schottky contact with barrier height and ideality factor of 0.65 eV (I-V) and 1.15 respectively, can be obtained after annealing at 300℃ for 1 min in a nitrogen atmosphere. However, annealing at 400℃, results the decrease in the barrier height to 0.54 eV (I-V). From the above observations, it is observed that Ni/Cu Schottky contact exhibited excellent electrical properties after annealing at 300℃. Hence, the optimum annealing temperature for the Ni/Cu Schottky contact is 300℃. Furthermore, Cheung’s functions is used to extract the diode parameters including ideality factor, barrier height and series resistance. According to the XRD analysis, the formation of the indium phases at the Ni/Cu/n-InP interface could be the reason for the increase in the barrier height at annealing temperature 300℃. Further, the degradation of the barrier heights after annealing at 400℃ may be due to the formation of phosphide phases at the Ni/Cu/n-InP interface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that the overall surface morphology of the Ni/Cu Schottky contact is reasonably smooth.

TOPOLOGY OF CONFIGURATION SPACE FOR A THREE-BODY PROBLEM

考虑了限制在球面Ｓ２上运动的三个质点的力学系统，该系统的构型空间是Ｓ２上的一个纤维丛。本文证明了这个丛的第１陈省身示性类等于－２ｃ１（γ），其中γ是复射影空间ＣＰ１＝Ｓ２上的典范线丛。这个结果蕴涵该构型空间是Ｓ２上的非平凡丛。由此又算出了它的上同调群与同伦群。此外还讨论了上述拓扑性质对于诸如平衡位置的数目，周期轨道及约化相空间等涉及系统大范围性状的影响。