The Impact of Music Education on Children’s Cognitive Development:From Traditional Classrooms to Modern Digital Platforms

Music education has long been debated for its influence on children’s cognitive development,particularly regarding their thinking methods and adaptability.This article synthesizes research data to examine the cognitive benefits of music instruction,including increased IQ,language proficiency,memory,and attention.Traditional face-to-face training,while personalized and socially interactive,faces limitations such as budget constraints and accessibility.Modern digital platforms offer individualized learning paths with AI-driven feedback but may lack necessary interpersonal interaction.This paper proposes a hybrid approach to music education,integrating traditional and digital methods to maximize cognitive gains.Further research is recommended to explore the implementation of these integrated learning strategies in varied educational settings.

Mapping the Research Landscape of Language Development in Autistic Children: A Preliminary Scientometric Analysis

Children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)often encounter difficulties in language learning and utilization,a concern that has gained significant academic attention,particularly given the widespread occurrence of ASD globally.Previous reviews,however,have relied on empirical observations rather than a more rigorous selection criterion.This preliminary study seeks to systematize the scientific knowledge base regarding language development in autistic children by utilizing the analysis tool Citespace 6.2.R5.We visualized and analyzed research patterns and trends regarding autism by drawing data from the Web of Science.Through document citation and emerging trend analyses,seven key research clusters and their chronological associations are identified,along with research hotspots such as language disorder diagnosis and intervention,social communication,language acquisition,and multilingual and multicultural influences.Research findings show that there exist some issues with the current research,including small sample sizes,the need for further investigation into receptive language development,and a lack of cross-cultural comparative studies.Meanwhile,the scope and depth of interdisciplinary research on language development in autistic children also need to be further enhanced.The research contributes to the extant literature by providing valuable references for autism researchers and practitioners.

Design of a Landscape Device for Children from the Perspective of Embodied Cognition in the New Era

In recent years,embodied cognition has ushered in a new research upsurge in the academic field,and has become a hot topic in the field of cognitive psychology.In this paper,from the perspective of embodied cognition,the interaction ways of a landscape device for children were discussed to achieve a more real and harmonious interaction between children and scenes.The research data of embodied cognition used by children was analyzed,and the drawbacks and breakthrough points of current landscape devices for children were discussed.The core characteristics of children’s growth period were extracted to establish children’s interaction model and summarize the interactive design methods of landscape devices for children.Embodied cognition has become the most intuitive way for children to know and understand the environment,and plays a pivotal role in children’s growth.Based on embodied cognition principle and interactive behavior mode,the interactive design of a landscape device for children was studied,and three interactive design modes,including simple and convenient interaction mode,multi-sensory interaction mode and game natural interaction mode were summarized.On the basis of this research,relevant design practice and research were carried out to bring a new vision to the design of children’s landscape.

Research on Creation Strategies of Picture Books for Children’s Cognitive and Imaginative Development

This paper discusses the creation strategies of picture books for children’s cognitive and imaginative development,and proposes that picture book creation should closely focus on the needs of children’s cognitive and imaginative development.Through analysis,this paper summarizes the effective strategies in the creation of picture books,aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the design of children’s picture books,and further promote the comprehensive development of children’s cognitive and imaginative abilities.

Research on Children’s Game Activity Design Strategies Based on Embodied Cognition Theory

Edutainment,in the kindergarten education stage,emphasizes the game as the basic activity and combines the content of education with the form of the game,thus it also forms the educational method of gamification teaching.Through investigation and analysis,it is found that the current kindergarten game activity design has the problem of improper combination of educational content and game form.The current kindergarten game activity design has problems such as stereotypes,children’s lack of active learning opportunities in activities,teachers’insufficient theoretical understanding,inappropriate teacher guidance methods,and so on.Embodied cognition theory attaches importance to the important role of the body in the development of cognition,provides new guidance for classroom teaching,and opens up a new path for classroom teaching reform.Based on the perspective of embodied cognition theory,the concept of body and mind integration should be adhered to in kindergarten teaching with games as the basic activity,experiential teaching situation should be created,children’s subjective experience should be respected,and games and interactions should be designed to promote children’s physical and mental participation,thus laying a foundation for the realization of children’s individual freedom,autonomy,and all-round development.Therefore,this paper aims at the existing problems in the current kindergarten gamification teaching and discusses the design strategy of children’s game activities based on embodied cognition theory.

The Market Development of Children’s Go Training and the Difficulty and Countermeasure Analysis of Go Training

The children’s Go training market is experiencing vigorous growth but also faces several challenges.As the importance of Go in cultural education increases,the market expands,with growing demand and involvement from training and educational institutions.However,the market encounters difficulties such as a shortage of high-quality Go coaches,uniformity in training content and methods,and high training costs.To address these issues,measures can be taken to strengthen the team of Go coaches,diversify training content and methods,and optimize the training cost structure,thereby promoting the healthy development of the children’s Go training market.

Axial length/corneal radius of curvature ratio and refractive development evaluation in 3-to 4-year-old children: the Shanghai Pudong Eye Study

AIM: To measure and analysis axial length(AL)/corneal radius of curvature(CRC) ratio and other refractive parameters, provide a medical reference range for refractive development evaluation and earlier visual impairment screening of 3 to 4 y kindergarten students.METHODS: Between April and June 2017, a total of 4350 participants aged 3-to 4-year-old(8700 eyes) from 10 cluster random sampling kindergartens in Shanghai, Pudong District were involved. According to the measurement and analysis of the unaided visual acuity(VA), AL, CRC, AL/CRC ratio, astigmatism and other refractive parameters, the data distribution and reference range were obtained.RESULTS: Uncorrected VA of examined children was 0.23±0.08(logMAR, mean±SD) [95% confidence interval(CI) range ≤0.36];AL was 22.10±0.79 mm(95%CI 20.55-23.65);CRC was 7.86±0.26 mm(95%CI, 7.35-8.37);AL/CRC ratio was 2.81±0.12(95%CI, 2.57-3.05). The median of astigmatism was-0.5 D, a total of 56.3% had astigmatism <-0.50 D, 85.3%<-1.00 D, 6.7%>-1.50 D;71% were astigmatism with the rule. Eye-specific analyses were conducted. Statistical difference of VA was in right and left eyes. There were no significant differences between two eyes of AL, CRC, AL/CRC ratio and astigmatism(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: VA and AL/CRC ratio reference could be used to assess refractive development in children and screening uncorrected refractive errors or amblyopia. Astigmatism needs to be considered in the diagnosis.

Cognitive and Psychological Outcomes in Younger vs. Older Children with Subtentorial/Supratentorial Ependymoma after Radiation Therapy

Purpose: to investigate cognitive and psychological problems in children treated for intracranial ependymoma, the evolution of these disorders over time and the role of age at radiotherapy and tumor site, in their onset and persistence. Methods and Materials: 23 patients received a complete evaluation;some of them underwent follow-ups. The clinical data collected included sex, age (at diagnosis, assessment and tumor treatment, thus dividing patients into two cohorts: younger or older than 5 years), site (supratentorial vs. subtentorial), the presence of hydrocephalus, neurological examination, tumor treatment. All the patients received an age-appropriate cognitive and psychological evaluation. Results: The mean cognitive level was within the norm, with lower scores on the Performance Intelligence Quotient (PIQ). The psychological assessment revealed Internalizing problems and impaired independence. Children older than 5 years had a lower Intelligence Quotient (IQ) than the younger children, both at the initial evaluation and at follow-ups. Initially, the supratentorial group appeared to be less impaired than the subtentorial group but then exhibited a progressive decline in the IQ. In the subtentorial group, the children with an IQ within the normal range remained stable at the follow-up, while the children with below-norm scores at the initial evaluation showed deterioration over time. Conclusions: Tumor site seems to affect the cognitive outcome to a greater extent than age at radiotherapy.

Development of the first Arabic cognitive dental anxiety scale for children and young adults

AIM: To validate the Arabic version of abeer children dental anxiety scale.METHODS: Two ethical approvals for this study were obtained from United Arab Emirates, Ministry of Health and Dubai Health Authority; reference number: 2011/57. The Abeer children dental anxiety scale(ACDAS) was translated from English to Arabic by the native speaker chief investigator, and then back translated by another native speaker in Dubai(AS) to ensure comparability with the original one. Part C of ACDAS was excluded for the schoolchildren because those questions were only applicable for children at the dentist with their parents or legal guardian. A total of 355 children(6 years and over) were involved in this study; 184 in Dubai, 96 from the Religious International Institute for boys and 88 from Al Khansaa Middle School for girls. A sample of 171 children was assessed for external validity(generalizability) from two schools in different areas of London in the United Kingdom.RESULTS: Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the cut-off ≥ 26 for ACDAS gave the optimal results for sensitivity = 90%(95%CI: 81.2%-95.6%), and specificity = 86.6%(95%CI: 78.2%-92.7%), with AUROC = 0.93(95%CI: 0.90-0.97). Cronbach's Alpha(α) was 0.90 which indicated good internal consistency. Results of the external validity assessing the agreement between ACDAS and dental subscale of the children's fear survey schedule was substantial for the East London school(κ = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.53-0.843); sensitivity = 92.9%(95%CI: 82.7%-98.0%); specificity = 73.5%(95%CI: 55.6%-87.1%) and almost perfect for the Central London school(κ = 0.79; 95%CI: 0.70-0.88); sensitivity = 96.4%(95%CI: 81.7%-99.9%); specificity = 65.9%,(95%CI: 57.4%-73.8%). CONCLUSION: The Arabic ACDAS is a valid cognitive scale to measure dental anxiety for children age 6 years or over.

Threat perception predicts cognitive behavioral therapy outcomes in anxious children

Objective: Anxiety disorders of childhood are prevalent, debilitating conditions that do not always respond to existing treatments. Attentional biases towards threatening stimuli have been reported in anxious children and hypothesized to interfere with treatment response. Therefore, we examined such biases in children with anxiety disorders in relation to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) outcomes. Method: Thirty-eight children diagnosed with anxiety disorders in a specialized clinic (21 girls and 17 boys;age = 10.50 ± 1.11 years) and 36 unaffected community controls (19 girls and 17 boys;age = 10.20 ± 1.07 years) participated. Participants completed standardized questionnaire measures of anxiety and a probe position task (PPT) with facial cues. This task often reveals a response slowing effect related to threatening faces in vulnerable individuals. Children with anxiety disorders repeated these measures after completing CBT. Results: Groups did not differ in performance on the PPT, but angry/calm incongruent difference scores were significantly associated with self-reports of social anxiety and state anxiety. When controlling for pre-CBT anxiety levels, incongruent difference scores involving angry faces predicted post-CBT anxiety disorders index scores on the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children. PPT scores did not change significantly with CBT. Conclusions: Attentional bias towards threat on the PPT task may predict response to CBT and appears linked to social anxiety. Interventions to ameliorate this bias merit further study, as they might improve treatment outcomes for anxious, especially socially anxious, children.

Development and validation of a screening instrument for cognitive fluctuation in patientswith neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies(NCDLB):the Mayo Fluctuations Scale-Thai version

Background Prevalence of neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies （NCDLB） is low in Asian populations, which may partially refect its diagnostic diffculty. The Mayo Fluctuations Scale, a short questionnaire that evaluates cognitive fuctuation, has been shown to signifcantly differentiate NCDLB from Alzheimer＇s disease.Aim This study aimed to develop the Mayo Fluctuations Scale-Thai version and assess its validity to screen NCDLB in an elderly population.Methods The Mayo Fluctuations Scale was translated into Thai. The process involved back-translation, cross-cultural adaptation, feld testing of the prefnal version, as well as fnal adjustments. From all patients attending the Psychiatric and Memory Clinic at Ramathibodi Hospital, 135 patients accompanied by their primary caregivers were included. Caregivers were interviewed by research assistants using a four-item scale, and psychiatrists determined patients＇ diagnosis based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders （DSM）-5 criteria. Evaluations performed by psychiatrists and research assistants were blinded.Results Seventeen participants had been diagnosed with major NCDLB. At a cut-off score of 2 or over, the Mayo Fluctuations Scale exhibited excellent performance to differentiate major NCDLB from other major neurocognitive disorders （NCDs）, with a sensitivity of 94.1% and a specifcity of 71.4%, and acceptable performance to differentiate mild NCDLB from other mild NCDs, with a sensitivity of 60% and a specifcity of 93.1%.Conclusion The Mayo Fluctuations Scale-Thai version is an excellent screening tool for major NCDLB and an acceptable tool that may be used with other additional tests for mild NCDLB. The tool is practical for use in memory and psychiatric clinics. Further validation studies in participants with other specifc clinical conditions are required.

An Exploratory Behavioral Study in Children of Four Years of Age on the Hypothesis of a Two Streams System in Touch Perception and Language Development

A two streams system seems to exist for tactile perception.We asked kindergarten children to identify(semantic)and describe the function of grasped unseen instruments of their daily life(fork,knife,spoon,brush,toothbrush,pencil,and scissor),and then,to simulate its use(pragmatic).The capacity to describe the function of the set of instruments was significantly superior to that of identifying them by name,although there was a significant direct association between identification and description of the function in the responses to the set of instruments.The simulation of the instrument function was of two types:(i)use―the child simulated how the instrument is grasped and used;and(ii)incorporation―the child simulated the function of the instrument with her/his own hand.The results support the hypothesis of a two streams tactile system(semantic and pragmatic),and that kindergarten children have the ability to incorporate functional properties of instruments of their daily life,probably as a support for language development.

Nutrition impacts of non-solid cooking fuel adoption on under-five children in developing countries

This paper examines the nutrition impacts of using non-solid cooking fuel on under-five children in developing countries.We draw on data from more than 1.12 million children in 62 developing countries from the Demographic and Health Surveys(DHS).Results from both fixed effects(FE)and instrumental variable(IV)estimates show that using non-solid cooking fuel significantly improves the nutrition outcomes of under-five children.Compared with their peers from households mainly using solid fuel,children from households mainly using non-solid fuel exhibit a lower probability of experiencing stunting(by 5.9 percentage points)and being underweight(by 1.2 percentage points).Our further investigation provides evidence for several underlying mechanisms,such as improved indoor air quality,induced reduction in children’s respiratory symptoms,benefits on maternal health,and reduction in maternal time spent on fuel collection or cooking.Heterogenous analyses suggest that the nutrition benefits of using non-solid cooking fuel are more prominent among boys,children above three years old,and those from households of lower socioeconomic status,rural areas,and Southeast Asia.

Media Effects on Children＇s Social and Moral Development： A Theological Moral Study in Africa

In this 21 st century, whether we like it or not, it is very clear that the Intemet, social media, and all ad of the related technology have come to stay. This new technological discovery has brought great and wonderful benefits to our family＇s lives and relationships. However as it is always the case with any new innovations, it has its own negative side. This paper aims at investigating what actually social media is and how it translates to children, especially African children, as it relates to family and social living. Actually Internet provide benefits in areas such as cognitive and social development, it also presents risks together with opportunities for children＇s growth and development. It is common today to see children spending great quality of their time using other social websites. It is also evidenced that Interact provide benefits in the area of emotional and intellectual development and at the same time present risk as well as opportunities to children＇s development in functional and societal challenges. Therefore social media gives the children of the present age the opportunity to enter into global entertainment and communication. As a result of this development, there is now Internet addiction of children. Hence, there is serious need for parents to be aware of the nature of social media sites, their children are using. This is because not all of them are healthy environments for children. Experts such as childhood educators and psychologist even Paediatricians are equipped and so are better hands to assist parents not only to know and understand these websites but to encourage proper use and make them to monitor for potential problems such as cyber-bullying, facebook depression, exposure to inappropriate content and sexting. This paper proffers some recommendation that certainly will assist parents to bring up their children up to be vibrant adult even in this technological era.

Research on British and American Literature Research and Development Trend based on Cognitive Theory and Style Analysis

In this paper, we conduct theoretical research on British and American literature research and development trend based on cognitive theory and style analysis. Literature as a form of historical culture, the culture of different era, can better reflect the social culture background. Into contact with the cultural background of English-speaking countries, for teachers of English teaching and students＇ English learning has great significance. Under the basic influence of cultural background in English countries, learning English, will quickly understand the characteristics of syntax and understand the charm of language. Works covered by historical background, English can help students experience a good text artistic conception, thus extended thinking. Under this background, we integrate the basic cognitive theory and style analysis to propose the literature research and development trend that will assist the English community to find better developmental orientation.

On the relation between home numeracy activities and preschool children＇s numeracy development

This mini-review focuses on the question of how home numeracy experience （i.e.,number-related activities at home） may affect a child＇s numeracy development. Evidence from young children suggests that trajectories of number learning differ for children having different home numeracy experiences. Children involved in higher frequency of direct numeracy practice tend to have higher numeracy skills, but the result becomes more complicated when considering the types of home numeracy activities. The relationship between the home numeracy experience and preschool children＇s nurneracy development may shed light on how children acquire number skills and develop their mathematics competence.

Follow-up study of gallbladder stones in 44 children

BACKGROUND Cholesterol stones affect a certain subpopulation of children.Concerns have been raised on the impact of gallbladder surgery on the growth of children and adolescents.AIM To study the population characteristics,clinical features,treatment,and prognosis of gallstones in children.METHODS The clinical data of 44 children with gallstones admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from August 2009 to August 2021 were collected,the children were followed up by telephone to monitor their prognoses.The follow-up ended in August 2023.The shortest follow-up time was 2 years and 6 months,whereas the longest was 13 years and 11 months.The population characteristics,general clinical characteristics,and treatments were retrospectively analyzed.The children were divided according to whether they underwent surgical gallbladder removal into an operation group(n=28)and a non-operation group(n=16),The effects of surgical gallbladder resection on the growth and development of children were analyzed.RESULTS The male–female ratio in the population was 6:5 and 84.09%of the children had onset in adolescence.Furthermore,29.55%of the children were overweight or obese.The study identified 26 cases with metabolic abnormalities,9 with hemolytic anemia,and 4 with choledochal cyst.Of the population,68.18%had recurrent symptomatic cholecystolithiasis.Surgical treatment accounted for 63.64%,with laparoscopic cholecystectomy accounting for 71.43%of surgical treatment.No significant differences were observed in symptoms and complications between the surgery and non-surgery groups.Furthermore,no significant differences were found between the two groups in the attainment of genetic height target and the rightward shift of height curve during follow-up.CONCLUSION The sex characteristics of gallstones in children were not observed.Most gallstones occurred in adolescents and rarely in young children.A considerable proportion of children have inborn causes,which are often concurrent with metabolic abnormalities and hemolytic anemia.Most children had recurrent symptomatic gallstones.Surgical treatment,especially laparoscopic cholecystectomy,is still the main treatment for gallstones in children.Surgical treatment did not affect the growth and development of children who underwent gallstone removal.

Nature or Nurture—On the Development of Children's Language

Referring to children's development,especially the development of children's language,there is a question that people are very interested in,that is,does the development of children's language on earth depend on innate inheritance or postnatal environment? In order to answer this question,this paper begins with the definition of the development of children's language,then,expounds some theories on language acquisition,finally,finds out the crucial factors influencing the development of children's language.

Exploration of Children's Language Acquisition and Teaching Based on Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development

This paper explores children's language acquisition process and its application in educational practice based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development.Piaget's theory emphasizes that children's cognitive abilities develop progressively through different stages,from sensorimotor to concrete operational stages.Children's language acquisition progresses from simple to complex and from concrete to abstract during these stages.The paper integrates theoretical discussions on how to design effective language teaching strategies according to children's cognitive development characteristics to promote their language proficiency and overall cognitive development.